| How to Fish in Freshwater Posted: 25 Jul 2018 05:00 PM PDT Freshwater fishing is a popular since it requires a simple tackle setup and you can fish from a variety of locations, like lakes, ponds, and rivers, as opposed to oceans. Before you grab your gear, think about what kind of fish you want to catch, like trout or bass. Be sure to check the weather to help you decide on a fishing spot.Then, attach a freshwater rig to your line, make your cast, and get ready to catch a big one! EditSelecting Your Gear - Select a rod around long to catch small fish. Look for rods made out of fiberglass or graphite. Small freshwater fish are classified by smaller species or shorter lengths of larger species, like large-mouth bass.[1]
- Smaller rods are often used to catch bluegill, bass, trout, and crappie.
- Go with a rod long to catch larger fish. Longer rods are better suited to catch larger freshwater fish because the extended length will help balance the weight of the fish. Select a rod made out of fiberglass or graphite to give your rod flexibility.[2]
- This is standard size for a fishing rod. Most beginners choose a size in between these lengths.
- Larger rods are popular if you are fishing for walleye, pike, trout, or bass.
- Use a bait-casting reel for casting larger lures over a long distance. You may be casting a lure from the shore of a lake to the center, or down a long river. Larger lures will also help you catch larger fish. These reels are also good to use with heavier lures.[3]
- Use an open or closed-bail spinning reel if you are using lighter lures. These are easy to use because they have a mechanical pickup that retrieves the line and an anti-reverse lever that prevents the crank handle from rotating while a fish is pulling.[4]
- Most beginners start with a medium or medium-light spinning reel.
- Size your hook based on the size of fish you hope to catch. Fishing hook sizes range from 32 to 1, with the larger the number, the smaller the hook. You can choose from 3 basic hook types: bait-cast, fly-cast, and bait and spin-cast lure hooks..[5]
- Use a smaller size hook (32-20) for smaller fish, and larger sized hooks (1-15) for larger fish
- You can determine the size of your hook by searching online or asking an employee at a local tackle shop.
- Specify your hook type based on different species of fish and fishing methods. For example, use a size 4 hook with a soft plastic lure to catch bass.
- Choose either live or artificial bait to catch freshwater fish. You can purchase bait at a tackle shop. For live bait, you can find your own as well. Live bail includes worms, minnows, crickets, or leeches. Artificial bait mimic fish's natural food, and they are often in the form of spinners, jigs, poppers, flies, and spoons.[6]
- To determine what kind of bait, research online to see what bait different fish prefer. For example, whitefish are often caught with a jig and a spoon.
- Grab your line and remaining tackle, like sinkers and floaters. Fishing line comes in many different weights based on strength. Sinkers are tackle that weigh down your bait to the bottom. Floaters hare small pieces of plastic that stay at the surface of the water, so you can keep track of your line. [7]
- Choose a test line.
- "Pound test" means the strength of the line.
- Try to match your pound test fishing line to the size of your rod and reel.
- Getting the right weight of line is important because if your line is too heavy, it may be visible under water, and if your line is too light, a fish may snap it.
- Buy a tackle box to put hold all your gear. Take your line, hooks, lures, and tackle, and put them in your tackle box so you are ready to go. It is helpful to pack extra hooks and scissors as well.
- Get a fishing license if you need one. Before you head out, look up the fishing laws in the area you are visiting. You may need to get get a resident, non-resident or a tourist license, depending on how long you plan on fishing.[8]
- You can get fishing licenses at hunting or sporting stores or online.
- In the United States and Canada, most states require a fishing license to catch freshwater fish, and you will be fined if you are caught fishing without a license.
EditChoosing When to Fish - Fish in between a new moon and a full moon for optimal catch times. Freshwater fish are influenced by the gravitational pull of the moon, much like all animals. Some fish have peak catching times based on the moon phases, particularly the full moon.[9]
- You can find out the moon phase by researching online. Visit sites like https://www.moongiant.com or refer to the Farmer's Almanac.
- Fish around the sunrise or the sunset to take advantage of feeding time. Fish tend to be the most active around sunrise and sunset, and this is when they primarily feed. They also are less active during the hot, muggy parts of the day, particularly in the summer.[10]
- Cast your line in the shallow waters if you're fishing in the spring. In the spring, the shallow waters warm up the fastest, and that warmth provides an attractive place for fish to swim and eat.[11]
- Aim for the middle of the lake during summertime. Because the water temperatures in summertime tend to be warm all around, fish prefer the deeper water in the summer. For best results, cast your line deep into the lake or river if you're fishing in summer.[12]
- Try different spots if you're fishing in the fall. Water temperatures fluctuate in the fall, so fish are often on the move at this time. Try a few different spots in the lake or river you're fishing in until you start getting some bites.[13]
EditMaking a Freshwater Rig - Use a clinch knot to attach your rig to your line. Run your line through your tackle, and create a small loop when you get to the end by bringing the end of the line towards your hook. Make 5 "S" twists around the line, and bring the end towards the hook. Push your knot through the first loop made near the eye (the loop you made before the "s" twists), and pull your knot tight.[14]
- Regardless of what kind of rig you make, you can tie a clinch knot for a secure hold.
- Make a basic bobber rig to easily identify your line in the water. Your rig is the way you assemble your hook, bait, lures, or other tackle. Weave your line through the hole in your bobber one time, and tie your hook to your line. This is a great rig for beginners.[15]
- Try a sliding sinker rig if you want to cast to the bottom. First, cut a piece of line. Tie a swivel to an end of the line and a hook to the other end. Slide a sinker onto your main line, and then run your main line through your swivel. Then, tie a knot to connect your separate line to your main line.[16]
- This is popular because you can fish from either shore or a boat and easily get your bait to the bottom of the water.
- Use a 3-way rig if you want to keep your bait off the bottom. Tie your main line to 1 eye of a swivel. Cut 2 lines, 1 about and the other about and tie them to the remaining 2 eyes of the swivel. Tie your hook to the longer added line, and then tie a sinker to the shorter added line.[17]
- This is recommended for river fishing or fishing in areas with a current.
- Do this to catch catfish, for example.
EditCatching Your Fish - Bait your hook with your artificial or live bait. Select one piece of bait, artificial or live, and pierce your bait with your hook. Pierce the hook several times through your bait so it will be securely attached to the hook. Try to hide the hook inside of your bait.[18]
- Store your artificial bait in your tackle box when not using it to fish.
- Bring your rod over your shoulder and flick it forward to make your cast. Press the release button and hold it down. With your dominant hand, lift your rod over your shoulder, and let go of the release button to release your line. Move the rod quickly and consistently to make your cast.[19]
- Fish tend to hang out where shallow water becomes deeper in lakes and rivers. Aim to cast in these locations to catch the most fish.
- Check behind you before you make your cast so you don't hit anyone!
- Wait patiently for a bite. Sometimes fish will bite right away if they are hungry, and other times you'll be waiting for a nibble for quite some time. You can cast your line again if you aren't getting any bites. Eat lunch while you wait, or talk to your fishing buddies.[20]
- If you put your rod down, make sure you can grab it quickly if a fish does bite. You don't want your big catch to run off with your gear!
- Set your hook when you feel something tug your line. When you feel a light tug or jerk, pull straight up on your rod. This is called "setting" your hook. You are piercing the fish's lip with your hook, and now you can reel it in.
- Reel in your fish quickly to bring in your catch. Crank your handle quickly and consistently so you don't lose your fish. Slow down a bit when you start to see the fish underneath the surface, so you can securely bring it on shore or onto your boat.
- Keep or release the fish, based on local laws. Identify the type of fish and review local laws regarding catching and releasing it. Many areas have different laws for all species of freshwater fish, based on sizing and population. You can unhook your fish and either bring it home for dinner or let it go.
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
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| How to Grow Cuttings from Established Plants Posted: 25 Jul 2018 09:00 AM PDT Not all plants have to be grown from a seed. If you have an existing plant that you like, you can grow a new plant from one of its branches. Growing a plant from a cutting will take a couple of weeks, but is fairly easy to do as long as you follow the right steps. First, you'll need to cut off a young stem with a new shoot, then you'll have to grow a new root system using a bottle of water or a porous soil mixture. Once the roots have formed, all you need to do is transplant the cutting to soil and wait for your new plant to grow. EditMaking the Cuts - Determine if your species of plant can grow from a cutting. Not all plants can grow from cuttings. Popular plants to grow from cuttings include rosemary, mint, basil, tomatoes, roses, English ivy, Chinese evergreen, and red and yellow dogwood plants. Check online or in a gardening guide to confirm that the plant you want to propagate can grow from cuttings.[1]
- Cut off a branch from the existing plant. Choose a healthy, disease-free branch from the top of the plant. Use gardening pruners and cut off the branch at its base.[2] Each cutting should be approximately long.[3]
- Look for a young, thin branch, ideally one with new growth or shoots on it. These will grow best when transplanted.
- Cut off big branches and 2/3 of leaves from the branch. Leaves and offshoot branches will inhibit new root growth, which is necessary to grow a plant from a cutting. Use your pruners to cut away offshoot branches and 2/3 of all the leaves on the cutting.[4]
- If the remaining leaves on the branch start to die while the roots are growing, it means that your new plant is dying.
- Cut the bottom of larger, woody branches on a 30-degree angle. Make an angled cut on the bottom of your cutting. This will help you remember which side is the bottom and will help you push the cutting into soil later. If you are growing herbs, you can skip this step.[5]
- Decide whether to grow your cutting in water or soil. The roots of larger plants with thick woody branches are known as hardwood cuttings and grow better in soil. Smaller herbs like basil, mint, and rosemary can initially be grown in water. Choose the method that best applies to your situation.[6]
- You can use the soil method for herbaceous and hardwood cuttings.
EditUsing the Soil Method - Scrape off the bark on the bottom of hardwood cuttings. Scrape off the top layer of bark near the bottom of your cutting with your pruners. Make sure not to cut too deep or you may damage the branch. Doing this will help the roots grow at the base of the new plant. If you are planting herb cuttings, you can skip this step.[7]
- Dab the end of the cutting in a root hormone, if desired. Purchase a gel or powder root hormone from a gardening store or online. Dabbing the bottom of the cutting into the hormone may speed up growth.[8]
- Transplant your cutting into a pot filled with a potting medium. The porosity of sand and perlite makes it a great medium to grow cuttings. You can also use a potting soil mixed with perlite or vermiculite. Push a pencil into the soil to create a hole for your cutting, then place the bottom half of the cutting into the soil.[9]
- Purchase a potting medium at a gardening or hardware store.
- Use a pot that has drainage holes in the bottom of it.
- Water the medium thoroughly. Thoroughly saturate the soil so that it's completely wet. Your new cutting will require a lot of water initially before roots begin to form.[10]
- The soil should not pool on the top of your pot. If it does, it means you aren't using the right potting soil or your pot doesn't have drainage holes.
- Secure a plastic bag over the top of the pot. Tape or tie a plastic bag over the top of the pot, making sure that the bag doesn't touch the plant. This will increase the humidity around the cutting and will encourage growth.[11]
- Wait for 2-3 weeks for roots to form. Keep the cutting in a bright area, but away from direct sunlight. In 2-3 weeks, roots should have formed on the bottom of the cutting. Carefully feel under the cutting with your fingers to see if roots have started growing. If they have not developed, you'll have to make another cutting and restart the process.[12]
- Transplant the cutting once roots have formed. Once roots have grown out of the bottom of the cutting, it's ready to be moved to its permanent growing location. Use a small gardening shovel and dig around the cutting, making sure not to sever any of the new roots. Extract the plant from the pot and put it into new soil.[13]
EditGrowing Cuttings in Water - Place the end of the cutting in a root hormone if desired. Root hormone can promote the growth of a new plant. Purchase either the gel or powder form of the hormone from a department or gardening store and dip the bottom end of the cutting in the hormone.[14]
- Do not inhale powdered root hormone.
- Place the cutting into a bottle of water for up to 2 weeks. Place the bottom of the cutting into a bottle or glass of water. Over the span of a week or 2, new roots should start to grow out of the bottom of your cutting.[15]
- Transplant your cutting to soil after roots start to develop. Take your plant out of the water and place the bottom of the cutting into well-ventilated soil like perlite or vermiculite. Keep the cutting in a dark place for 2-3 days so that the plant doesn't have to expend energy on photosynthesis.[16]
- Place the plant in a sunny area and water it, if necessary. If you are growing your plant inside, you should water it every 2-3 days. If you are keeping it outside, make sure to put it in an area that gets adequate sunlight. Look in a gardening guide or online to find the proper way to maintain your new plant.
EditThings You'll Need EditMaking the Cuts EditSoil Method - Pruners
- Root hormone (optional)
- Sand and perlite potting mix
- Plastic bag
- Rubber band or string
- Gardening Shovel
EditCuttings in Water - Root hormone (optional)
- Bottle or glass
- Water
- Potting soil
- Perlite
- Gardening shovel
- If the leaves die on your cutting or roots haven't grown in 2-4 weeks, you'll need to take a new cutting and start the process over.
EditSources and Citations EditQuick Summary
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| How to Do Space Buns Posted: 25 Jul 2018 01:00 AM PDT Space buns are a popular trend from the 90s that look like two buns on the top of your head. While they are not exactly the same as the iconic buns worn by Princess Leia in Star Wars, you can use the techniques in this wikiHow to recreate a similar look. Once you know how to do basic space buns, you can try different variations, such as half-up space buns or even braided space buns! EditCreating Basic Space Buns - Brush your hair, then part it down the middle. Comb your hair until it is smooth and free of any knots or tangles. Use the handle of a rat-tail comb to create a part running down the center of your head, from forehead to nape.[1]
- Create 2 pigtails. You can make them high on the top of your head, or you can make them low on either side of your nape. Smooth down the hair going into the pigtails so that they are nice and neat. Secure the pigtails with hair ties that match your hair color.[2]
- Consider leaving some strands around your forehead loose for a softer touch.[3]
- Tease your pigtails if you want more volume. Lift up your first pigtail and run a comb through it a few times, starting at the tips and finishing at the hair tie. Repeat this for the second pigtail too. This is a great idea if you have thin hair; it will make your hair appear thicker and give you larger space buns in the end.[4]
- Alternatively, you can wrap 3-comb hair extensions around the base of your pigtails instead. This will help give you a little more volume.[5]
- Twist your first pigtail into a rope. Take 1 of your pigtails, and twist it away from your face to create a rope. The tighter you twist the rope, the sleeker and smaller your bun will turn out.[6]
- Coil the rope into a bun, then secure it with a hair tie. Wrap the rope around the base of the pigtail. Make sure that you wrap it away from your face, not towards. Tuck the end of your hair under the bun, then wrap another hair tie around the base of the bun.[7]
- Repeat the process for the second bun. Twist the second pigtail into a rope, then coil it into a bun. Tuck the ends of the rope under the bun, then secure it with a hair tie.
- Touch up your buns as desired. Here is where you can get really creative. If you want to make the buns messier or more voluminous, gently tug on the outer edges to loosen the strands.[8] For even more volume, you can gently tug on the hair going into the buns to loosen it up. Focus on the hair on the top and sides of your head.[9]
- If you left strands out of your buns, consider straightening them with a flat iron. Give them a wispier look by curving the iron towards your face rather than straight down.[10]
- Mist the space buns with hairspray. If the buns feel loose, secure them with bobby pins; use as many bobby pins as you need. Once you are happy with your style, mist it with hairspray, then let the hairspray dry.[11]
EditDoing Half-Up Space Buns - Brush your hair, then create a center part. Comb your hair so that it is nice and smooth. Use the handle of a rat-tail comb to create a part in the middle of your head. Start the part at your forehead and finish it at the nape. Drape the left half of your hair over your left shoulder, and the right half over the right.
- Pull 1 half of your hair into a loose bun to keep it out of the way. Take the right half of your hair, and secure it with a hair tie. You can do a loose bun or even a pigtail. It does not matter; the goal is to keep this half of your hair out of the way while you work on the other side.
- Create a half-up ponytail on the left side of your head. Create a horizontal part on the left side of your head at about eyebrow level. Start the part at your hairline and finish it at the center part in the back of your head. Pull the hair above the part into a high ponytail and secure it with a hair tie.[12]
- Instead of making the ponytail in the back-center of your head, make it on the top-side of your head, sort of like a puppy ear.
- Tease your ponytail, if desired. You are working with less hair than when creating a basic space bun, so it would be a good idea to tease your ponytail a little. Simply lift strands of your ponytail, then backcomb it towards the hair tie with a brush.[13]
- Twist the ponytail into a bun, then secure it with a hair tie. Twist the ponytail away from your face to create a rope first. Next, coil the rope around the base of the ponytail to make a bun. Tuck the ends of the rope under the bun, then wrap a hair tie around the base.[14]
- The tighter you twist, the smaller and sleeker the space bun will turn out.
- Undo the temporary bun from on the other side and repeat the process. Go back to the right side of your head and undo the loose, temporary bun you created earlier. Create another half-up ponytail, tease it, then wrap it into a bun. Secure the bun with another hair tie.
- Tease the rest of your hair, if desired. You don't have to do this, but it's a great way to complete the vintage 90s look.[15] Alternatively, if you made your buns nice and sleek, you could straighten the rest of your hair instead.
- For even more volume, pull on the hair going into the buns to loosen it up. Focus on the sides and top of your head.[16]
- It's okay if the part in the back-center of your head goes away at this point. You don't need it anymore.
- Make any finishing touches, then mist the space buns with hairspray. If the buns feel loose, secure them to your hair with bobby pins. Once you are happy with the overall look, lightly mist your hair with hairspray. Let the hairspray dry before setting out.
EditMaking Braided Space Buns - Brush your hair, then part it down the middle. Brush out your hair so that it is nice and smooth. Part it down the middle from forehead to nape with the handle of a rat-tail comb.
- Pull your hair into 2 pigtails and secure them with hair ties. Here is where you can get really creative. You can do 2 high pigtails at the top of your head, or you can do 2 low pigtails at the base of your nape. You can even position the pigtails on the sides of your head, just above your ears for a Princess Leia-inspired look!
- If you want something more intricate, try half-up pigtails instead!
- Braid the pigtails and secure them with clear hair elastics. Split the first pigtail into 3 equal strands, then cross the left and right strands over the middle strand to create the braid. Once you run out of hair, wrap a clear hair elastic around the end of the braid to secure it. Repeat this step for the other pigtail too.
- For a more unique look, try a 2-strand rope braid instead. This works especially well for natural hair.[17]
- Pull on the outer loops of the braids to volumize them, if desired. You don't have to do this, but it's a great way to add volume to your hair, especially if it is very thin. Starting from the bottom of the braid, gently tug on the outer loops until you reach the top, then do the other braid too.[18]
- Skip this step if you made a 2-strand rope braid.
- Don't pull too hard, or the braid will come undone.
- Wrap the braids into buns and secure then with hair ties. Pick up the left braid, and wrap it around the the hair tie to create a bun. Tuck the end of the braid under the bun, then wrap another hair tie around the base of the bun. Repeat this step for the other braid.
- Do not twist the braids into a rope like you would with a standard bun.
- Touch up your hair as needed, then mist it with hairspray. If the buns feel loose, secure them along the side edges to the rest of your hair; use as many bobby pins as you need. Once you are happy with the way your space buns look, mist them with hairspray, then let the hairspray dry.
- If you did braided half-up buns, consider straightening the rest of your hair for a sleeker look.
- You can make the space buns as neat and sleek, or as loose and messy as you want.
- Add some streaks to your hair with hair chalk before you begin for a more colorful touch.
- If you have very short hair, try doing sock buns or using a doughnut bun maker instead.
EditThings You'll Need EditCreating Basic Space Buns - Brush
- Rat-tail comb
- 4 hair ties
- Bobby pins
- Hairspray
EditDoing Half-Up Space Buns - Brush
- Rat-tail comb
- 4 hair ties
- Bobby pins
- Hairspray
EditMaking Braided Space Buns - Brush
- Rat-tail comb
- 4 hair ties
- 2 clear hair elastics
- Bobby pins
- Hairspray
EditSources and Citations
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