| How to Avoid Sentence Fragments Posted: 06 Mar 2018 04:00 PM PST Sentence fragments are partial sentences that require additional information to be understood by the reader. Check to make sure your sentences contain a subject, a verb, and a stand-alone thought. If you find you're prone to using sentence fragments, you can identify and correct them in your writing. This will make it easier for your audience read and comprehend your work. EditCrafting Complete Sentences - Start your sentence with a capital letter. Capitalize the first letter of your sentence. This will let your reader know a new thought is starting.[1]
- Use both a subject and a verb. Craft your sentence so a subject—either a person, place, idea or thing—is performing an action or state of being, the verb. The sentence can include adjectives, adverbs, and other embellishments beyond the basics, but it must have these two essential elements.[2]
- For example, men, women, animals, concepts, emotions, and areas of study could all be subjects.
- For example, jump, swim, hit, flip, come, and is are all verbs.[3]
- Some basic subject-verb sentences are: He jumps. She swims. The dog flips. I am. Sadness is fleeting. Science is complex.
- Express a complete idea with your sentence. Provide any additional detail that's needed for your sentence to make sense standing alone. A complete sentence does not rely on information outside the sentence to express a thought fully.[4]
- For example, "Art crosses" has both a subject and a verb, but it doesn't make sense as a complete thought. A complete idea could be, "Art crosses socioeconomic boundaries."
- Close your sentence with a period, exclamation point, or question mark. Use final punctuation to end your sentence. The type of punctuation you use will cue your reader about the intonation of the sentence. It also indicates that the thought the sentence expresses is complete.[5]
EditIdentifying Sentence Fragments - Look for a subject without a verb. Read your sentence aloud to see if you've included a verb. You are looking for a concrete action or state of being that the subject performs. If you've included only a subject, the sentence is a fragment.[6]
- Examples of sentence fragments that include a subject but no verb might be: "The pretty girl." "The audacious concept." "Dirty newsprint."
- A verb would help complete these sentences. For example: "The pretty girl dances." "The audacious concept took me by surprise." "Dirty newsprint stains the carpet."
- Look for a verb without a subject. Scan your sentence for a subject. If there is an action or state of being without a person, place, concept, or thing executing it, your sentence is likely a fragment.[7]
- Examples of sentence fragments that include a verb but no subject are: "Am completing the test." "Jumps in the river." "Biked to school."
- A subject would help complete these sentences For example: "I am completing the test." "She jumps in the river." "The child biked to school."
- Test whether the words stand alone as a complete thought. Ask yourself if you would need more information were someone to walk up to you and say these words. Would it add up or would you be waiting for them to provide more detail? A complete sentence will make sense on its own as a whole thought.[8]
- For example, if someone just came up to you and said, "Which is very sharp." You'd wonder what exactly was sharp. You could fix this by substituting a subject for the word which. For example, "The needle is very sharp."
- Similarly, if someone said, "Because I can't go." You would wonder what the person was explaining. You could fix this by preceding the fragment with additional information to complete the thought. For example, "I'm sad because I can't go."
- Note that sentence fragments will often hide near complete, closely related sentences.
EditCorrecting Sentence Fragments - Join the fragment to a related neighboring sentence. Look for a neighboring sentence that helps supply the information your fragment is missing. Often a fragment is created if you end a sentence before it is truly complete. Related sentences can help provide missing detail to finish a thought that doesn't stand on its own.[9]
- For example, consider the pair of sentences: "I need to go to the farm. Because I promised I'd pick up eggs." The first sentence is complete because it has a subject, a verb, and expresses a complete thought. The second sentence is a fragment because it does not express a complete thought even though it has a subject and a verb.
- You can resolve the fragment by joining the two sentences into one complete sentence. "I need to go to the farm because I promised I'd pick up eggs."
- Rephrase the fragment by adding the missing subject. Take note of any fragments that have subjects missing. Add or clarify the subject of your sentence so your idea can be understood completely on its own.[10]
- Consider the fragment, "Which is weird, considering my fear of heights."
- Adding a subject completes the sentence and creates a stand-alone thought. "My love for hiking is weird, considering my fear of heights"
- Rework the fragment by adding the missing verb. Identify sentence fragments that are missing a verb and add one to complete the thought. The verb can be a state of being—so simply existing, for example—or an action that your subject carries out.
- For example, consider the fragment "Scared dogs in their kennels." Scared dogs in their kennels do what?[11]
- Adding a verb makes it so that the dogs are acting or existing in their space. For example, "The scared dogs cowered in their kennels."
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| How to Do a Cat Eye on Round Eyes Posted: 06 Mar 2018 08:00 AM PST On round eyes, you want to create the illusion of length. Cat eye eyeliner (also called winged eyeliner) is a great way to do this! Prepare your eyelids, draw on your eyeliner, and add some finishing touches for a fun, flattering cat eye. EditFinding the Correct Angle - Apply primer to your eyelid. Dab a tiny bit of eye primer all over your eyelid and massage it in. This will help your eye makeup to go on smooth, and prevent it from smearing. It will also help your eyeliner stand out.[1]
- Hold a makeup brush against the side of your nose. To find the best angle for your wing, start by holding the brush vertically right next to your nose. Then, angle the brush until it points to the end of your eyebrow. This is the line you want your eyeliner wing to follow.[2]
- Think of the wing as an extension of your lower lash line.
- Try to make both sides exactly the same.
- Choose the best wing length for round eyes. With round eyes, you can feel free to make your wings as long as you want. A longer wing wing will help your eyes to look wider, which is great for round eyes.[3]
- Start by making your wing about long. Feel free to extend the line if you want it to be longer.
- Draw a tiny dot of eyeliner where you want your wing to land. Once you've determined the exact angle and length for your wing, draw a tiny dot with eyeliner to mark this place.[4]
- You can make this dot with liquid or pencil eyeliner.
- Find the highest peak of your eye. Locate the place where your eye reaches its highest point toward your forehead. This is the place where you will begin thickening your eyeliner. It can help to make a tiny dot with eyeliner to mark this spot.[5]
- Starting at the highest peak will help round eyes look longer.
- Mark both eyes before moving on. Be sure to both determine the place where your wing will land and the highest point of both eyes before you begin applying makeup. As you continue to apply your eye makeup, perform each step on both eyes before moving on.[6]
EditApplying Eyeliner - Apply neutral eyeshadow to your lid. Use an eyeshadow brush to apply beige, light brown, or gold eyeshadow to your eyelid up to the crease. This will help to accent the bold eyeliner without being overpowering.[7]
- You can also add a bit of eyeshadow around your eyeliner after you draw it on. This helps to set your eyeliner and avoid smudges later.
- Draw a thin line along your eyelid. Using black eyeliner, start at the inner edge of your upper eyelid and draw a very thin line along your upper lashes. For now, stop your line where your lashes end.[8]
- Avoid pulling your skin taut. This can actually make your line uneven.
- If you want to make your eyes look wider, start the liner a little further from the inner edge of your eye.
- You can use either liquid or pencil eyeliner. Liquid liner creates strong precise lines, but pencil is a little easier to apply.
- Begin widening the line at your highest peak. Return to the place where you marked the highest peak of your eye. Begin thickening the line of eyeliner at this point. Beginning at the highest peak helps round eyes to look longer.[9]
- The eyeliner should gradually thicken as you approach the winged edge.
- You can make the outer edge of your eyeliner as thick as you want.
- Another option is to simply begin your eyeliner at the highest peak.
- Draw the bottom edge of your wing. Find the dot you created to mark the point of your wing. Use black eyeliner to to carefully draw a line extending from your upper lash line to the dot you made. You can do this is 1 pass, or make several small passes with your eyeliner.[10]
- If it turns out a little choppy, you can smooth it out when you fill in the wing.
- Connect the top of the triangle and fill it in. Draw a second line of eyeliner from the dot to the middle of your upper lash line. For round eyes, you want to create a sharp triangle, instead of a swoop or curve. Fill in the triangle with eyeliner.[11]
- If any part of your wing looks choppy or uneven, add a bit more eyeliner to smooth it out.
- Connect the bottom edge of your wing to your bottom lash line. If you want to heighten the cat eye look, use liquid or pencil eyeliner to fill in the space from your bottom lash line to your wing.[12]
- Line the bottom of your eyes with color. Using a small angled brush, add a bit of bright color along the bottom edge of your lower lashes. This can help make the look pop.[13]
- Highlight the inner corner of your eyes. Dab a little light-colored eyeshadow on the inner corner of each eye. This adds a dimensional highlight and makes your eyes look bigger.
- Avoid adding dark liner to the inside corner of your eyes, which can make them look smaller.
- Finish with mascara. This look begs for big, dark eyelashes. Apply several coats of black mascara to your upper lashes as a finishing touch. Adding mascara to your bottom lashes is optional.[14]
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| How to Avoid Body Piercing Mistakes Posted: 06 Mar 2018 12:00 AM PST Body piercing can be a fun way to accessorize and express your individuality, but it also comes with some common pitfalls. Make sure you have the safest piercing experience possible by preparing for your piercing and going to to a professional piercer who uses hypoallergenic tools and jewelry. Keep your piercings clean and healthy by cleaning and monitoring them closely while they heal. Remember to be safe and have fun while expressing yourself! EditGetting Ready for a Piercing - Consider the commitment a piercing requires before getting it. Many people make a spur-of-the-moment decision to get a piercing, without taking into account the money and care that a body piercing requires. Before you go in to get your piercing, think about how long the piercing will take to heal and if it will interfere with the dress code at your job or school.
- You should also think about whether or not your piercing can be covered up easily if need be.
- That said, don't put too much pressure on yourself. Even if you get the piercing and decide you don't like it as much as you thought you would, you can always remove the jewelry once it's healed and let the piercing close up.
- Get a doctor's note if you have a serious medical condition. If you have a condition or are taking medication that could affect your blood's clotting ability, make sure to check with your doctor beforehand and obtain a note. Let your piercer know about your condition and show them the doctor's note before you start the piercing process.[1]
- For example, if you have diabetes, a bleeding disorder, a heart condition, or are currently on antibiotics, you will need to show the piercer a doctor's note.
- If you're currently on any medications, you should check with your doctor just in case.
- Don't drink alcohol or caffeine before or right after your piercing. This can cause blood thinning and lead to excessive bleeding, bruising around the piercing site, and extra pain. Drinking directly afterwards can also slow down the healing process. To be safe, avoid drinking any alcohol until a few days after you've had the piercing done.[2]
- It's also technically illegal for piercers to pierce anyone under the influence, so make sure to save the celebratory drinks for later!
- With oral piercings, it's especially important to avoid alcohol for a few days. Alcoholic drinks can irritate the piercing and cause swelling, especially when you're dehydrated.
- Eat a meal at least 6 hours beforehand to keep your blood sugar up. If you skip a meal and come to get pierced on an empty stomach, you're more likely to feel dizzy and even faint.[3] Make sure to eat a full meal 6 hours beforehand, and even have a small snack about 2 hours before the piercing, to keep your blood sugar at a healthy level.
- Shower and dress in loose, comfy clothing before getting pierced. Not only is this healthier for the piercing and the healing process, but it's also respectful to the piercer. Wash away any sweat, makeup, or grime lingering on the skin in the shower, then put on some loose, breathable clothes that let you access the piercing site easily.[4]
- For example, if you're getting your belly button or nipples pierced, you'll need to wear something that you can easily slide out of the way, such as a loose shirt or tanktop.
- Showering beforehand is especially important with below-the-belt piercings. Make sure to wear a pair of comfortable underwear that you don't mind getting stained.
- With oral piercings, make sure to brush your teeth as well.
EditGoing to a Professional Studio - Call ahead to make an appointment. If the piercing studio is busy, they may not be able to take walk-ins. Instead of dropping in for an appointment, always call in first and talk to a piercer at the studio. This way, you can ask any preliminary questions you might have and confirm the date and time before coming in.
- Choose a professional piercer to make sure the piercing is done safely. Professional piercers know to use sterile materials, practice safety procedures, give instructions for aftercare, and have a strong understanding of anatomy. If your piercer dodges questions, pressures you to get a piercing, or doesn't keep a clean workspace, you should definitely find someone else.
- Check the reviews on Yelp before you go into a piercing studio. Look at what other people wrote about their experiences at the studio, especially with customer service, cleanliness, and professionalism.
- Look at the piercing studio's website before you go in. Staff, rates, and general information should be presented in a professional, confident, and knowledgeable way.
- Check with the studio beforehand if you have a metal allergy. Make sure they have a clean, professional environment and sells only hypoallergenic jewelry. You should also make sure they use sterile, nickel-free or surgical-grade stainless steel needles that come in sealed packages for piercing. If the studio is sloppy or sells jewelry with nickel, look for a new piercer.[5]
- Common metal allergies include nickel, copper, cobalt, and certain alloys.
- If the studio uses piercing guns, ask them if the part that comes in contact with the person getting pierced isn't re-used on other customers.
- If you find that itchiness or a rash occurs within 12-48 hours of wearing earrings or necklaces, you likely have a metal allergy. Contact your doctor for further testing and treatment, if needed.
- Choose quality, hypoallergenic jewelry instead of nickel or brass. This metal will be in contact with your body for a long time, so it's important to choose high-quality materials! Look for jewelry made of hypoallergenic materials, such as acrylic, titanium, or surgical-grade steel. Make sure that the jewelry backings also are made of hypoallergenic materials.[6]
- Other safe metals options include stainless steel, palladium, platinum, 18-karat yellow gold, nickel-free yellow gold, and argentium sterling silver.
- Avoid jewelry made of alloys with nickel and brass. These can turn your skin green or cause serious allergic reactions.
- Keep in mind that surgical-grade stainless steel may contain a little nickel, but it's generally considered hypoallergenic for most people.
- Ask your piercer any questions you might have afterward. Many piercers say that the only bad questions are the ones you don't ask. After the piercing, your piercer should provide you with basic information about the healing time and aftercare instructions. If you have any other questions or concerns that haven't been answered, now is the time to ask!
- For example, you could ask about what foods to avoid with an oral piercing.
- You could also ask about what you should do if you piercing site starts swelling.
EditCleaning and Aftercare - Clean your piercing once a day to prevent infection. Some of the most common mistakes that people make after getting a piercing are cleaning it too often or not cleaning it enough. Once a day should be enough, unless your piercing becomes infected. If you notice any signs of infection, start cleaning your piercing 2-3 times a day until the infection goes away.
- Use a gentle saline solution to clean your piercing. You can either purchase saline solution or make your own by mixing of sea salt with of warm water until it dissolves. Use a Q-tip to apply the saline solution to both ends of the piercing, wiping away any buildup or grime. Rinse away any residue with warm water, then pat the area dry.[7]
- If possible, it's even better to let the whole piercing soak in a small cup of saline solution for a few minutes. For example, you can use this method on ear, nipple, and lip piercings.
- Make sure not to clean your piercings with harsh solutions like rubbing alcohol or hydrogen peroxide. A gentle saline solution, or even gentle hand soap, will disinfect and soothe the piercing site without irritating it.
- Don't twist or tug on your jewelry often while it's healing. Not only does this keep the piercing from healing properly, it transfers oil and dirt from your fingers to the piercing. Only twist and turn slightly while cleaning, as directed by your professional piercer.
- For example, you shouldn't twist, turn, or tug on nipple piercings at all. In fact, you shouldn't touch the piercing besides washing it gently in the shower, for several weeks.[8]
- Genital piercings are also extremely sensitive to tugging and irritation. You'll need to wait to have sex for 6-10 weeks after having the piercing done.[9]
- Keep your original piercing in for the directed amount of time. Changing out your jewelry too soon is a common mistake that many people make, and it can lead to infection and keep the piercing from healing properly. Make sure to follow your professional piercer's instructions for how long to keep the jewelry in.
- Monitor your piercing closely until it heals to prevent health risks. Many people ignore or forget to check for warning signs like redness, swelling, or more excessive discharge. Check your piercing once a day for any issues or concerns.
- Each body piercing will have a different healing time, so make sure you know how long you'll need to monitor the piercing. For example, above-the-lobe ear piercings generally take 12-16 weeks, belly buttons take 6-12 months, nipples take 6-8 weeks, noses take 12-24 weeks, and oral piercings take 6-8 weeks.[10]
- Call your doctor if you notice any major issues with your piercing. If you have a persistent infection or your piercing is causing you pain, call your doctor. Infections, if ignored, can worsen and even become life-threatening.
- For example, if you see a red streak across your nipple, this likely means your nipple is rejecting the piercing. Contact your doctor to see if you need to have the piercing removed.[11]
- If you notice any redness, inflammation, itching, or pain around your piercing, contact the piercing studio or your doctor for care instructions.
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