| How to Train Climbing Roses Posted: 03 Jul 2018 05:00 PM PDT Climbing roses come in all sizes, ranging from tall to or more. All of these roses need to be trained to climb, however, as they do not climb naturally. In order to train your roses, you'll need to tie the canes to a support and keep up with pruning. If you haven't installed a support or planted your roses yet, it's critical to choose the right location and position them correctly. EditTraining Your Roses onto Their Support - Tie the canes to the support without training the first year. When your rose plant starts to grow canes, or stems, long enough to reach your support, tie each of them to it with strips of a stretchy material, such as pantyhose. Hold each cane against the support naturally and make loose ties with of "give" so that the plant has enough airflow to grow properly.[1]
- Continue tying the canes every during the first year. After tying each cane to your support, tend to the plant as is until it grows another . Once you think the canes have grown about this far from the initial ties, measure the growth with measuring tape to be sure. Then, tie each cane as you did before, loosely to the support without forcing them in any specific direction.[2]
- Continue tying the canes each time they've grown past their most recent tie.
- Train the canes to grow horizontally during the second year. After your rose plant has had at least 1 year to establish itself and begin to grow naturally over the support, select the 4 or 5 most healthy, strong canes on the plant. Use strips of pantyhose to loosely tie these healthiest canes to the support, but this time tie them so that they're positioned as horizontally as possible across the support.
- As they grow, continue tying the canes horizontally at evenly spaced intervals.
- Positioning climbing roses horizontally encourages the growth of side shoots, or laterals, that extend from the main canes. This allows the plant to produce more flowers.[3]
- Prune your roses each spring. Once your rose plant is about 3 years old, you'll need to start pruning off old canes to promote growth. Each spring, after the first main flush of blooms, remove the ties on the old, gray, woody-looking canes and cut them off at the base with pruning shears. This is healthy for your plant because it helps to improve airflow and direct future growth.[4]
- In addition to removing dead, damaged, and diseased canes, you may also need to remove canes that cross and suckers that grow from below the graft union.[5]
- Don't prune your plant at all during its first 3 years of life.
- Train the remaining healthy canes. After removing all of the unhealthy canes, you should ideally have about 3 or 4 of the healthiest canes left. Once you've done this annual pruning, tie the remaining canes to the support loosely with strips of pantyhose. As the canes grow, continue tying them to the support horizontally at evenly spaced intervals.[6]
EditInstalling a New Support and Rose Plan - Decide on a location that's sunny, sheltered, and has good drainage. Roses grow best when they're exposed to 6 hours of sun daily and are protected from harsh elements, such as wind. They also need to be planted in soil that drains well, or else rotting may occur. Choose a location in your yard to install your support that meets these needs.[7]
- Select a support. Choose a trellis or other similar structure that your roses can climb on. The support must be large enough and sturdy enough to hold the climbing rose in wet and windy conditions at its mature height. Choose a support that encourages horizontal growth, such as a fence, over a support that allows vertical growth, such as a rose tower. Also, consider ease of access for pruning.[8]
- A smaller climbing rose will do fine with a support that's tall.
- A larger climber will require a large arbor, pergola, or other sturdy structure.
- Once a climbing rose is established, you won't be able to replace the support without severely damaging the plant. Try to purchase or build a support that will last for several decades.
- Install your support. Once you've decided on a support and a location, it's important that you secure your support to the ground. Anchor the base of the support with stakes to enhance its stability. If you're leaning your support against a wall, be sure to place the base at least away from the wall to allow proper airflow, and so that you'll be able to access the plant when doing necessary maintenance.[9]
- Dig a hole that's deep. Use measuring tape to measure away from the base of your support. Use a shovel to dig a hole that's deep and twice as wide as the plant's root spread. This is where you'll plant your roses.[10]
- Position the graft union below the soil line in cold climates. If you're planting in an area that has a cold winter climate, put the plant in the hole and position the graft union of the plant, or the bulge where the top and bottom of the plant meet, about below the soil level. Then, fill in the rest of the hole with soil. This should help to protect the plant from frost.[11]
- Place the graft union above the soil line in warm climates. If you're planting in an area that has a warmer climate, there's little risk of frost damage. Because of this, you can plant your rose plant with the bulging graft union slightly exposed. Fill your hole with some soil and place the plant in the hole so that the graft union is positioned just above the soil level.[12]
- Add mulch to the surface. Spread wood chips or cocoa bean hulls around the base of the rose plant, but be careful not to heap the mulch around the plant's trunk.[13] This should help the plant to retain water and also protect it from weeds.
- Water the root zone heavily twice a week. Roses respond much better to less frequent soakings than frequent sprinklings. Soak the soil around the base of your rose plant with water at least twice a week during the warm summer months and at most twice a week during the rest of the year.[14]
- While roses love water, they may die if they sit in it. Remember that good drainage is crucial for growth.
- Wrap your support in burlap during the winter. Your roses will be at risk throughout the winter if you don't do anything to protect them from the cold weather. To ensure that your roses have the best chance at staying alive and healthy, wrap the plant and the support in burlap and stuff the inside with straw.[15]
EditThings You'll Need - Support
- Pantyhose strips (or other stretchy material)
- Measuring tape
- Pruning shears
- Stakes
- Shovel
- Mulch
- Water
- Burlap
- Straw
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Set up a Fireworks Show Posted: 03 Jul 2018 09:00 AM PDT Putting on a fireworks show can be a great way to celebrate a holiday or a special occasion, but it takes a lot of planning in advance to make sure it's safe and fun for everyone. If you pick the right fireworks and pay close attention to firework safety and legality, though, you should be able to put on a spectacular fireworks show for your family and friends! EditChoosing Your Fireworks - Plan to spend about $150-$500 (£125 to £400) for a decent show. This should give you anywhere from 10-50 shells, depending on the ones you choose.[1]
- Try to vary your show with at least 3-4 different effects, such as a combination of peony bursts, brocades, and waterfalls, with a multi-effect cake for the finale.
- Choose quality over quantity. Fireworks can be expensive, but you'll have a more impressive show if you focus on a shorter show packed with exciting aerials rather than trying to stretch your budget into the longest show you can make. Choose shells that will make an impact on the crowd and which fire multiple shots rather than buying bottle rockets and Roman candles in bulk.
- Go with a peony shell for the most common fireworks burst. Peonies are the shells most people think about when they imagine a fireworks show. They produce a spherical break of colored stars and are especially striking when several are used in quick succession.[2]
- The cost of a peony averages about $25 USD.[3]
- Select a brocade shell for an umbrella pattern. Brocades trail sparks, which slowly cascade down in the shape of an umbrella. Use a combination of brocades and peonies for an eye-catching opening.[4]
- A 10-shot brocade shell starts at about $20 but can cost as much as $100 depending on the intensity and duration of the effects.
- Pick waterfall fireworks for a long-burning tail. Waterfall fireworks create, as the name suggests, a waterfall effect after the break. The stars only fall a short distance, but the effect can be breathtaking.[5]
- A waterfall firework should cost around $40 USD.
- Choose a crossette for a burst that crisscrosses. A crossette shoots several large stars which then break apart into smaller stars. This is accompanied by a loud crackling sound and creates a crisscross or grid pattern.[6]
- You can find multiple-shot crossettes starting at about $15-$20 USD.
- Purchase a set piece to display a word or shape. Set pieces usually burn for about a minute, and they really impress the crowd. They are available in a wide variety of patterns, shapes, and words, including flags,hearts, or corporate logos. You can use these to catch the audience's attention at the beginning, or you can incorporate it into your finale.[7]
- Since set pieces are usually custom-designed, these can cost several hundred dollars, but the impact is worth it if you have the room in your budget.
- Get cakes for multiple aerial effects that fire rapidly. Cakes can be a great way to create a dramatic grand finale, since they fire multiple shells in a short amount of time. The labels will describe the effects that the cake contains.[8]
- Cakes can range in price from $25 to over $150, depending on their size and the effects they produce.
EditGetting Ready for the Show - Check your local regulations to see which fireworks are allowed. Since fireworks can present a safety hazard, you might be prohibited from using certain kinds depending on where you live, or you may be required to purchase a permit.[9]
- For instance, although most states in the U.S. allow the use of consumer fireworks (also known as Class C or 1.4G), New Jersey prohibits the use of aerial fireworks and firecrackers.[10] Some cities don't allow any fireworks.
- You may also be limited on when you can use the fireworks. For instance, in Indiana, fireworks may not be used after 11:00 p.m. or before 9:00 a.m., except on holidays, when the time is extended to midnight.[11]
- Scout out your spot so you'll know how much room you have for the show. Fireworks should not come within of any overhead object, and your spectators should be located at least from your fireworks.[12]
- The minimum distance for spectators may vary depending on your location. For instance, in Missouri, the distance is 70 feet per inch (roughly 10 meters for every centimeter) of the internal mortar diameter of the largest shell you will be firing. In this case, a show closing with a mortar that is in diameter would require a spectator distance of [13]
- Make sure you pick a flat, open area that doesn't have any dry grass, dead leaves, nearby buildings, trees, or other fire hazards.[14]
- Write out a plan for the order of your show. Make sure anyone who will be helping you has a copy of the plan. For the most impact during your show, rotate your fireworks effects and plan for as few gaps as possible.[15]
- Most fireworks effects should be rotated at least every minute or so.
- Plan to only fire a few shells at a time. If you fire too many, the effects will be lost.
- Build or purchase a trough to hold your fireworks. A trough is a structure filled with sand or soft earth in which fireworks can be safely positioned. You can build your trough out of plywood or use large crates. Make sure your sand or dirt is free from any rocks or other items which can become dangerous during an explosion.[16]
- Reinforce or brace your trough with brackets or heavy lumber.
- Secure your trough with stakes or spikes, or use an A-frame to prevent it from tipping over.[17]
- If you have a lot of fireworks, you may need more than one trough. Measure the size of your trough, then create a rough drawing of how your fireworks will be spaced out. Use this to determine whether you will need more than one trough.
- Set up your fireworks during the day. Even though you'll want to put on your fireworks show after the sun has started to set, you should set up during the day to make sure you get everything exactly where you want it. This will help your show be safer and more accurate.
- Place your shells in the order and direction you want them to fire. Line up your shells in the order you want them to explode and bury them between halfway and two thirds deep in the sand, lined up in the order you want them to explode. This will help ensure they are stable enough to fire straight from the direction they are pointed. Make sure to leave the fuse uncovered.
- You may want to bury the shells so that they are slightly angled (about 15°) away from the crowd. You should never fire shells over the crowd's head, as sparks may fall to the ground and cause injury.[18]
- Read the label on each shell carefully so you will understand how far the fireworks will travel before they explode.
- Many fireworks have a "bury line" that will show you how deep to plant them in the sand.
- Separate shells by at least the same distance as their own diameter. For instance, if you have a shell that is in diameter, you will make sure that it is spaced at least from the next shell. Use the measurement of the larger shell to determine this.[19]
- Set up smaller fireworks in front and big items farthest from the audience. Your smaller fireworks will have the most impact if they're fired closer to your audience, while your larger ones should be given more room so they can be seen well.
- Make sure you are still allowing the minimum space required by your local laws between the fireworks and the audience.
- Connect your fireworks with a fuse. Whether you use light your fireworks by hand or with an electric detonator, you should connect your fireworks with long fuses. You can connect several shells to a single fuse, with the length of the fuse creating pauses between firings. You can purchase firework fuses online starting at $5 for a fuse.
- To determine how much fuse to use between fireworks, cut a piece of fuse and light one end. (Be sure you're nowhere near your shells when you do this.) Time how long it takes to burn all the way through, then use that as your guideline for spacing your fireworks.[20]
- To safely light your fireworks, use a long-handled lighter to ignite the fuse. Light only the very tip, then back away at least and wait until each firework is finished before you light the next one.[21]
- Use an electric detonator if you don't want to light the fuses by hand. Electric detonators are often used for larger displays as they offer precise control. You can purchase them where you buy high-end fireworks or at a hardware store that sells electrical equipment, and they can cost anywhere from $15 to $60 for a basic model, or as much as $200 for professional-grade detonators. Stand back about when you detonate the fuse.[22]
- Have plenty of water nearby. Fill several buckets with water and place them near the launch area, or purchase water fire extinguishers from a hardware store. Having plenty of water will be useful in case of a stray spark or for disposing misfired shells.[23]
- To make sure you can quickly reach the water if you need it, keep a large bucket at each corner of your display trough, or have one fire extinguisher on each side.
EditStaying Safe - Read the instructions on each shell so you know what it will do. Some shells might shoot into the air with a zig-zag, while others will shoot additional stars after a delay. Carefully read the label on each shell so you'll know exactly how it should behave.[24]
- Pay attention to the weather the day of the launch. No matter how excited you are about the show, safety should be your first concern. Wind can cause sparks from fireworks to behave erratically, potentially causing fires to nearby structures or injury to your audience. If the forecast calls for winds higher than 11-16 knots, or , you may want to take larger shells out of the show or reschedule it altogether.[25]
- You don't have to cancel your show because of light rain as long as you protected your fuses with plastic bags, but you might want to delay the show for the comfort of the crowd.
- Wear safety glasses and ear plugs during the launch. Anyone who will be near the launch area should wear protective gear to protect their eyes and ears. You might also want to wear fire-retardant clothing.[26]
- Have a few friends plan to stay close during the show in case you need help dousing out flames.
- If you do catch on fire, drop to the ground and roll to smother the flames.
- Keep spare charges or extra fuse away from the launch area. Stray sparks might ignite any extra charges or fuses you have on hand. Keep them at least from your mortar trough. Never keep charges or fuses in your pocket, as they could ignite and cause you serious injury.
- Do not attempt to relight fireworks that don't go off. Instead, wait for about 30 minutes, then douse them in water.[27]
- Get the audience's attention with a strong opening, but save your biggest effects for a memorable finale
- Leave some room in your budget for gear. If you're putting on a big show, you'll need wood for a mortar trough, plus tape, lighters, extra fuses, and transportation to and from the show. This can cost up to $100 USD.
- Use garbage bags or plastic wrap to cover fuses and protect them from rain or dew.
- Never give fireworks to small children.
- Do not drink alcohol or do any drugs before or during the show. Fireworks require accuracy and attention in order to be safely displayed.
- Don't shoot shells from metal or glass containers as they may explode.
- Don't allow smoking anywhere near the firing area.
- Never keep extra shells in your pockets.
- Do not fire any tubes with missing base plugs or which are split, bent, or bulging.[28]
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| How to Hide a Security Camera Outside Posted: 03 Jul 2018 01:00 AM PDT Installing outdoor security cameras are a great way to keep an eye on your property when you're not there. If there's a risk someone will destroy or damage the cameras, you may want to hide them. Fortunately, there are a variety of different products and methods you can use to obscure the appearance of your cameras. EditConcealing Your Camera - Place your camera inside of a birdhouse or bird feeder. Point your security camera so the lens is facing out of the small opening in the front of the birdhouse or feeder.[1]
- Point the feeder or house in the direction you want to monitor.
- Hide your camera in a bush or tree. Thick leaves and shrubbery can hide the appearance of a security camera. Place your camera inside of a bush or tree and check the camera's video feed to make sure that the lens isn't obscured.[2]
- Conceal your camera in a fake rock or garden gnome. You can purchase a hollowed out garden gnome or rock online. Use a drill bit that's as big as the lens on your camera and drill a hole in the fake rock or garden gnome. You can then place your camera inside of the fake rock or gnome and point the lens of the camera out of the hole.[3]
- You can also place the camera on the inside of a clay pot.
- Attach the camera to the inside of the object with electrical tape to hold it in place.
- Purchase a camera designed to look like a light fixture or doorbell. Some security cameras are designed to look like other things, like a light or doorbell. Look online for security or spy camera lights or lamps, and find one that fits your budget and need.[4]
- Put your camera inside of your mailbox. Hide your camera inside of your mailbox or the mailbox post. Drill a hole through the mailbox so that your camera can record what's happening outside of the mailbox.[5]
- Use PVC pipe to hide the wires on a wired camera. Leaving exposed or visible wires leading up to your camera will make the placement obvious to other people. If you plan on using a security camera that has wires, you need to dig a trench so that you can bury the PVC pipe that will house the wires.[6]
- You may need to install a metal conduit or PVC pipe to hide the wires from an elevated camera.
- Install a fake camera to take attention off your real camera. You can purchase a fake or "dummy" security camera online or at hardware stores. These will serve as a visible deterrent and will take attention off of your actual security cameras. Put these cameras in an area that people are able to see.[7]
- Fake security cameras are usually $10-$30 USD per camera.
EditPurchasing the Ideal Equipment - Buy a smaller sized security camera. Large bulky cameras will be harder to conceal in plain sight. The smaller your camera, the easier it will be to hide. When considering your options, look for cameras that are smaller in size.[8]
- Smaller sized cameras include the Netgear Arlo Pro, LG Smart Security Wireless Camera, and Nest Cam IQ.[9]
- Purchase a wireless security camera. Getting a wireless camera will prevent you from having to hide the wires that come with a wired camera. Wireless cameras are usually more expensive but will be much easier to hide.[10]
- Popular brands of wireless security cameras include the Netgear Arlo Q, Belkin Netcam HD+, and the Amazon Cloud Cam.[11]
- Buy a camera that uploads to cloud storage. Purchasing a camera that automatically uploads video to cloud storage will ensure that you won't lose important footage if your camera is tampered with or gets destroyed.
- Popular brands of security cameras that can upload to the cloud include the D-Link Day/Night Network Cloud Camera, Logitech Alert 750n Indoor Master System, and Netgear VueZone Video Monitoring System.[12]
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