Sunday, July 31, 2016

How to of the Day

How to of the Day


How to Draw an Eye in Colored Pencil

Posted: 31 Jul 2016 05:00 PM PDT

Are you looking to draw an eye in colored pencil? Drawing eyes is fun to do whether you are just doodling or are trying to make it as realistic as possible. Once you've gotten the hang of sketching an eye with a regular pencil, it can be fun to experiment with adding color.

EditSteps

  1. Choose what brand of colored pencils you will use before you start drawing. Any brand is ok to use, but using smoother pencils will help with blending. An example of a good brand is Prismacolor Premier, depicted above.
    IMG_2963.jpg
  2. Find a reference photo. It will be much easier to pick out the correct colors if you have a photo to look at, as well as help with the shape and shading.
    IMG_2964.jpg
    • You can use a picture of your own eye or one from the internet.
  3. Draw the outline for your eye using a regular pencil. Pay attention to the size of the tear duct and waterline, as this will be important for making it look realistic. Also notice areas where there are glared or reflective spots; you should draw these areas out so you know to avoid coloring inside them. If you plan to go back over light areas afterwards with something such as a white gel pen, only draw out the largest light spots.
    IMG_2966.jpg
  4. Using a black marker or pen, color in the pupil black and any other very dark areas such as the top of the iris.
    IMG_2967.jpg
    • Do not draw the eyelashes yet, this will be done later.
  5. Pick out which colors you plan to use. Be sure to test them out before using them to make sure they match your reference photo.
    IMG_2969 1.jpg
    • Having a white pencil will help you blend over areas if you make a mistake.
    • Don't sharpen the pencils too much, as the tip is more likely to break if it is at a very sharp point.
  6. Erase the outline of the iris so it is less visible. This is so the graphite of the pencil doesn't mix with your colors.
    IMG_2970.jpg
  7. Using your lightest chosen color, fill in areas with the most light in the photo. This should not be the areas you drew out where there was glare on the eye.
    IMG_2971.jpg
  8. Continue to fill in the lightest areas, adding in some darker areas of detail. Remember it is much easier to make colors darker than lighter.
    IMG_2972.jpg
  9. Using a darker color, outline the outside of the iris.
    IMG_2973.jpg
  10. Color in the darkest areas of the iris. The top of the iris will likely be one of these spots, as well as some of the details in the iris.
    IMG_2974.jpg
  11. If any of the glare areas aren't perfectly white in your photo, color them the correct color.
    IMG_2975.jpg
  12. Begin adding in more intense color if need be, being careful not to go overboard. Adding more color later is easier than taking it out.
    IMG_2976.jpg
  13. Using a black pencil, lightly go over the areas of the iris with texture. This will help you reference where the deeper areas of the iris are later.
    IMG_2977.jpg
  14. Layer on the base color for the iris. This color will be the color that appears most prominently in the iris, such as orange, light brown, or blue. Try to avoid picking a dark color.
    IMG_2978.jpg
  15. Layer on more intense color to complement your base color. In the case of orange, it could be a brighter orange or even a red if used with caution.
    IMG_2979.jpg
  16. Add more shading around the iris, concentrating the majority at the top.
    IMG_2980.jpg
  17. Add white to the middle of the iris in a ring around the pupil. This will help it look more 3D.
    IMG_2981 (1).jpg
  18. Using a medium toned color, go over the areas of the skin that will have the most shadow.
    IMG_2982 1.jpg
  19. Continue layering colors, getting darker as you go.
    IMG_2983.jpg
  20. Add a dark color into the crease of the eye and other parts of the drawing that have the most shadow.
    IMG_2984.jpg
  21. Begin adding eyelashes. It is easiest with a black marker or pen, however you can still use a colored pencil. Make sure they curve and don't go straight up. Look at your reference photo to see how they should curve under the waterline.
    IMG_2985.jpg
  22. Finish the upper eyelashes, being sure they go in the correct direction for the angle of the picture and that they vary in length.
    IMG_2986.jpg
  23. Add the lower lash line, being careful to put the lashes on the edge of the waterline.
    IMG_2987.jpg
  24. Start to shade the inner corner of the whites of the eye. In a photo with cooler light, you will use a grey. If the photo has warmer light you will use a more pinkish tone.
    IMG_2988 1.jpg
  25. Color in the tear duct, noticing any lines and shadows in the reference photo that will help you make it look more realistic.
    IMG_2989.jpg
  26. Extend the shading of the whites of the eye. You can also add in reflections or shadows of the eyelashes.
    IMG_2990.jpg
  27. Using a dark red or purple, very lightly draw veins in the eye. Don't make them too visible or it will make the eye less realistic. Pay attention the where they are most visible in your reference photo.
    IMG_2991.jpg
  28. Add in any finishing touches such as extra white areas and your signature.
    IMG_2993.jpg

EditTips

  • If you make a mistake, layer over it with white to correct it.

How to Tell If Your Cat Is in Heat

Posted: 31 Jul 2016 09:00 AM PDT

An unspayed female cat will become sexually mature between the ages 5 ½ and 12 months, depending on how well-fed she is and the day-length.[1] Unlike a feral cat that must compete for food and experiences the short days of winter, a house cat has the luxury of plenty of food and artificial light. This means that while feral cats have a breeding season, with kittens born in the spring and early autumn, your house cat can go into heat at any time, and will probably do so every three to four weeks. The behaviors of a cat in heat can be alarming if you can't recognize the cause, but these instructions will allow you to determine whether your cat is in heat.

EditSteps

EditRecognizing Behavioral Signs

  1. Listen for calling. Another term for being in heat is "calling." This is because the female becomes very vocal and will frequently walk around the house wailing or otherwise vocalizing.[2] This can sound like a plaintive, distressed cry, and can be loud and persistent enough to keep you awake at night.
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • If your cat is naturally chatty all the time, vocalization is not necessarily a sign she is in heat.
    • When a cat is "calling," her cries typically becomes much louder and more persistent, and occur alongside other behaviors noted below.
  2. Watch for restless behavior. Restless behavior and an inability to settle are characteristic of a female cat in heat.[3]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 2.jpg
    • This restlessness usually occurs at the same time as calling.
  3. Expect increased affection. A female cat in heat is often much more affectionate than she would typically be. If you cat is naturally stand-offish, this will usually change when she is in heat.[4]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 3 Version 2.jpg
    • While in heat, your cat may rub around your ankles in such a persistent way that she becomes a trip hazard when you're trying to walk.
    • This behavior will also manifest in the rubbing of her cheeks and chin (where her scent glands are located) against furniture, and especially entrance and exit points such as door frames.
    • When in heat, a cat's scent changes subtly, and she enjoys spreading this around to advertise to that she'd like a mate to come visiting.[5]
  4. Pay attention to your cat's tail. A typical sign of a cat ready to mate is the tail deflection reflex. This simply means that when you rub her lower back, especially over her pelvis and tail base, the female sticks her bottom in the air and moves her tail to one side.[6]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 4.jpg
    • This reflex is her way of making it easier for a male cat to gain access to her vulva to mate.
  5. Look for "commando crawling." This is a behavior in which the cat flattens her front quarters to the ground while sticking her bottom in the air, and then crawling along the floor in this posture.[7]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 5 Version 2.jpg
  6. Watch for rolling. Some female cats in heat will roll around on the ground and wail at the same time.[8]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • Understandably, if you don't know this behavior is entirely normal, it can appear alarming, and is a common cause of a panicked phone call to the on-call vet. However, this is not a sign that your cat is in pain.
  7. Watch for excessive licking. When a cat is in heat, it is typical for her vulva to become swollen. This mild swelling is uncomfortable, and will likely lead your cat to spend a lot of time washing the area.[9]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 7.jpg
    • This swelling is too slight for the casual observer to notice, so don't expect to see a physical difference.[10]
  8. Expect the cat to disappear. Even home-loving cats get adventurous when in heat. If a a male cat doesn't come calling, then she is likely to go wandering for a day or so to seek one out for herself.[11]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 8.jpg
    • If your cat is not spayed and you don't want her to get pregnant, keep her indoors during her heat and lock the cat flap so that intruders can't get in.

EditUnderstanding Your Cat's Reproductive Cycle

  1. Understand the estrus cycle. Female cats are polyestrous, which means they go into heat many times a year. [12]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 9.jpg
    • This is in contrast to dogs, which experience a diestrus cycle, coming into heat only twice a year. [13]
    • While in heat, your cat's womb will become swollen as its blood-supply increases in anticipation of a pregnancy. You will not be able to observe this, however, as there are no external signs of this process.[14]
  2. Understand the role of seasons. The breeding season of feral cats is between spring and late summer. This means kittens are born away from the harshest of the winter weather, when their chances of survival would be reduced.[15]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 10.jpg
    • Artificial light can fool a pet cat into thinking it is not winter. As such, if your cat spends much time indoors, the changing of seasons will have little or no effect on her reproductive cycle.[16]
    • Expect a cat that lives indoors to come into heat all year around.
  3. Know the time frame. The reproductive cycle of a female cat is, on average, 21 days. Of these three weeks, expect her to spend as many as seven days in heat.[17]
    Tell if Your Cat Is in Heat Step 11.jpg

EditTips

  • Keep your cat indoors and away from any potential mates when she is in heat, unless you want kittens.
  • Cats normally remain in heat for four to seven days.
  • Due to the immense issue of overpopulation resulting in countless homeless and euthanized cats each year, you should spay your cat unless you are a professional purebred cat breeder.
  • You can get your cat spayed at your local vet. Typically, it costs somewhere between $50-$150, depending on where you live and where you go to get her spayed.
  • If the female cat does not eat frequently and vomits the food out, take the cat to the vet as soon as possible.
  • You should always keep in mind that a cat has to be in a good mood before being in heat.

EditWarnings

  • It is not normal for a female cat to have a vaginal discharge during estrus, so if you notice either blood or a yellow-green discharge while your cat is in heat, contact your veterinarian immediately.[18]

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EditSources and Citations


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How to Check Your Windows Version

Posted: 31 Jul 2016 01:00 AM PDT

If you're doing some troubleshooting for your computer, you may need to find what version and build of Windows you are running. This can help others narrow down your problems based on what version you are using. Finding your Windows version, and whether you have a 32-bit operating system or a 64-bit operating system, only takes a minute.

EditSteps

EditFinding Your Windows Version

  1. Open the Run box. You can access this from the Start menu, or by pressing .
    Check Your Windows Version Step 1 Version 5.jpg
  2. Open "About Windows". Type and press .
    Check Your Windows Version Step 2 Version 5.jpg
  3. Check your version. Your Windows release will be displayed at the top ("Windows 7", "Windows 8", etc.). In the text beneath the logo will list your version and build number (e.g. "Version 6.3 (Build 9600)").[1]
    Check Your Windows Version Step 3 Version 5.jpg

EditDetermining if Windows is 32-Bits or 64-Bits

  1. Open "System Properties". You can access the System Properties by pressing , or by right-clicking on Computer/My Computer and selecting Properties.
    Check Your Windows Version Step 4 Version 5.jpg
  2. Check your Windows information. At the top of the window you will see your Windows edition. In the "System" section, you can see whether Windows is 32-bits or 64-bits by looking at the "System type:" entry.
    Check Your Windows Version Step 5 Version 5.jpg


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Saturday, July 30, 2016

How to of the Day

How to of the Day


How to Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 05:00 PM PDT

Because pineapple does not continue to ripen after being harvested, it's important to know how to choose a ripe one. Once you've mastered identifying the signs of ripeness and avoiding deterioration, you may want to store your pineapple to enjoy later. There are a number of methods to store your fruit depending on how long you want it to last.

EditSteps

EditSelecting a Pineapple

  1. Know what you're looking for. When choosing a pineapple, there are two qualifications that you should keep in mind: ripeness and deterioration. Ripeness is the measure of whether or not the fruit is ready to eat, while deterioration measures if the fruit has begun to break down.[1]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 1 Version 4.jpg
    • Ripeness is indicated by the yellow gold color present on the skin of the pineapple.
    • Deterioration is indicated by a wrinkling of the skin.
  2. Evaluate the coloring of the pineapple skin. The skin should be vibrant greens and yellows with no white or browned areas. Depending on the variety of the pineapple, the coloring should be more yellow than green.[2]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 2 Version 4.jpg
    • The yellow-gold color should be present at least around the eyes of the fruit as well as around the base.
    • While a pineapple can feasibly be ripe while fully green, there is very little way to know for sure that it is, so purchasing a fully green pineapple is risky.
    • The higher up the pineapple the yellow-gold reaches, the more evenly flavored the pineapple.
  3. Feel the pineapple to see if it is ripe. If the coloring of the pineapple fits the ideal description, that doesn't guarantee that it's ripe. In order to be certain, you should feel the consistency and yield of the skin.[3]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 3 Version 4.jpg
    • Gently squeeze the fruit. It should be firm but the skin should give slightly.
    • There should be no indented or squishy spots. A good pineapple that is ripe and juicy will feel heavy.
  4. Check the size of the eyes from the top to the bottom. They should all be similar in size and color and be free from mold. The eyes can be some of the stronger indicators as to whether or not the pineapple is ripe and sweet.[4]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 4 Version 4.jpg
    • Choose the pineapple with the largest eyes. The size of the eyes indicates how long the pineapple was left to ripen on the branch.
    • Look for a pineapple with flat eyes. Flat eyes can indicate the sweetness of the fruit.
  5. Smell and listen to your pineapple. While the odor and sound of a pineapple are not necessarily strong indicators of its ripeness alone, in the presence of other indicators they can help you choose the best one.
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • The smell of the pineapple should be sweet, but if it is too sweet and almost has a hint of alcohol, then it is beyond it's freshness.
    • A ripe fruit will have a dull, solid sound. Unripe fruits will sound hallow.
  6. Look out for deterioration. Although you are looking for a fruit that has had enough time to fully ripen, you also need to look out for one that has spent too much time since being pulled from the branch. Once a pineapple begins to show signs of deterioration, it is considered over-ripe and is no longer a good choice.[5]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • A deteriorating pineapple will exhibit wrinkled skin and feel soft to the touch.
    • Look for leaks or cracks in the fruit, both are strong signs of deterioration.
    • The leaves of a deteriorating pineapple will appear brown and stiff.

EditStoring a Pineapple for a Short Time

  1. Store the pineapple on your counter. Pineapples do not need to be refrigerated for the first few days you have them at home. In fact, if you intend to eat your pineapple within a day or two of purchasing it, feel free to just store it on your counter.
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 7.jpg
    • Keep an eye on your pineapple to make sure it doesn't begin to exhibit signs of deterioration as it sits.
    • It is recommended that you purchase your pineapple on the same day you intend to eat it so as to avoid deterioration.
  2. Refrigerate your pineapple whole. If you would like to prolong the life of your pineapple for a few more days, you can keep it in your refrigerator. Remember, pineapples do not have a significant shelf life even when refrigerated so it is recommended that you eat your pineapple within 3-5 days even when using this method.[6]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 8.jpg
    • Wrap the pineapple in plastic before placing it in the refrigerator.
    • Check the pineapple each day for signs of deterioration.
  3. Refrigerate sliced pineapple. You can prolong the life of your pineapple by another day or two beyond simply refrigerating it by slicing it first. It can be more difficult to know if your pineapple has begun to deteriorate once it is sliced, so it is recommended that you eat the pineapple within 6 days of purchase even using this method.[7]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 9.jpg
    • Use a serrated knife to cut off the top of the pineapple off, then slice off each of the sides.
    • Once you have the outer portion of the pineapple removed, slice it to a width of your liking, then use a cookie cutter or knife to remove the core from the center of the slices.
    • Store your pineapple slices in an airtight container like Tupperware to maximize its lifespan.

EditStoring a Pineapple for Extended Periods of Time

  1. Freeze fresh pineapple for long-term storage. You can prolong the life of your pineapple for as much as 12 months by freezing it. You will need to remove the skin and the core of the pineapple first.[8]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 10.jpg
    • Once the skin and core are removed from the pineapple, store it in an airtight container like Tupperware.
    • Leave a small amount of air in the container with the pineapple.
  2. Use a dehydrator to dry pineapple for storage. If you happen to have a dehydrator, you can prepare and store your pineapple nearly indefinitely! Dehydrating removes the moisture from the pineapple and makes it a bit more like pineapple "chips" but with all the same nutritional value. [9]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 11.jpg
    • Use a sharp knife to peel, core and slice your pineapple. Make sure your slices are consistently about 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) thick.
    • Place in your dehydrator according to the manufacturer's recommendation or at 130 degrees Fahrenheit (54 degrees Celsius) until the fruit reaches a leathery state but is not sticky.
    • It may take 12-18 hours to be fully dehydrated.
  3. Can or jar your pineapple. The last possible method to storing your pineapple for an extended period of time is canning. Canning or jarring your pineapple can prolong its life for a year or more, but it is not recommended to store it for longer than a year to be safe.[10]
    Buy and Store Fresh Pineapple Step 12.jpg
    • Once again, slice and core your pineapple by cutting off the top and skins. This time, cutting the pineapple into chunks instead of slices may make it easier to can.
    • You will need to boil your pineapple in a "packing" solution to occupy the additional space in the can and keep it moisturized. You can use apple juice, white grape juice or light to medium "canning syrup" you can buy at some specialty grocery stores.[11]
    • After boiling the pineapple in the packing solution, fill your jars, leaving an inch or so of open space at the top.
    • Place the lids on the jars finger tight, then place it (or however many you have) in a pot with water approximately 1-2 inches taller than the top of the jar or can.
    • Boil the jars for 25 minutes for a pint jar, 30 minutes for quarts. After removing them, the air will have been evacuated and the pineapple will be good to store.


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How to Give a "Fade" Haircut to Males

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 09:00 AM PDT

A "Fade", "Faded", or "Flat Top" haircut is one that is very short on the bottom and progressively gets longer towards the top of the head. Whether you want to save some money on haircuts, or are interested in cutting hair, you can learn to do a fade cut easily with the right tools and a bit of practice.

EditSteps

EditCutting the Hair

  1. Get the hair damp. Before you start cutting hair, spray it down so that you can easily mold and cut the hair. Then grab a comb and part the hair.
    176336 1.jpg
    • the part in your hair. While the hair is moist, find the part and comb the hair, styling it into the general shape that you want to end up with.
    • Take a towel and pat down the hair again to dry it slightly. Then comb again, remaking the part.
    • Knowing where the hair will be parted is important because you may have to blend the shorter side a little more than the longer side depending on the style.
  2. Choose the right guard size for the fade line.[1] A lower guard size means a shorter cut. Pick a higher guard number to start with like a #3.
    176336 2.jpg
    • You can use a higher number to get an even shave around the sides and back of the head as a baseline.
    • To get the fade look you will switch to shorter guards as you move down. But by starting with the larger guard size you can easily get an even fade.
    • You will shave the entire sides and back of the hair with your first guard, and then repeat with a lower guard, moving part way down the head, leaving the top the length you just cut.
  3. Decide where you want the fade line(s). The fade line will determine where the hair transitions from one length to another. It will wrap all the way around the back of the head, essentially going from ear to ear.
    Give a "Fade" Haircut to Males Step 6 Version 6.jpg
    • Fade lines don't have to go straight across in the back. In fact, some fade lines dip slightly around the back of the head, then return to the original line before reaching the other ear.
    • You can have more than one fade line. Start with one on your first cut; as you get more confident, dry doing two.
    • Where you position the fade line is a matter of personal taste. You can put it anywhere from slightly above the top of the ear to above that.
  4. Move the clippers vertically as you begin to shave the hair. Just like shaving your face, the general rule of thumb is to shave in the opposite direction that the hair grows.[2] Start at the sideburns and move towards the back of the head.

    • If you are cutting a fade, but leaving the hair long on the top, you may have to pin the hair up so that it stays out of the way and you don't accidentally cut it.
    • Move your clippers in an up and down motion and don't be afraid to apply a bit of pressure to ensure that your clippers are getting all the hair.
  5. Move the clippers sideways across the fade line. This doesn't mean turning the clippers horizontally though, keep them vertical. Remember that the fade line is where the hair transitions from one length to the next.

    • Hold the clippers in your hand so that your thumb is over the top, with your other fingers beneath. Move your wrist in a "flicking" motion upward.
    • To make the fade lines disappear and give the hair a consistent transition, you want to angle the clippers so that only the bottom third or quarter of the blade is actually touching the head at the fade line.
    • The portion of the blade, the teeth, that isn't touching the head will still cut the hair, but at a "natural" fade angle.
  6. Keep a steady hand, and move in small sections. The slower you go and the more precise you are, the better the cut will look, and you won't spend a lot of time at the end cleaning up uneven spots.

    • Push the clippers forward a bit on uneven spots to make sure the blades are catching the hair.
    • To cut behind the ears, pull the top of the ear down and cut straight up starting at the spot where the ear connects to the head. You may have to cut at an angle to get the hair behind the ear.
  7. Switch guards to continue fading the hair. Once you've got the base cut around the sides and back of the head, it's time to switch to your next guard. If you Started with a #3, switch to a #2.

    • Repeat the same shaving technique as before, starting at the bottom and moving up.
    • Don't go all the way to the top. To get an even fade you'll want to pick a spot where your next fade line will be. This will vary from person to person, but your second fade line should be above the ear.
    • Depending on how much of a fade you want, you may have to switch guards again and repeat the process, shaving the lower portion of the head with a #1.
  8. Clean up the fade line with the clippers-over-comb method. Start to clean up the fade by grabbing a regular comb. (Use a white comb for dark hair, and a dark comb for light hair.) Angle the comb so that it's at a 45-degree angle to the fade line and comb upward toward the top of the head, only moving the comb an inch or two into the hair. Run the clippers upward over the comb, from the fade line, so that they cut the hair that's above the teeth.
    176336 8.jpg
    • Repeat this process around the fade line(s), taking care to keep your combing distance the same all the way around.
    • If done correctly, you should have a nice even fade with no visible fade lines. The hair should gradually get shorter as it gets closer to the base of the skull.
  9. Cut the top of the hair. Either use scissors if you want to keep the hair long, or a higher guard if you want a buzzed look. For something like a quiff, pompadour, or messy top, you'll use scissors; while a caesar, or crew might need clippers.[3]
    176336 9.jpg
    • [cut with scissors], use a comb or your fingers and pull the hair up, cutting above the fingers or comb a little at a time.
    • Take into account the angle at which you are cutting. For a fade look with longer hair on top you will want to cut the hair at an angle as you move towards the back of the head to blend it, avoiding the bowl cut look.

EditMaking the Final Touches

  1. Shave the bottom of the hair with a beard trimmer or unguarded clippers. Now you want to make sure that fade has a distinct ending point at the base of the head and bottoms of the sideburns. Take your trimmer or clippers and shave any remaining hair away.
    176336 10.jpg
    • You may not need do this to the sideburns if the person whose hair you are cutting has facial hair connecting to the sideburns.
    • Shave down the base of the neck and up a little ways on the lowest fade to make sure that the hair is evened out.
  2. Blur out any remnants of the visible line using your clippers. Look for any patches where the hair is uneven now and make sure to go over them again to clean them up.
    176336 11.jpg
    • You may have to position your clippers at a bit of an angle to get any stragglers and even out the fade.
  3. Clean up the base of the neck. Now that your bottom fade line is established, cut the hair beneath it. Make sure you get the sections at the bottom of the neck that have thinner longer hairs.
    176336 12.jpg
    • Clean up the edges using a straight razor or the trimmer to make sure the edges of the cut are clean, as well as removing any neck hair.
    • If you are using a straight razor, apply shaving cream to the area you are about to cut, then pad with a warm damp towel.
    • Brush off any loose hairs and style the top with a pomade or gel for a finished look.

EditGetting the Right Equipment and Prepping

  1. Get a set of professional-grade clippers. Clippers can get expensive, but in order to ensure that you get a consistent fade you'll need clippers that are powerful and reliable. A great pair of clippers will make all the difference.[4]
    176336 13.jpg
    • Some popular and highly rated clippers are:
      • Oster Classic 76 Clipper w/ 2 Blades.
      • Wahl Senior clippers.
      • Andis Master clippers.
    • Make sure the clippers come with at least 5 different guard sizes.
    • It's also a good idea to purchase a professional trimmer, which is used to line sideburns and clean up the areas around the ears, neck and forehead. Ask your barber where he purchases his, or look around online.
  2. Clean your clipper blades. Even if you have new clippers, you should make sure that they are clean before oiling them. Your clipper set should come with a cleaning solution, but if you don't have a cleaning solution you can use distilled white vinegar.
    176336 14.jpg
    • Make sure your clippers are unplugged and remove the blades.
    • If you have a solution, spray the solution over your blades and let it sit before wiping off.
    • If you are using distilled white vinegar, put the blades to soak for a few minutes in a solution of vinegar.
    • Avoid washing your clippers with soap and water as this can cause your blades to rust.
  3. Oil the blades before use. Read the instructions that come with your clippers to see if you need to remove the blades for oiling, or if you can simply point them toward the bottom of a sink and drop oil onto them. After you've applied oil to the blades, wipe off any excess with a soft, dry cloth.
    176336 15.jpg
    • When oiling your clippers, you should make sure that you've brushed off any excess hair that might be in the blades.
    • Turn your clippers on and drip the oil onto the blades, allowing the moving blades to become saturated.
    • Run the blades for about 20 seconds.
    • Thoroughly wipe the blades down, making sure that the tops of your blades are dry so hair doesn't stick.

EditVideo

EditTips

  • Do not worry if your first fade cut doesn't look perfect. It's a technique that requires experience and practice.
  • You can do an easy fade by using three different guards. The first guard would be the longest (higher the number, more of the hair left), cut the whole head with this guard. The second guard would be the shortest, choose the fade line, but still go slightly beneath that. The third guard will be the medium size, this will help it blend, start a little lower than your fade line and go slightly above it. No more straight hard lines!
  • If you've never done this cut before, ask your barber to explain to you what he is doing when he cuts your hair the next time and ask for tips. It's ok to be upfront and tell him that your friends ask you to cut their hair, or that you may want to keep your fade intact in between trips to him.
  • If you create a line or a "mushroom" cut - with extremely visible fade lines - visit a barber to fix it.

EditRelated wikiHows

EditSources and Citations



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How to Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Posted: 30 Jul 2016 01:00 AM PDT

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a general term used to identify chronic inflammation of all or part of the digestive tract.[1] Inflammatory Bowel Disease primarily refers to Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis. The condition is characterized by symptoms including severe abdominal pain. Inflammatory Bowel Disease is debilitating for many people and can also be life-threatening if not properly treated.[2] Because IBD is so serious, it's important to recognize the symptoms of the disease and see your doctor to confirm a diagnosis. She can then develop a treatment plan to help you manage the disease.

EditSteps

EditIdentifying the Symptoms of IBD

  1. Be aware of your risk for IBD. The exact cause of IBD isn't known, but doctors know that certain factors may aggravate but not cause the disease. Being aware of your risk for this disease can help you recognize it and get a diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner.[3]
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • Most people are diagnosed with IBD before the age of 30, but others may not develop the disease until they are in their 50s or 60s.[4]
    • Caucasians, especially Ashkenazi Jews, are at the highest risk of IBD, but it can occur in any race.[5]
    • If a close relative, such as a parent or sibling, has IBD you are at higher risk for developing the disease.[6]
    • Cigarette smoking significantly increases your risk of developing Crohn's Disease.[7]
    • Using certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS), such as ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and diclofenac sodium, can increase your risk of developing IBD or worsen the disease if you already have it.[8]
    • Environmental factors, such as living in an urban area or northern climates and eating a diet high in fat and refined foods, may increase your risk of developing IBD.[9]
  2. Recognize symptoms of Crohn's Disease. Although Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis may have similar symptoms, they still differ slightly. Recognizing the symptoms of Crohn's Disease can help you get a diagnosis from your doctor and take steps to manage the disease in your everyday life. Not all patients have severe symptoms, so it is important to be aware of the various ways that Crohn's disease can present.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • You may experience persistent diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, fever, and occasional blood in your stool.[10]
    • Loss of appetite and weight loss may also occur with Crohn's Disease. It can also affect your joints, eyes, skin, and liver.[11]
    • The most common complication of Crohn's Disease is intestinal blockage as a result of swelling and scar tissue. Symptoms of blockage, such as cramping pain, vomiting, and bloating, may be present. You may also develop fistulas as a result of sores or ulcers in the intestinal tract.[12]
    • People with Crohn's Disease are at a higher risk of colon cancer and need to be screened more often than the general population.[13]
  3. Recognize symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Although ulcerative colitis may have similar symptoms to Crohn's Disease, it is nevertheless slightly different. Recognizing the symptoms of ulcerative colitis can help you get a diagnosis from your doctor and take steps to manage the disease in your everyday life.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 3 Version 2.jpg
    • Typical symptoms of ulcerative colitis are frequent bloody stools, cramping abdominal pain, and severe urgency to have a bowel movement or diarrhea.[14]
    • Loss of appetite and weight loss are common symptoms of ulcerative colitis. You may also experience fatigue and abdominal bloating.[15]
    • Most people with ulcerative colitis will have mild symptoms, though others can have severe cramping, fever, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting.[16]
    • Severe bleeding can lead to anemia in ulcerative colitis patients. They may also have skin lesions, join pain, liver disorders, and eye inflammation.[17]
    • People with ulcerative colitis are at a higher risk of colon cancer and, like people with Crohn's disease, need to be screened regularly.[18]
  4. Observe your bodily functions closely. It's important to pay attention to your body and bodily functions for any symptoms of IBD. These signs, such as diarrhea or fever, can indicate the disease, especially if they don't go away.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 4 Version 2.jpg
    • Watch your bowel movements for frequent diarrhea or the need to quickly evacuate your bowels.[19]
    • Check the toilet tissue or toilet bowl for signs of blood before you flush.
    • Watch your underwear or towels for signs of rectal bleeding or bowel leakage.
    • Many people with IBD have a persistent low-grade fever and may also experience night sweats.[20]
    • Some women may experience a loss of their normal menstrual cycle.[21]
  5. Evaluate your appetite and weight. Consider if you have experienced a recent, prolonged loss of appetite or unintended weight loss, especially in conjunction with other symptoms of IBD. These may be clear signs that you're suffering from IBD and should see a doctor.[22]
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • The loss of appetite may be a result of abdominal pain and cramping and inflammation. This can lead to unintended weight loss.[23]
  6. Pay attention to aches and pains. Inflammatory Bowel Disease can present itself with severe or chronic pain in the abdomen and may even cause joint pain. If you have prolonged stomachaches or pain in the joints that is not related to other conditions or physical activity, you may have this symptom as a result of IBD.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • You may have general abdominal pain or cramping with IBD.[24]
    • There may also be abdominal bloating accompanied by pain or cramping.[25]
    • Aches and pains from IBD may present themselves in other parts of your body as well. Watch for pain in your joints or eye inflammation.[26]
  7. Examine your skin. Examine your skin to notice changes in your overall complexion or skin texture, such as red bumps, ulcers, or rashes. These could indicate IBD, especially if experienced in conjunction with other symptoms.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 7 Version 2.jpg
    • Some skin lesions can turn into fistulas, which are infected tunnels that develop in the skin.[27]

EditGetting Medical Diagnosis and Treatment

  1. See your doctor. If you discover any of the signs or symptoms of IBD and/or are at risk for the disease, see your doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis is important to help treat and manage the disease.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • Your doctor may diagnose IBD only after she rules out other possible causes for your symptoms.[28]
    • Your doctor may use a variety of tests to help diagnose IBD.[29]
  2. Get tests and a diagnosis. If your doctor suspects that you have IBD, she may order tests after conducting your physical exam and ruling out other causes. These tests are the only way to confirm a diagnosis of IBD.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 9 Version 2.jpg
    • Your doctor may order a blood test to check for anemia, which is a common side effect of IBD. The blood tests may also determine if you have any signs of infection, bacteria, or viruses in your system.[30]
    • Your doctor may order a stool sample called a fecal occult blood test that checks for hidden blood in your stool.[31]
    • Your doctor may order an endoscopic procedure, such as a colonoscopy or upper endoscopy, to examine your intestines. In these procedures, a small camera is inserted into some portion of your gastrointestinal tract. If the doctor sees areas that are inflamed or abnormal, she will take biopsies. These are especially important in making the diagnosis.[32]
    • Your doctor may also order an imaging procedure, such as an X-ray, CT scan, or and MRI. These will help your doctor examine the tissues of your gastrointestinal tract and see if there are any complications of IBD, such as a perforated colon.[33]
  3. Get treatment for IBD. If your doctor confirms a diagnosis of IBD with tests, she will prescribe a course of treatment based the severity of the disease. There are many different treatment and management options for IBD.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 10 Version 2.jpg
    • Treatment for IBD revolves around reducing the inflammation that triggers the symptoms of the disease. There is no cure for IBD.[34]
    • Treatment for IBD generally involves drug therapy or surgery; most people with Crohn's Disease will have to have some surgery during their lifetime.[35]
    • Your doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs such as aminosalicylates or corticosteroids, to help relieve IBD short term. These drugs can cause side effects such as night sweats, insomnia, hyperactivity, and development of excessive facial hair.[36]
    • Some doctors may prescribe immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, infliximab, or methotrexate.[37]
    • Your doctor may also prescribe an antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin to help control or prevent infection.[38]
  4. Get surgery for IBD. In cases where medication and lifestyle changes don't help IBD, your doctor may elect to do surgery to help manage the disease. Surgery is a last resort treatment and can have some unpleasant side effects that are not particularly long lasting.[39]
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 11 Version 2.jpg
    • Surgery for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease involves removing parts of the gastrointestinal tract.[40]
    • You may have to wear a colostomy bag to collect bowel movements following surgery. It may be a difficult adjustment to living with a colostomy bag, but you can still lead a full and active life.[41]
    • Almost one half of people suffering from Crohn's will require surgery, but it will not cure the disease.[42]A total colostomy can cure the GI aspects of ulcerative colitis, though it will not cure the systemic symptoms of the disease (uveitis, arthritis, etc.)

EditTrying Natural Treatments

  1. Change your eating and nutritional habits. There is some evidence that changing your diet and taking nutritional supplements can help manage the symptoms of IBD. Your doctor may suggest changing your eating and nutritional habits along with other medical therapies.[43]
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 12 Version 2.jpg
    • Your doctor may suggest a feeding tube or nutrient injections to help your bowel rest and reduce inflammation.[44]
    • Your doctor may also suggest a low-residue diet of foods that will not cause a blockage in your bowel.[45] Low-residue foods, which are low in fiber include yogurt, creamy soups, refined white breads and pastas, and crackers. You'll want to avoid raw fruits and vegetables, nuts, and whole grain products.[46]
    • Your doctor may also suggest taking iron, calcium, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B-12 supplements to help replace nutrients lost as a result of the symptoms of IBD.[47]
    • Eating small meals that are low in fat and not high in fiber may help with the symptoms of IBD.[48]
    • Drinking plenty of liquids can help alleviate the symptoms of IBD. Water is the most optimal choice to help keep you hydrated.[49]
  2. Consider trying alternative therapies. While most haven't shown much benefit, they have had positive results for some. Talk with a doctor before trying any herbal or alternative therapies.
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 13 Version 2.jpg
    • Recent studies have shown that alternative therapies such as consuming more soluble fiber or probiotics, drinking peppermint oil teas, or trying hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy are effective at helping some patients minimize the symptoms of IBD.[50]
  3. Alter your lifestyle habits. Making changes to your lifestyle habits can help manage your IBD. From quitting smoking to avoiding stress, these changes may help alleviate your symptoms.[51]
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 14 Version 2.jpg
    • Smoking may make Crohn's Disease worse, and those who smoke are more likely to have relapses and need repeat surgeries.[52]
    • Reducing stress may also help alleviate the symptoms of IBD. You can reduce stress through regular relaxation and breathing exercises or meditation.[53]
    • Regular and even gentle exercise will not only help reduce stress, but may also help normalize bowel function. Speak to your doctor about the best type of exercise to manage your IBD.[54]

EditUnderstanding IBD

  1. Learn about IBD. Since IBD is an umbrella term for Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis, it's important to know the difference between these similar diseases. This may help you more effectively recognize any symptoms of the disease and get timely treatment.[55]
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 15 Version 2.jpg
    • Crohn's Disease is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast to ulcerative colitis, Crohn's Disease mostly affects the end of the small bowel, or ileum, and the beginning of the colon, though it may appear anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus.[56]
    • Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's are both abnormal immune responses, but each of them affects a different site. Ulcerative colitis causes chronic inflammation in the colon and the development of open sores or ulcers in the colon.[57] While Crohn's Disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcerative colitis only affects the colon.[58]
  2. Join a support group or see a therapist. IBD can be an extremely devastating disease for you and your loved ones. Joining a support group of IBD patients or speaking to other doctors or a therapist can help you understand and manage the disease.[59]
    Recognize the Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Step 16.jpg
    • The Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America offers many tools on its website, including stories of others afflicted with IBD. You can also find a support group using their site at http://www.ccfa.org.

EditTips

  • Your prognosis may vary depending on which type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease you have, just as symptoms may vary from person to person. Despite the frustration and pain that comes with these conditions, many people with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases lead healthy, active lives with professional management of their condition and its related symptoms.

EditWarnings

  • Do not attempt to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease without the help of a health specialist. It is important to follow the guidance of a health professional familiar with gastrointestinal ailments and the related treatments for your condition or symptoms.

EditSources and Citations


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