| How to Raise Body Positive Kids Posted: 14 Nov 2016 04:00 PM PST It's important for parents to start setting positive models of relating to one's body when a child is young. Children develop body image early in childhood, and much of their perception is influenced by family and culture.[1] Set a good example for your children and take opportunities to educate them about health and the influence of the media. EditCommunicating Healthy Body Image in the Family - Be a role model. Whether they show it or not, your children watch and mimic you. Set a good example by valuing healthy foods, exercise, and a positive attitude toward your body.[2] If you're trying to lose weight, don't obsess about it in front of your child. Instead, stress the importance of being healthy and physically fit.
- Avoid criticizing your own body. Your children may see this as normal activity and begin to mimic these behaviors. Kids that believe their mothers don't like their bodies end up not liking their own bodies.[3]
- Avoid negatively commenting on your child's body. Avoid mentioning your child's weight or other features of his or her body in a negative light. If you're concerned about the child's level of fitness, sign the child up for activities like gymnastics, martial arts, or dance. Or, offer to take a walk together each day as a way to spend time together and exercise.[4]
- If your child has a birthmark or other physical attribute that makes him or her different, don't encourage shame or embarrassment. Say, "This is something that makes you different, and different is okay."
- Provide compliments. Praise your child for having a beautiful smile, shining eyes, or a great fashion sense in clothes. More importantly, compliment character traits such as strength, perseverance, honesty, compassion, and harmony. Build up your child positively so that he or she can see the self in a positive light.[5]
- Remind your kids of who they are. A person's body and appearance are but one facet of the self. Remind your children that who they are extends beyond looks; it includes the things they are learning, the things they excel at, and how they treat people.[6]
- If your child begins to complain about his or her body, remind your child of the positive qualities, such as kindness, generosity, and playfulness.
- Demystify body changes. Especially as a child approaches puberty, it's important to take away the fear or mysticism about bodily changes. Talk to your child about the changes he or she can anticipate in the body. Listen to any fears he or she may have, such as being abnormal, feeling different because his or her body changed faster than other kids' or hasn't changed at all. Normalize the feelings and the changes in the body.[7]
- Make sure you listen to your child. Show that you care by hearing the child out, not interrupting or just offering information.
- Have a healthy home. Look around your house and ask, "What contributes to a healthy body image? What doesn't?" Look through your magazines, beauty products, or supplements. Do you have any diet products or fad items to lose weight? Ask yourself what products and images align with your values of body positive attitudes.[8]
- If you have magazines or products that deter from a healthy body image, toss them. Don't allow them to influence your child negatively.
EditIntegrating Positive Perceptions of Body Image - Don't ignore negative comments from your child. If your child says something negative about his or her body, don't ignore it or brush it off. Instead, discuss it. Ask your child why he or she is concerned about the body, and why it matters. Talk about why your child feels this way.[9]
- If your child says a comment about being fat, ask him why he thinks this way. Who told him? Should he believe this person? Why or why not? Is it important what this person thinks? What does your child think?
- Help kids work through negative comments. If your child experiences criticism about his or her looks, help put it in perspective.[10] Help your child work through hurt feelings, then examine the comment further. Brainstorm how to handle comments in the future and how to stick up for other kids that may experience similar comments.
- If your child gets teased at school for her weight, assure your child that this was a mean comment and provide comfort for her. With your child, ask why some people say mean things. Then, together think of things she can respond with in the future, or how to respond to defending someone else. Teach your child to express what is hurtful in the statement. Teach your child to say to a bully, "It's wrong to tease someone and it can hurt their feelings. Whether you like the way someone looks or not doesn't change who that person is, and reflects more about you being mean than who the other person. is."
- Teach about the media. Teach your children that celebrities are paid to look a certain way and not everyone looks like them. Show your children that magazines often use airbrushing and editing to make people look flawless. Remind them that comparing their bodies to those of celebrities is silly, and that photo editing is often used to sell products.[11] Remind kids that celebrities and professional athletes have teams of people to help them look and perform a certain way.
- Athletes often have special trainers and nutritionists to help keep their bodies in optimal shape. Celebrities sometimes change their bodies for certain roles they play for a movie or tv show. These people pay others to help them maintain their image, which is unrealistic for most people.[12]
- Look for alternative media. Encourage media that displays positive body image. Avoid tv shows, magazines, movies, and music that are not body positive.[13] If something comes along, take the opportunity to talk about it with your child. Ask your child why it's harmful to show this kind of behavior on tv or in a magazine. Ask what kind of effect it can have on people, and how that can be harmful.
- If you have a young child, it's harder to have these discussions. Instead, simply say, "I don't like this program because it hurts how women see their bodies. I'm going to change the channel."
- Emphasize different body shapes. Don't allow children to think there is one "ideal" body shape. Remind kids that every body is different, and those differences are okay.[14] Look at people that deviate from the "ideal" image, and talk about how they influence society positively. Instead of looking at images of celebrities, talk about people with roles in government, religion, environmental groups, and health organizations, and discuss how their bodies don't affect their ability to do good work.
- If your child likes to play with dolls, let your child play with toys that celebrate body diversity. Choose dolls with different body size, skin color, hair color, eye color, and hair texture.
- Take a look around your community and notice how different people look: people have different eye colors, hair colors, hair textures and lengths, clothing styles, skin colors, and body shapes. Remind your kids that these differences are okay.
- Remind your children that their bodies have changed a lot since they were babies, and all their changes are okay. As their bodies continue to grow, these changes are okay, too.
EditHelping Children View Exercise and Nutrition Positively - Educate your kids about health. Do some research and inform your children about the benefits of good health. You can talk about nutrition, exercise, sleep, and stress reduction. Remind them that some "skinny" people may be unhealthy, while some with "bigger bodies" may have a healthy lifestyle.[15]
- Health relates to lots of things outside of what one's body looks like. When talking about health, stress the importance of sleep, relaxation, and having healthy friendships.
- Avoid labelling foods as "good" or "bad". Moderation is the key to good health. Instead of labelling cookies, cake, and brownies as "bad", encourage kids to moderate their intakes and feed overall balanced meals.[16] If a child begins to fear food or associates food as "bad" or a "fat food", it may either bring on more temptation or make a child rigid in his or her eating habits.
- Rigid views of food are often associated with eating disorders.[17]
- Make physical activity fun. Stress to children that exercise is a fun activity, not a way to lose weight.[18] Exercise is a way to have fun and move one's body, and should be experienced in a positive light. Involve children in activities that the child wants to do, such as soccer, gymnastics, dance, skiing, running, or jumping on the trampoline.
- The more the child looks forward to the activity and enjoys it, the better the association is for enjoying exercise.
- Integrate health into your family life. Include nutritious food and healthy living as part of family life. Provide nutritious meals and snacks at home, and encourage all family members to engage in physical activity like team sports or exercise. Having the whole family participate makes the child feel less isolated and also encouraged healthy habits for all.[19]
- Get in the habit of eating dinner together each night. It's a great opportunity to sit down, eat nutritious food, and communicate as a family.
- Monitor concerns regarding weight. If your child is exhibiting signs of an eating disorder or body dysmorphia such as a preoccupation with weight, food restriction, talking about being fat or unattractive, or purging after meals, intervene. Reflect on and change any habits you have that may reinforce the behavior (like talking about your weight or problems with your body in front of your child). Promote positive self-esteem in your child and encourage your child to find healthy outlets for his or her emotions, like listening to music, going for a walk, or meditating.[20]
- Eating disorders can affect both physical and emotional health, and it's important to seek medical and psychological care. Take your child to a therapist to discuss emotional problems, and also take your child to the pediatrician to monitor health.
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| How to Leash Train a Cat Posted: 14 Nov 2016 08:00 AM PST Teaching a cat to walk on a leash allows an indoor cat safe access to the great outdoors. Leash training can also be a good stepping stone if you eventually want to help your cat go outside unattended. When teaching your cat to go outside with a leash, it's important for you to remember that the outdoors can initially seem overwhelming to a cat used to the indoors. Be sympathetic and patient if your cat at first seems alarmed or panicked. It will take time for your cat to feel comfortable with wearing a harness and going outside, so take things slowly and reward your cat with ample praise and lots of treats. Read on to learn how to get your cat safely out and exploring. EditChoosing a Harness - Take your cat's measurements. In order to go walking outdoors with you, your cat will need a well-fitted harness--never use a leash and collar.[1] If you're walking your cat with a collar and the cat bolts--which cats are very likely to do--the collar can damage the cat's windpipe, voice box, and ability to swallow. A harness will distribute the force of restraint between the cat's shoulders, chest, and belly, making it less likely your cat will get injured.
- To get your cat's harness measurements, measure around the girth around your cat's chest, just behind the front legs and note it down. Bring the measurement with you when you go to buy the harness.
- Choose a harness. Most cat harnesses are made with adjustable straps designed to fit either kittens or adult cats and are made of either nylon or neoprene. Some harnesses may come in sub-sizes based on your cat's specific measurements.
- The harness should be fitted to your cat's body and should neither squeeze or cut into your cat or hang loosely off its body. If it's fitted properly, you should just be able to fit two fingers under the harness when you put it on your cat.
- Never use a harness as a restraint for car rides--cat harnesses aren't designed to protect cats in the event of a car accident.
- Choose a leash. Cats have different leash needs than dogs, so choose an appropriate leash carefully.
- Some manufacturers make lighter-weight leashes designed specifically for cats, as cats are generally lighter and less forceful than dogs.[2]
- Bungee leashes are ideal for cats because they provide enough stretch to let your cat safely wander a bit.
- Avoid using retractable leashes (commonly sold for dogs) with a cat, as the leash is ill-suited to and can injure a cat.[3]
EditAllowing Your Cat to Adjust to the Harness - Put your cat in its harness for short periods of time. Before you'll be able to take your cat outside, you'll first need to get it accustomed to wearing its harness.
- Start by putting your cat in its harness for short periods of time every day for several days. Initially, put the harness on for just a few minutes, then increase the length of time each day for several days.[4]
- Give your cat treats and lots of praise while putting on the harness and while your cat walks around wearing the harness.[5]
- You want your cat to eventually feel comfortable moving around the house in its harness, ideally to the point that it doesn't pay any mind to the harness.[6]
- Attach the leash. Once your cat has become comfortable with its harness, begin attaching the leash to the harness.
- At first, allow the leash to trail behind your cat. Encourage the cat to walk around with the leash attached by offering treats and lots of praise.
- Practice walking with the harness and leash. Once your cat has become comfortable having the leash trail behind it, pick up the leash and again encourage your cat to walk around--this time with you holding the leash.[7]
- Offer your cat its favorite treats and lots of praise as it begins to walk around. Try not to yank or drag the cat along as you go--let the cat move about of its own volition.
EditHelping Your Cat Go Outdoors - Start slowly. Don't force your cat to go outdoors. The prospect of going outside can be quite intimidating to some cats, so if your cat is reluctant to follow you out, don't insist.[8]
- If your cat is unsure about going out, just leave the door open so it can get its bearings and take its time. If your cat doesn't want to venture out, try again another day and be patient--it may take time.
- Help your cat venture outdoors. Once your cat is ready to make its way outside, follow behind and offer encouragement with treats and praise.[9]
- Keep the trip short--about five minutes. Any longer and your cat may become overwhelmed and be less willing to go outside again in the future.[10]
- Wait for a dry day to go outside. If it's raining or has recently rained, many of the normal scents your cat would use to navigate will have been washed away and your cat may have difficulty getting its bearings.
- Take your cat out regularly. Gradually increase the length of time you allow your cat to stay outside and make outside trips part of your cat's regular routine.
- As your cat becomes more comfortable outside, allow it to wander farther from you if it chooses. Follow at the distance that the leash allows.
- Remember that a cat will behave differently than a dog. Don't expect your cat to happily trot along beside you on a walk because it very probably won't. Leash training a cat is primarily to allow a cat to go outdoors in a safe and controlled way, not about training your cat to be a substitute dog.
- Cats are naturally cautious animals and are likely to bolt if faced with unfamiliar stimuli. When you take your cat outside, be prepared for it to try to run and hide. Keep a firm hold on the leash and stay close, offering treats and lots of praise as encouragement.
- Vaccination is mandatory when taking your cat outside (and is highly advisable even if your cat always stays indoors). Diseases such as cat distemper are spread by viruses that can lie dormant in the environment for weeks, so a cat doesn't need to have direct contact with an infected cat to pick up infection or illness. Talk to your veterinarian about which vaccines are recommended in your area.[11]
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