Friday, December 30, 2016

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How to Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder

Posted: 30 Dec 2016 04:00 PM PST

According to a survey by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), around 49% of dogs show a fear of loud noises, including fireworks or thunderstorms.[1] Unfortunately, many owners accidentally reinforce their dog's anxiety by petting or fussing over the dog when it is anxious. This action tells the dog that they are doing the right thing to act afraid and the petting reinforces the fearful behavior.[2] In the short term there are strategies that can help decrease the dog's' fear, and in the long term you can attempt to desensitize the dog to loud noises so that it is no longer so fearful.

EditSteps

EditUsing Short-Term Strategies

  1. Minimize the stimulation. Insulate your dog from the bright lights and loud noises of storms and fireworks. Bring the dog indoors, and close all windows and doors. Draw the curtains so the dog can't see the flashes. If appropriate (not during an electrical storm) put the TV on with the volume low, to act as a distraction. Remember to act normally and go about your normal business so as to send out the message that everything is OK and you aren't worried.[3]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 1.jpg
  2. Give the dog a safe place to hide. A fearful dog instinctively wants to hide. If the dog chooses to go to ground and hide under a bed or behind a sofa then let it. You may wish to provide additional security by laying a blanket over the edge of the bed to provide additional sound insulation.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 2.jpg
    • If the dog is crate trained, it may wish to go to its crate. Cover most of the crate with a thick blanket so that it is even more cave-like and secure than normal. Place something with your scent on it inside the crate to add to the dog's feelings of security.[4]
    • If your dog is not crate trained then consider doing so as part of your strategy for helping him overcome this fear.
  3. Use pheromones. When a lot of fireworks are anticipated plug-in DAP diffuser in your house beforehand. These devices give off a synthetic dog pheromone that makes dogs feel safe and secure. The diffusers help to give an anxious dog heightened feelings of security, and can diffuse some of its anxiety.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 3.jpg
  4. Put a Thundershirt on the dog. These work by fitting the dog snugly and pressing against its body. This is akin to swaddling a young baby, which gives a sense of security and safety. For some dogs it takes the edge off of the anxiety and helps to bolster their confidence.[5]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 4.jpg
  5. Consider using medications. Some dogs are so fearful they try to escape, harm themselves, or lose control of their bladder or bowels. If your dog has this type of extreme anxiety then get it checked by your vet. If there is no medical explanation for the dog's extreme fear, then the vet may be able to prescribe medications to calm the dog during the event.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 5.jpg
    • There is no one drug that is perfect, but one useful combination is diazepam and propranolol. Diazepam is a tranquilizer, which lessens the feelings of anxiety, while propranolol is a beta blocker, which prevents the heart from racing. This combination helps to keep the animal relaxed during a scary event.[6]
    • Acepromazine (ACP) sedates the dog but it still experiences the fear. So externally the dog seems improved, but it is still fearful. This is why this drug has fallen out of favor.===Using Short-Term Strategies===
  6. Minimize the stimulation. Insulate your dog from the bright lights and loud noises of storms and fireworks. Bring the dog indoors, and close all windows and doors. Draw the curtains so the dog can't see the flashes. If appropriate (not during an electrical storm) put the TV on with the volume low, to act as a distraction. Remember to act normally and go about your normal business so as to send out the message that everything is OK and you aren't worried.[7]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 1.jpg
  7. Give the dog a safe place to hide. A fearful dog instinctively wants to hide. If the dog chooses to go to ground and hide under a bed or behind a sofa then let it. You may wish to provide additional security by laying a blanket over the edge of the bed to provide additional sound insulation.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 2.jpg
    • If the dog is crate trained, it may wish to go to its crate. Cover most of the crate with a thick blanket so that it is even more cave-like and secure than normal. Place something with your scent on it inside the crate to add to the dog's feelings of security.[8]
    • If your dog is not crate trained then consider doing so as part of your strategy for helping him overcome this fear.
  8. Use pheromones. When a lot of fireworks are anticipated plug-in DAP diffuser in your house beforehand. These devices give off a synthetic dog pheromone that makes dogs feel safe and secure. The diffusers help to give an anxious dog heightened feelings of security, and can diffuse some of its anxiety.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 3.jpg
  9. Put a Thundershirt on the dog. These work by fitting the dog snugly and pressing against its body. This is akin to swaddling a young baby, which gives a sense of security and safety. For some dogs it takes the edge off of the anxiety and helps to bolster their confidence.[9]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 4.jpg
  10. Consider using medications. Some dogs are so fearful they try to escape, harm themselves, or lose control of their bladder or bowels. If your dog has this type of extreme anxiety then get it checked by your vet. If there is no medical explanation for the dog's extreme fear, then the vet may be able to prescribe medications to calm the dog during the event.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 5.jpg
    • There is no one drug that is perfect, but one useful combination is diazepam and propranolol. Diazepam is a tranquilizer, which lessens the feelings of anxiety, while propranolol is a beta blocker, which prevents the heart from racing. This combination helps to keep the animal relaxed during a scary event.[10]
    • Acepromazine (ACP) sedates the dog but it still experiences the fear. So externally the dog seems improved, but it is still fearful. This is why this drug has fallen out of favor.===Using Short-Term Strategies===
  11. Minimize the stimulation. Insulate your dog from the bright lights and loud noises of storms and fireworks. Bring the dog indoors, and close all windows and doors. Draw the curtains so the dog can't see the flashes. If appropriate (not during an electrical storm) put the TV on with the volume low, to act as a distraction. Remember to act normally and go about your normal business so as to send out the message that everything is OK and you aren't worried.[11]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 1.jpg
  12. Give the dog a safe place to hide. A fearful dog instinctively wants to hide. If the dog chooses to go to ground and hide under a bed or behind a sofa then let it. You may wish to provide additional security by laying a blanket over the edge of the bed to provide additional sound insulation.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 2.jpg
    • If the dog is crate trained, it may wish to go to its crate. Cover most of the crate with a thick blanket so that it is even more cave-like and secure than normal. Place something with your scent on it inside the crate to add to the dog's feelings of security.[12]
    • If your dog is not crate trained then consider doing so as part of your strategy for helping him overcome this fear.
  13. Use pheromones. When a lot of fireworks are anticipated plug-in DAP diffuser in your house beforehand. These devices give off a synthetic dog pheromone that makes dogs feel safe and secure. The diffusers help to give an anxious dog heightened feelings of security, and can diffuse some of its anxiety.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 3.jpg
  14. Put a Thundershirt on the dog. These work by fitting the dog snugly and pressing against its body. This is akin to swaddling a young baby, which gives a sense of security and safety. For some dogs it takes the edge off of the anxiety and helps to bolster their confidence.[13]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 4.jpg
  15. Consider using medications. Some dogs are so fearful they try to escape, harm themselves, or lose control of their bladder or bowels. If your dog has this type of extreme anxiety then get it checked by your vet. If there is no medical explanation for the dog's extreme fear, then the vet may be able to prescribe medications to calm the dog during the event.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 5.jpg
    • There is no one drug that is perfect, but one useful combination is diazepam and propranolol. Diazepam is a tranquilizer, which lessens the feelings of anxiety, while propranolol is a beta blocker, which prevents the heart from racing. This combination helps to keep the animal relaxed during a scary event.[14]
    • Acepromazine (ACP) sedates the dog but it still experiences the fear. So externally the dog seems improved, but it is still fearful. This is why this drug has fallen out of favor.===Using Short-Term Strategies===
  16. Minimize the stimulation. Insulate your dog from the bright lights and loud noises of storms and fireworks. Bring the dog indoors, and close all windows and doors. Draw the curtains so the dog can't see the flashes. If appropriate (not during an electrical storm) put the TV on with the volume low, to act as a distraction. Remember to act normally and go about your normal business so as to send out the message that everything is OK and you aren't worried.[15]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 1.jpg
  17. Give the dog a safe place to hide. A fearful dog instinctively wants to hide. If the dog chooses to go to ground and hide under a bed or behind a sofa then let it. You may wish to provide additional security by laying a blanket over the edge of the bed to provide additional sound insulation.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 2.jpg
    • If the dog is crate trained, it may wish to go to its crate. Cover most of the crate with a thick blanket so that it is even more cave-like and secure than normal. Place something with your scent on it inside the crate to add to the dog's feelings of security.[16]
    • If your dog is not crate trained then consider doing so as part of your strategy for helping him overcome this fear.
  18. Use pheromones. When a lot of fireworks are anticipated plug-in DAP diffuser in your house beforehand. These devices give off a synthetic dog pheromone that makes dogs feel safe and secure. The diffusers help to give an anxious dog heightened feelings of security, and can diffuse some of its anxiety.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 3.jpg
  19. Put a Thundershirt on the dog. These work by fitting the dog snugly and pressing against its body. This is akin to swaddling a young baby, which gives a sense of security and safety. For some dogs it takes the edge off of the anxiety and helps to bolster their confidence.[17]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 4.jpg
  20. Consider using medications. Some dogs are so fearful they try to escape, harm themselves, or lose control of their bladder or bowels. If your dog has this type of extreme anxiety then get it checked by your vet. If there is no medical explanation for the dog's extreme fear, then the vet may be able to prescribe medications to calm the dog during the event.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 5.jpg
    • There is no one drug that is perfect, but one useful combination is diazepam and propranolol. Diazepam is a tranquilizer, which lessens the feelings of anxiety, while propranolol is a beta blocker, which prevents the heart from racing. This combination helps to keep the animal relaxed during a scary event.[18]
    • Acepromazine (ACP) sedates the dog but it still experiences the fear. So externally the dog seems improved, but it is still fearful. This is why this drug has fallen out of favor.===Using Short-Term Strategies===
  21. Minimize the stimulation. Insulate your dog from the bright lights and loud noises of storms and fireworks. Bring the dog indoors, and close all windows and doors. Draw the curtains so the dog can't see the flashes. If appropriate (not during an electrical storm) put the TV on with the volume low, to act as a distraction. Remember to act normally and go about your normal business so as to send out the message that everything is OK and you aren't worried.[19]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 1.jpg
  22. Give the dog a safe place to hide. A fearful dog instinctively wants to hide. If the dog chooses to go to ground and hide under a bed or behind a sofa then let it. You may wish to provide additional security by laying a blanket over the edge of the bed to provide additional sound insulation.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 2.jpg
    • If the dog is crate trained, it may wish to go to its crate. Cover most of the crate with a thick blanket so that it is even more cave-like and secure than normal. Place something with your scent on it inside the crate to add to the dog's feelings of security.[20]
    • If your dog is not crate trained then consider doing so as part of your strategy for helping him overcome this fear.
  23. Use pheromones. When a lot of fireworks are anticipated plug-in DAP diffuser in your house beforehand. These devices give off a synthetic dog pheromone that makes dogs feel safe and secure. The diffusers help to give an anxious dog heightened feelings of security, and can diffuse some of its anxiety.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 3.jpg
  24. Put a Thundershirt on the dog. These work by fitting the dog snugly and pressing against its body. This is akin to swaddling a young baby, which gives a sense of security and safety. For some dogs it takes the edge off of the anxiety and helps to bolster their confidence.[21]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 4.jpg
  25. Consider using medications. Some dogs are so fearful they try to escape, harm themselves, or lose control of their bladder or bowels. If your dog has this type of extreme anxiety then get it checked by your vet. If there is no medical explanation for the dog's extreme fear, then the vet may be able to prescribe medications to calm the dog during the event.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 5.jpg
    • There is no one drug that is perfect, but one useful combination is diazepam and propranolol. Diazepam is a tranquilizer, which lessens the feelings of anxiety, while propranolol is a beta blocker, which prevents the heart from racing. This combination helps to keep the animal relaxed during a scary event.[22]
    • Acepromazine (ACP) sedates the dog but it still experiences the fear. So externally the dog seems improved, but it is still fearful. This is why this drug has fallen out of favor.

EditTraining a Dog to Overcome Fear of Loud Noises

  1. Act normally. It is important that the owner ignores any fearful behavior the dog is displaying. While it is perfectly natural to want to reassure an animal in distress, in reality it trains the dog to give in to the distressed behavior. Retraining is doomed from the start unless you understand this.[23]
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 6.jpg
    • By acting unconcerned you send out a strong message that you are not worried and therefore the dog has nothing to be fearful of.
  2. Never force a dog to face its fears head on. In other words, don't take a fearful dog to a fireworks show and expect it to adjust. This is a technique called sensory flooding and it is inhumane. The dog is bombarded by what it fears and instead of overcoming that fear, the dog may become traumatized and emotionally damaged instead.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 7.jpg
  3. Exposure the dog to a very low level of the feared sound. Train the dog to remain calm during the sound by rewarding calm behavior with a treat or affection.[24] This is different than sensory flooding because you are using very low levels of sound and working gradually.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 8.jpg
    • To do this, purchase a CD of the sound the dog fears, for example fireworks or thunderstorms. The idea is to play the CD on the lowest possible volume so that the dog remains calm. Praise the dog and reward it for being calm in the presence of the sounds.
    • If possible, leave the CD playing quietly in the background for an hour at a time but don't leave the dog alone while it is playing.
  4. Gradually increase the volume of the feared sound. Once the dog is regularly taking no notice of the quiet background sounds, turn the volume up a tiny amount. This should be slightly louder than previously, but not enough to make the dog shows signs of anxiety, such as lip licking, pacing, whining, shivering, or shaking.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 9.jpg
    • Again, reward the dog with love or treats for being in the presence of the alarming noise, but not being fearful of it.
    • Repeat this exposure until you are sure the dog is not reacting at all, and then you are ready to turn the volume up one more notch.
  5. Expose the dog to the CD sounds on a daily basis. If at any stage the dog becomes fearful, restart the next session with the volume one notch lower. Don't forget to act very relaxed yourself while doing this training. The dog needs to see that you are unconcerned.
    Help a Dog Overcome a Fear of Fireworks or Thunder Step 10.jpg
    • It may take a large amount of time, but with determination and dedication, it is possible to help your dog overcome its fear of fireworks or thunder.

EditTips

  • Remember that loud noises are often worse for dogs than humans because dogs have such sensitive hearing. They may be aware of an approaching storm half an hour before it arrives. Then when the fireworks or thunder do start, what is uncomfortable to our ears is so much worse to sensitive canine ears.

EditSources and Citations


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How to Make Jello Shots

Posted: 30 Dec 2016 08:00 AM PST

This wikiHow will teach you how make jello shots.

Edit10 Second Summary

1. Mix enough water and vodka to make 2 cups (475 milliliters).
2. Allow to chill in the fridge.
3. Mix the powdered Jello with 1 cup (240 milliliters) of boiling water.
4. Stir in the chilled alcohol mixture.
5. Pour the mixture into lightly-greased molds.
6. Chill in the fridge for 2 to 4 hours.

EditSteps

EditTraditional Jello Shots

  1. Gather your ingredients. To make approximately 32 1-ounce (30 ml) shots, all you'll need is:
    Make Jello Shots Step 1.jpg
    • 1 6-oz. package of Jello (170 grams)
    • Approximately 3 cups of water
    • Approximately 1 cup of chilled alcohol of your choice
  2. Mix the water and alcohol to make 2 cups. The proportions will depend on the proof of the alcohol you use. Use the following ratios to ensure that the shots will set:
    Make Jello Shots Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • 13 oz. (26 tbsp., 390 ml) of 30 to 50 (~20%) proof alcohol with 3 oz. (6 tbsp., 90 ml) water
    • 10 oz. (20 tbsp., 300 ml) 80 to 100 (~45%) proof alcohol with 6 oz. (12 tbsp., 180 ml) water
    • 6 oz. (12 tbsp., 180 ml) 150 to 200 proof alcohol with 10 oz (20 tbsp., 300 ml) water
  3. Put the mixture in the refrigerator to chill. Wait until the mixture is completely chilled before moving onto the next step. This is important because the temperature at which alcohol evaporates (the boiling point) is 78.6 degrees C (173°F). Later you will mix the alcohol with a water that was just boiled at 100 degrees C (212°F). If the alcohol isn't cold, it might exceed its boiling point when mixed, and some of the alcohol will evaporate. This will make your shots less potent.
    Make Jello Shots Step 3 Version 2.jpg
  4. Bring more than 1 cup of water to a boil. You'll need exactly 1 cup of boiling water, so put a little more than that in the pot or kettle since some will evaporate.
    Make Jello Shots Step 4 Version 2.jpg
  5. Measure out 1 cup of boiling water and mix it with the powdered Jello. Stir constantly until the powder is completely dissolved.
    Make Jello Shots Step 5 Version 2.jpg
  6. Stir in the chilled water and alcohol mixture.
    Make Jello Shots Step 6 Version 2.jpg
  7. Spray the inside of the cups with cooking spray so the Jello easily slides out later. Adding small plastic spoons or Popsicle sticks can help, too.
    Make Jello Shots Step 7 Version 2.jpg
  8. Pour the mixture into the cups.
    Make Jello Shots Step 8 Version 2.jpg
  9. Place the shots on a tray in refrigerator (not the freezer). Chill them until they become firm (approximately 2 to 4 hours). Refrigerate until served and make sure to serve them cold.
    Make Jello Shots Step 9 Version 2.jpg

EditJello Shot Orange Slices

Setting gelatin in orange slices provides a fun and unique presentation. Make sure to scoop the oranges out well so that none of the pith shows up in your shot.

  1. Cut oranges in half.
    Make Jello Shots Step 10 Version 2.jpg
  2. Use a spoon to remove the pulp, leaving just the rind of half an orange.
    Make Jello Shots Step 11 Version 2.jpg
  3. Fill the halves with Jello mixture.
    Make Jello Shots Step 12 Version 2.jpg
  4. Refrigerate the filled orange halves overnight. Even though they'll set in a few hours, the extra time chilling helps them firm up even more so that they don't fall apart when you cut them.
    Make Jello Shots Step 13 Version 2.jpg
  5. Cut orange halves into thirds. See How to Make Jello Shots in an Orange for more information.
    Make Jello Shots Step 14 Version 2.jpg

EditLayered Shots

Layering shots allows you to create different colors as well as different flavor combinations. To create a gradient effect, only chill each layer for 10 minutes before adding the next layer.

  1. Get three 3-ounce (85 g) packages of Jello, each of a different color.
    Make Jello Shots Step 15 Version 2.jpg
  2. Make a Jello shot mixture from one package by cutting the recipe given earlier in half.
    Make Jello Shots Step 16 Version 2.jpg
  3. Fill all the cups 1/3 of the way with the first batch of Jello.
    Make Jello Shots Step 17 Version 2.jpg
  4. Allow the Jello to set completely.
    Make Jello Shots Step 18 Version 2.jpg
  5. Repeat the same process for the second color. Pour the second batch into the same set of cups as the first. This will be your second layer of color. Your cups should be 2/3 of the way full now.
    Make Jello Shots Step 19 Version 2.jpg
  6. Allow the two layers of Jello to set completely.
    Make Jello Shots Step 20 Version 2.jpg
  7. Make a third batch and use that to fill all the cups. This will be your third (top) layer of color.
    Make Jello Shots Step 21 Version 2.jpg
  8. Allow the three layers to set completely before serving.
    Make Jello Shots Step 22 Version 2.jpg

EditGreen Jello Shots

Green is just one color that you can create by adding food coloring. When you use unflavored gelatin, you basically have a blank canvas for any color that you desire.

  1. Make normal Jello shots with yellow Jello.
    Make Jello Shots Step 23 Version 2.jpg
  2. Before pouring the Jello into the cups, add green and/or blue food coloring to make the Jello green. You can make multiple batches with varying shades of green if you want!
    Make Jello Shots Step 24 Version 2.jpg
  3. Serve. These are especially great for St. Patrick's Day or Earth Day.
    Make Jello Shots Step 25 Version 2.jpg

EditMore Potent Jello Shots (Vodka)

These are very strong Jello shots, with 3/4 oz. (22 ml) or 1-1/2 oz. (45 ml) of vodka in each shot, respectively. Eat them responsibly.

  1. Start with a 3-ounce (85 g) package of Jello. Lime and orange flavors are ideal, as they will taste similar to vodka-based mixed drinks. Cherry may leave your Jello with a flavor reminiscent of cough syrup. Berry blue and grape are not recommended either.
    Make Jello Shots Step 26 Version 2.jpg
  2. Mix the powder with 1/2 cup of boiling water. Don't skimp on this step—the water needs to be actually boiling to effectively dissolve the powder, and the mixture won't set if you use less than 4 oz.
    Make Jello Shots Step 27 Version 2.jpg
  3. Stir the mixture until the powder is completely dissolved.
    Make Jello Shots Step 28 Version 2.jpg
  4. Add 1-3/4 cup of 80-proof vodka to the mixture. You can actually add up to 2-1/4 cups of 80-proof vodka and the Jello will still set. However, anything more than 1-3/4 cups will cause the gelatin to get soft and slimy, and the liquor will overwhelm all of the other flavors.
    Make Jello Shots Step 29 Version 2.jpg
  5. Pour the mixture into cups. If you used 1-3/4 cups of vodka, you will be able to make eighteen 1-oz. (30 ml) shots, or nine 2-oz. (60 ml) shots.
    Make Jello Shots Step 30 Version 2.jpg

EditJelobah Jelly Shots

  1. Add 1 packet of Jellobah shot mix to 200ml of water. Mix till dissolved.
    Make Jello Shots Step 31 Version 2.jpg
  2. Add 200ml of your favourite alcohol or 100ml of alcohol and 100ml of your mixer.
    Make Jello Shots Step 32 Version 2.jpg
  3. Pour into shot glasses.
    Make Jello Shots Step 33 Version 2.jpg
  4. Wait 5 to 10 minutes.
    Make Jello Shots Step 34 Version 2.jpg
  5. Bam! Instant jello shot. No refrigeration required. Serve.
    Make Jello Shots Step 35 Version 2.jpg

EditThemed Jello Shots

  1. Make Classic Cocktail Jello Shots. This is a great way to put a new spin on your favorite drink!
    Make Jello Shots Step 36 Version 2.jpg
  2. Make Festive Jello Shots. If you're planning on having a holiday party, whip up a couple holiday-themed shots to set the mood.
    Make Jello Shots Step 37 Version 2.jpg
  3. Make No Bake Dessert Jello Shots. Sometimes it's hard to find the time to bake an entire cake or batch of cookies. Keep the taste but ditch the baking by creating jello shots inspired by your favorite dessert!
    Make Jello Shots Step 38 Version 2.jpg
  4. Make Game Day Jello Shots. These jello shots will put a spirited twist on the traditional beer during game day.
    Make Jello Shots Step 39 Version 2.jpg
  5. Make Fruity Jello Shots. These shots, which can be fruity only in taste or may contain actual pieces of fruit, are an awesome refreshment on any hot summer day.
    Make Jello Shots Step 40 Version 2.jpg


EditVideo

EditTips

  • To make firm shots, add a packet of unflavored gelatin to the mix before adding the boiling water. Plain gelatin helps to make the shots firm, which helps when you are using Jello molds.
  • You can use shot glasses, individual shot-size (1 oz. to 3 oz.) plastic cups or accordion-like squeezable cups manufactured specifically for Jello shots to make these treats. Although shot glasses look prettier and allow you to see the vibrant colors of the Jello, paper cups allow for easier Jello shot consumption as they can be turned inside out. Otherwise, you might need to bring some dessertspoons to the party, too.

EditWarnings

  • Make sure the kids don't mistake this for ordinary Jello.
  • Even though Jello shots taste like candy, they each contain as much or more alcohol than a beer, wine or alcohol shot. Warn your guests, wait a few minutes between shots and count your drinks to avoid overindulgence.
  • Jello is not a vegetarian dessert. Gelatin is a protein produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the bones, connective tissues, organs and some intestines of animals. If any of your guests are vegetarian or vegan, consider vegan jelly mixes rather than gelatin. Most supermarkets will stock these.
  • Kids can get very sick if they eat the ones involving beer, and they may get drunk.

EditRelated wikiHows

EditSources and Citations


How to Read Guitar Music

Posted: 30 Dec 2016 12:00 AM PST

This article will cover the basics of how to read guitar sheet music. This is not about how to read tabs––rather, it's about music written in standard notation. Guitar music is written on the treble clef, the upper half of the grand staff. Guitar music is transposed up one octave, meaning that what you are actually playing sounds one octave lower than what is written. Music is often transposed to make it easier to read.

Note: This article is to help read sheet music, click here for help reading guitar tab.

EditSteps

EditUnderstanding the Staff

  1. Recognize the musical staff. You know you have written music when you see five lines, capped off on the ends. On the far left will be a "clef" (a italicized "G" or "C" shape), a set of numbers, like , and a set of hashes or flats denoting the key. Together, these elements make up a musical staff.

    • Guitar is also written as "tablature," a unique music-writing system for guitar. Tabs resembles traditional musical staffs but have six lines instead of five, no clef, and often say "Tab" on the far left side.
    • Guitar music is always written in "treble clef." This means the symbol on the far left is always a cursive G, with the bottom looping around the second-lowest line of the staff.[1]
  2. Memorize the notes of each line in the staff using the acronym "Every Good Boy Does Fine." Each line in the staff signifies a note, like an A, an E, etc. When there is a note symbol on the line, you play that note -- but you have to know which line is which note. Starting from the bottom, the notes are E - G - B - D - F, or the acronym "Every Good Boy Does Fine"

  3. Memorize the spaces between the lines using the acronym "FACE." The spaces in between the lines also denote notes, meaning that the staff, in total, covers nine different notes (not counting sharps and flats, which will be covered later). From the bottom up, the spaces signify the notes F - A - C - E, or "FACE." Including the spaces, the final staff from looks like:

    • F
    • E
    • D
    • C
    • B
    • A
    • G
    • F
    • E
  4. Use lines above and below the basic staff, known as ledger lines, to get higher and lower notes. If you see small little lines above and below the staff, these are simply to extend the range of the sheet music beyond the five lines on the staff.

    • Each line has a note above and below, and you need to memorize it as you move forward. For now, however, just work on the basics.
  5. Read the key signatures, made of sharp, flat, and natural signs, to know what key the song is in. The key signature is between the staff and the time signature. It will be made up of some combination of three signals -- ♯, ♭, ♮ -- lined up on the staff. You'll need to memorize key signatures to know them -- the one in the video above is the key of D. However, they still give useful information if you don't know the key:

    • Depending on what line the symbol fall on, you adjust that note. In the example above, there is a sharp on the F line, and one on the C space. This means any note on these lines you 'must make a sharp. This automatically keeps you in key.
  6. Use time signatures to determine the rhythm of the song. Time signatures tell you how many beats per measure in the song. The most common is , which means that each measure consists of "four quarter-note beats." This is just a complicated way to say you count out "1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1... etc." to keep time with the song. Other time signatures, like , changes the number of beats in the measure -- in this case "three quarter-note beats," as in "1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1...."

  7. Use the vertical bars in the staff to find the end of each measure. There are often numbers above each line, telling you which measure you're on to help coordinate with a band.

  8. Recognize the different types of notes. The placement of a note on the line or space tells you what note to play -- they type of note tells you how long to play it. A whole note is played for the whole measure, a half note for half a measure, and so on down to thirty-second notes. For now, just get used to the different types of notes you're likely to encounter:

    • Whole notes: O
    • Half notes: A whole note with a vertical tail, a quarter note with a hollow center.
    • Quarter notes:
    • Rests: are times to not play -- they are either thick "--" marks for whole and half rests and squiggles for quarter note rests.

EditUnderstanding Complex Notations

  1. Hold notes for lines curving underneath two or more notes. If there is a concave line between two notes (it bends downward), then you want to hold the notes

  2. Let lines arcing over notes tell you when to hammer on and pull off. This is known as "legato," where every note is slightly blended together. Use hammer-ons and pull-offs to glide between these notes as seamlessly as possible.

  3. Repeat any sections book ended by the bold, vertical "repeat" sign. These come at the end of a measure. The normal vertical bar is bolded, with a colon (:) right before it. This means you go back to the last time you saw this symbol and repeat the playing until you get back again.

  4. Use the string indicators to know which specific note you're supposed to play. Do you play the A on the fifth string or the second? Guitar tab will have a helpful number circled above the note telling you which string to play on.

  5. Use finger indicators next to the note to help with positioning. If there is a small number next to the note, it is telling you to use a specific finger. Your first finger is your index finger, your fourth is your pinky.

  6. Research more complicated notes and notation as you grow as a musician. There a lot more notes out there that, while less common in guitar music, are worth knowing. The first thing that you should explore are different notes -- from sixteenth notes down the eighth note rests.

    • Check out the general "How to Read Music" to get deeper insights into music theory and expand your knowledge past just guitar music.

EditVideo

EditTips

  • While learning to read music is important, know that most guitar parts are written out in the much more intuitive tablature notation, or "guitar tab."

EditSources and Citations


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