Tuesday, March 1, 2022

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How to of the Day


How to Make an Apple Pie

Posted: 01 Mar 2022 08:00 AM PST

Apple pie is a classic that's welcome any time of the year. For a flaky crust that melts in your mouth, mix an all-butter crust and cut your favorite apples into wedges. Then, combine the apples with spices and brown sugar, roll out the dough, and lay it in the bottom of your pie plate. Spoon the spiced apples into the pie shell and lay the rest of the pastry dough over the fruit. To give your pie a beautiful golden crust, brush an egg wash across the pastry before baking it.

[Edit]Ingredients

[Edit]Pastry Dough

  • 1 2/3 cups (225 g) of all-purpose flour, plus more for rolling
  • 1 tablespoon (15 g) of sugar
  • 1 teaspoon (4 g) of kosher salt
  • 1 cup (225 g) of unsalted butter, cold
  • of cold water

[Edit]Apple Filling

  • 1 cup (225 g) of packed brown sugar
  • 2 1/2 teaspoons (6.5 g) of ground cinnamon
  • 3/4 teaspoon (3 g) of kosher salt
  • 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of ground ginger
  • 1/4 teaspoon (0.5 g) of grated nutmeg
  • 1/4 teaspoon (0.5 g) of ground cloves
  • of tart apples
  • 1/4 cup (25 g) of tapioca starch

[Edit]For the Egg Wash

  • 1 large egg
  • 1 large egg yolk
  • of heavy or whipping cream
  • 1/8 teaspoon (0.5 g) of kosher salt

Makes 1 9-in (22 cm) pie

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Making the Pastry Dough

  1. Whisk the flour, sugar, and salt. Get out a medium bowl and put 1 2/3 cups (225 g) of all-purpose flour into it along with 1 tablespoon (15 g) of sugar and 1 teaspoon (4 g) of kosher salt. Whisk the dry ingredients for about 30 seconds so they're combined.[1]

    Make an Apple Pie Step 1 Version 9.jpg
    • Avoid using whole-wheat or bread flour for the dough since these will make the pastry too dense and tough.
  2. Cut the butter into 1/2 in (1.3 cm) cubes and mix it into bowl. Cut 1 cup (225 g) of cold unsalted butter into cubes and put them in the bowl with the dry ingredients. Use your fingers to toss the butter and smash each cube until it's flat.[2]

    • You don't need to cut or rub the butter into the dry ingredients since it will incorporate when you roll and fold the dough.
  3. Stir in of cold water to make a shaggy dough. Pour the cold water into the bowl and use your hands to mix the dough until it comes away from the sides of the bowl. The dough should be rough and shaggy instead of a smooth ball.[3]

    • The dough should be cool or it will become sticky and difficult to handle. If you need to cool the dough, wrap in plastic wrap and chill it for a few minutes before you roll and fold it.
  4. Roll the dough into a 10 x 15 in (25 x 38 cm) rectangle. Sprinkle a large work surface with flour and scoop the dough onto it. Use a rolling pin to roll the dough into a large, roughly shaped rectangle.[4]

    • It's important to have a well-floured surface or the dough will stick and make it difficult to handle.
  5. Fold the rectangle twice to make a small, thick rectangle. Bring the narrow ends of the rectangle towards the center like you're closing a book. Then fold them in half again so you're left with a thick block of folded dough.[5]

    • Folding the dough will create flaky layers within the pastry.
  6. Divide the dough into 2 equal portions. Use a sharp knife or bench scraper to cut the dough into 2 portions. You'll roll out 1 portion for the bottom crust and 1 portion for the top crust.[6]

    • Since you'll be rolling the dough into a circle, it doesn't matter what shape you cut the dough.

[Edit]Mixing the Apple Filling

  1. Shake the brown sugar, salt, and spices in a sealable plastic bag. Get out a plastic bag and put 1 cup (225 g) of packed brown sugar into it. Add 2 1/2 teaspoons (6.5 g) of ground cinnamon, 3/4 teaspoon (3 g) of kosher salt, 1/2 teaspoon (1 g) of ground ginger, 1/4 teaspoon (0.5 g) of grated nutmeg, and 1/4 teaspoon (0.5 g) of ground cloves. Seal the bag shut and shake it to mix the ingredients together.[7]

    • If you're short on time, substitute 3 1/2 teaspoons (8.5 g) of your favorite apple pie spice for the individual spices.
  2. Peel, core, and cut the apples into 1/2 in (1.3 cm) slices. Rinse of apples and peel them. Then remove the cores and set the apples on a cutting board. Cut each apple into equal sized wedges that are about 1/2 in (1.3 cm) wide.[8]

    • Use your favorite type of apple such as Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Northern Spy, Jonagold, or Pink Lady.
    • You should have about 11 heaping cups (1.9 kg)of cut apples.
  3. Add the apples to the bag and shake them. Open the bag with the spices and brown sugar. Put the apple wedges in the bag and squeeze out as much as as you can before you seal the bag shut. Shake the bag well so the apples are coated with the brown sugar spice mixture.

    • Mixing the apples in the bag will prevent them from browning since they're not exposed to air.
  4. Let the apples rest in the bag at room temperature for 3 hours. The sugar and spices will draw moisture out of the apples as they sit. Turn the bag every once in a while to coat the apples in the syrup that will develop.
    Make an Apple Pie Step 10 Version 8.jpg
    • If you want to prepare the apples in advance, refrigerate the apples as they macerate for up to 8 hours.
  5. Add the tapioca starch and shake the bag. Open the bag with the apple filling and add 1/4 cup (25 g) of tapioca starch. Seal the bag and shake it well so the tapioca starch mixes with the juice. The tapioca starch will thicken the filling as the pie cooks.[9]

    • If you don't have tapioca starch, substitute cornstarch (also called corn flour) or instant clearjel.

[Edit]Assembling the Pie

  1. Roll half of the dough into a 14 in (35.5 cm) circle and lay it in a pie dish. Sprinkle your work surface with a little flour and place half of the dough on it. Use a rolling pin to roll the dough into a large, thin circle that's 14 in (35.5 cm) in diameter.[10]

    • Turn the dough frequently as you roll to prevent it from sticking to your work surface. You may need to sprinkle more flour if the dough becomes sticky.
  2. Lay the pastry in a 9 in (22 cm) pie plate and trim the edges of the dough. Press the dough down so it fits into the corners and sides of the pan. The dough will extend up and over the sides of the pie plate. Take a sharp paring knife and cut the edge of the dough so it hangs over by 1 in (2.5 cm).[11]

    • Discard the scraps or roll them thinly (about 1/4 in or 6 mm) thick and dust them with cinnamon and sugar. Bake them at until they crisp up and become golden brown.
  3. Roll the remaining half of the dough into a 14 in (35.5 cm) circle. Sprinkle your work surface with a little more flour and roll out the remaining half of dough into another large circle. Lay a sheet of parchment paper on a baking sheet and lay the pastry circle on it.[12]

    • Avoid trimming the circle for the top of the pie before you assemble the pie.
  4. Cover and chill the pastry for 2 hours. Cover the pastry in the pie plate with plastic wrap and cover the pastry on the baking sheet with plastic wrap. Transfer them to the refrigerator and chill them for 2 hours so the gluten in the dough relaxes.[13]

    • If you're in a rush and can't chill the dough, you can skip the resting time. Keep in mind that the pastry may not be as tender though.
    • To make the pastry ahead of time, roll and chill it for up to 8 hours.
  5. Spread the apple filling into the pastry-lined shell. Remove the pastry dough from the refrigerator and remove the plastic wrap. Open the bag with the apple filling and pour it into the pastry in the pie pan. Use your hands or a spoon to arrange the apples so they're evenly distributed and mound a little in the center.[14]

    • Remember to pour the accumulated spiced liquid into the shell too since this will thicken the filling.
  6. Lay the top pie crust over the filling and seal the edges. Remove the baking sheet with the circle of pie dough and take off the plastic wrap. Place the circle over the apple filling and then pinch the top crust to the bottom crust. Then take a sharp knife and trim the edge to 3/4 in (19 mm) thick. Fold the sealed edge under itself loosely crimp the edges.[15]
    Make an Apple Pie Step 17 Version 3.jpg
    • If you prefer, press the tines of a fork around the edges to create a hatched look.

[Edit]Baking the Apple Pie

  1. Preheat the oven to and chill the pie for 30 minutes. Turn on the oven and chill the pie while the oven is heating up. Refrigerate the pie until the pastry is firm and cold.[16]

    • You can refrigerate the assembled pie for up to 1 hour.
  2. Beat the egg, yolk, cream, and salt to make the egg wash. Crack 1 egg into a small bowl and add 1 egg yolk, of heavy or whipping cream, and 1/8 teaspoon (0.5 g) of kosher salt. Whisk the mixture until it's completely combined and pale yellow.[17]

    • The egg wash will make the pie a rich, golden brown as it bakes.
  3. Brush the egg wash over the top of the pie and cut 6 vents in the pastry. Remove the chilled pie from the refrigerator. Dip a pastry brush in the egg wash and brush it evenly over the top of the pie. Then use a sharp knife to cut 6 vents across the top of the pie.[18]

    • Each vent should be about 3 in (7.5 cm) long so steam can escape from the filling as the pie bakes.
  4. Set the pie on a baking sheet and bake it for 75 minutes. Lay a sheet of parchment paper on a baking sheet and set the pie on it. Put the pie on the baking sheet into the preheated oven and bake it until the apples are soft and the pastry is golden brown.[19]

    • The baking sheet will catch any drips if the filling bubbles up and over the pie as it's baking.
  5. Cool the pie for at least 1 hour before you serve it. Take the pie out of the oven and let it rest at room temperature so the filling sets up. Then slice the pie and serve it with whipped cream or ice cream.[20]

    • To store leftover apple pie, cover it with aluminum foil and keep it at room temperature for up to 3 days. You can also refrigerate it for up to 4 to 5 days.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

  • For an easier way to make the pie, substitute store-bought pie dough for the homemade pastry. Just lay the pre-rolled pie dough into your pan and proceed with the recipe.
  • If you'd like a unique look, top the pie with a lattice-work crust or crumb topping.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • Measuring cups and spoons
  • Bowl
  • Plastic bag
  • Whisk
  • Sealable plastic bag
  • Baking sheet
  • Parchment paper
  • Paring knife
  • Knife and cutting board
  • 9 in (22 cm) pie plate
  • Rolling pin
  • Pastry brush
  • Pie server

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

  1. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  2. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  3. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  4. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  5. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  6. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  7. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2017/09/bravetart-easy-apple-pie-recipe.html
  8. https://newengland.com/today/food/desserts/pies-pastries/best-apples-apple-pie/
  9. https://www.kingarthurflour.com/guides/pie-baking/pie-thickener.html
  10. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  11. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  12. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2016/06/old-fashioned-flaky-pie-dough-recipe.html
  13. https://www.seriouseats.com/2017/09/how-to-make-easy-apple-pie.html
  14. https://www.seriouseats.com/2017/09/how-to-make-easy-apple-pie.html
  15. https://www.seriouseats.com/2017/09/how-to-make-easy-apple-pie.html
  16. https://www.seriouseats.com/2017/09/how-to-make-easy-apple-pie.html
  17. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2017/09/bravetart-easy-apple-pie-recipe.html
  18. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2017/09/bravetart-easy-apple-pie-recipe.html
  19. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2017/09/bravetart-easy-apple-pie-recipe.html
  20. https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2017/09/bravetart-easy-apple-pie-recipe.html

How to Apply Perfume

Posted: 01 Mar 2022 12:00 AM PST

A simple guide on how to smell your best without overdoing it

Perfume may be just the thing to finish off your outfit, even if it's a T-shirt and your favorite jeans. Applying perfume can liven up a date night, and help attract your desired partner. However, there are some misconceptions as to how to apply perfume, where to apply it, and what types of perfumes to buy. The difference between applying perfume correctly and incorrectly is dramatic, and can change the course of how your evening goes. Luckily, the steps to correctly apply perfume are easy and simple.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Preparing to Apply Your Perfume

  1. Find your perfect perfume. Do not just wear something because it is a designer perfume. Make sure you absolutely love the perfume's top notes and bottom notes.
    Apply Perfume Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • The top notes are what you smell initially right when you get near the spray bottle. These are usually citrus, fruit, and herb smells. They often wear off very quickly, so it is important to check the bottom notes as well.[1]
    • The bottom notes are generally wood and natural smells. To find out if you like the bottom notes, spray a little of the perfume on the back of your wrist, wait 20 minutes and smell the perfume again.[2]
    • You can also filter your decision by going to an actual perfume store (like Bath and Body, or at a perfume counter at a department store) and ask for help.[3]
  2. Choose a daytime or nighttime fragrance. If you are simply going out on the town, going to work, or visiting the beach, try a daytime fragrance. If you are planning a date, or going out to dinner, you might try a nighttime fragrance instead.
    Apply Perfume Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • Look for labels on the packaging. They will usually say either "daytime" or nighttime." If they do not say explicitly, you can usually tell by the color of the packages. Bright yellows, and oranges mean springtime, and are generally daytime fragrances. Dark blues, reds, and purples suggest a nighttime fragrance.[4]
    • Nighttime fragrances are generally sprayed on, or near the neck area. This is because they do not last as long, and you will want a more immediate impact. In that case, apply a little extra moisturizer to the area of choice to hold the fragrance better.[5]
    • Daytime fragrances are generally sprayed down by the hips or knees. This is because they rise as the day goes by, and last longer. Therefore, use some extra moisturizer near the area of choice in order for the fragrance to hold on better.[6]
  3. Take a shower or bath. Your skin absorbs perfume better after it is nice and warm. Make sure when you take your shower or bath that the water is hot, so that your pores can open.[7]
    Apply Perfume Step 3 Version 2.jpg
    • Use a body wash or soap that is unscented, or has very little scent. You do not want your perfume to clash with the smell.[8]
    • This is also a great time to moisturize your skin. Use a cream or oil so that your skin becomes more openly receptive to the perfume.
    • Washing your hair can also help out if you plan on using the perfume in your hair. Make sure to use conditioner so that your hair if soft, and receptive of the perfume.
  4. Dry your skin off. After you take a warm shower or bath, make sure your skin is dry. If you do not, when you spray the perfume on it will not stick. Specifically, get the hard to reach places like the back of your knees, your neckline, and your hair. These are what are called "pulse points," or places where your perfume goes on, and acts at its highest level.[9]
    Apply Perfume Step 4 Version 2.jpg
  5. Hydrate your skin. If you did not apply moisturizer during your shower, definitely do this after you dry off. The perfume has a much better chance to lock on to your skin if it is smooth and soft, rather than dry and rough.[10][11]
    Apply Perfume Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • A lotion or body oil work best. Apply a small amount to your hands and rub it between them. Then take your hands and apply the lotion/oil to the rest of your skin.[12]
    • Another great option is petroleum jelly. The perfume will stick to the jelly molecules, rather than the pores, thereby keeping the fragrance alive longer. Apply small dabs and smooth them out on your skin.[13]
    • The key is to hit the "pulse points." These include, but are not limited to: feet, knees, elbows, collarbone, and neck. These places are where you will apply the perfume, and where the perfume will be most effective.[14]
  6. Apply the perfume before you put your clothes on. Perfume sprayed directly onto clothes can cause water marks which look unseemly, particularly if you are going out to a nice dinner date. Perfume also works much better on "pulse points" rather than clothes, because the molecules interact with direct contact with skin.[15][16]
    Apply Perfume Step 6 Version 2.jpg

[Edit]Applying Your Perfume

  1. Hold fragrance away from your body. You will want to be at least 5-7 inches away from your chest/body. Point the nozzle in the direction of your body. If your skin gets to wet from the spray, you are holding it too closely.[17]
    Apply Perfume Step 7 Version 2.jpg
  2. Spray perfume onto your "pulse points." These points are places where blood vessels are close to the skin. There is extra heat at these points, and because heat rises into the air, your fragrance will more likely be smelled. Some of the most commonly used are collarbones, knees, and necklines.[18]
    Apply Perfume Step 8 Version 2.jpg
  3. Use targeted sprays. Rather than walking through a cloud of perfume mist, direct the spray exactly at the "pulse points." This will increase the effectiveness of the spray, and not cause you to lose so much of the smell.[19]
    Apply Perfume Step 9 Version 2.jpg
  4. Dab your perfume on. If your perfume is not a spray type, you can always use your hands to add the perfume onto a "pulse point." Simply shake a bit of perfume out onto your hand. Rub it between your hands. Gently apply to the skin, and rub gently in a small circle.
    Apply Perfume Step 10 Version 2.jpg
  5. Let your "pulse point" dry without rubbing it. Keep your clothes off until the area is dry. Try and wait at least ten minutes. Neat and natural oils change the scents of the perfume, so you do not want to rub the perfumed area.[20]
    Apply Perfume Step 11 Version 2.jpg
    • Rubbing your wrists together after you have perfumed them is a consistent idea perpetuated over and over again. However, rubbing your wrists together breaks down the molecules of the perfume, and dampens the smell.[21]
  6. Try not to overdo it with the perfume. A little bit goes a long way when it comes to perfume. It is best to put on too little, than too much. You can always sneak a bottle in your purse, and apply some later if you feel it is not strong enough.
    Apply Perfume Step 12 Version 2.jpg

[Edit]Choosing Your Targeted Location

  1. Comb perfume through your hair. Fragrances latch onto fibers, so your hair is a great place to smell good for long periods of time. The perfume also attaches to hair products, such as shampoo and conditioner, making the fragrance last even longer.
    Apply Perfume Step 13 Version 2.jpg
    • Simply mist the spray onto the comb/brush. You can also apply some perfume with your hand or a towel to the comb/brush. Run it gently through your hair. Make sure to get it all over, rather than just in a few spots.[22]
    • Make sure not to get too much in your hair, otherwise the alcohol in the perfume will dry your hair out.
  2. Dab some perfume behind your ears. Veins are very close to your skin in this "pulse point." Put a small amount of perfume on the edge of your fingertips, and dab it behind your ears. Placing perfume behind your ears gets immediate effects and it best for nighttime perfumes.[23]
    Apply Perfume Step 14 Version 2.jpg
  3. Rub in perfume near your collarbone. Your neck/collarbone area has a lot of dips because of the bone structure. This gives the perfume plenty of room to rest, and interact with your skin. You can either dab some perfume on with your fingertips, or spray a little on, 5-7 inches away.[24]
    Apply Perfume Step 15 Version 2.jpg
  4. Spray perfume down your back. The back is not the typical place to put perfume. However, because it is a place entirely covered up by clothes, it has a long shelf life, and not be so overbearing when you go out. Simply reach your hand around and spritz a couple sprays down your backbone. You can also get a friend to do it for you if you cannot reach around.[25]
    Apply Perfume Step 16 Version 2.jpg
  5. Apply perfume behind your knees. Because your knees are constantly moving throughout the day, there is a lot of heat generated. This works with the perfume, and gradually moves the scent upwards as the day goes on. Simply dap a bit of perfume with your fingertips behind the knee, or spray about 5-7 inches away.[26]
    Apply Perfume Step 17 Version 2.jpg
  6. Administer perfume inside of your elbows. Just like your knees, your elbows are "pulse points" that constantly move throughout the day, generating heat. Dab some perfume in your elbows with your fingertips, or spray it on 5-7 inches away.[27]
    Apply Perfume Step 18 Version 2.jpg
  7. Apply perfume in your belly button. This is a rather odd place to put perfume, but it is a great place for your perfume to rest and interact with a "pulse point." It is also covered up with a shirt, so it is not so overbearing. Take a bit of perfume and place it on your fingertips. Run your fingers around and inside your belly button to apply the perfume.[28]
    Apply Perfume Step 19 Version 2.jpg

[Edit]Utilizing Your Perfume

  1. Familiarize yourself with your perfume. Skin reacts in different ways to different perfumes. Notice whether you can smell the perfume after a few hours is up. Check that your skin is not reacting negatively to a particular perfume.[29]
    Apply Perfume Step 20 Version 2.jpg
  2. Reapply scent every four hours. Even the best perfumes do not last very long. Ask a friend or family member whether they think you need some more. Oftentimes you can get used to the smell of your perfume, but it still might be strong.[30]
    Apply Perfume Step 21 Version 2.jpg
  3. Use alcohol wipes and hand sanitizer. If you think that there is too much perfume on you, simply take an alcohol wipe (baby wipe) and some hand sanitizer and wash that area off. You can then dry, and reapply the perfume. Make sure this time not to spray or dab too much.[31]
    Apply Perfume Step 22 Version 2.jpg
  4. Keep perfume out of sunlight, and cool. This is because heat and light change the chemical make-up of the perfume. The perfume then changes smell, which does not bode well for your date night. The best place to store your perfume is in a refrigerator.[32]
    Apply Perfume Step 23 Version 2.jpg
  5. Check the expiration date on your perfume. Like other products, perfume goes out of date. If you notice that there is a sharp smell when you open the bottle, that is another sign that your perfume is way too old.[33]
    Apply Perfume Step 24 Version 2.jpg

[Edit]Tips

  • Do not leave your perfume bottle in direct sunlight, because it makes its scent die out faster.
  • If perfume doesn't sound like your thing, but you still want a nice, subtle scent: try a scented body wash and matching lotion.
  • Try out new scents every once in a while. The same perfume grows old, and you might not be able to smell it after you get used to it.
  • Change up perfumes on special occasions like Valentine's Day, or Christmas.
  • If you don't like perfumes you could try using body mist.
  • Try out a men's cologne. While there may be a stigma attached to this, there are many men's colognes out there on the market which smell great on women as well.
  • Don't wear a different scented deodorant, or your smells can be too extreme.
  • Keep your perfume in the fridge and it will last two to three weeks longer.

[Edit]Warnings

  • Don't wear overpowering perfume that makes people around you uncomfortable.
  • The key is to avoid dousing yourself in perfume. Just do a few light sprays here & there, and you'll do fine.
  • Everyone has a personal "scent circle": approximately an arm's length from the body. No one should be aware of your fragrance unless he or she steps inside your "circle." Fragrances should be one of the most subtle, personal messages you send to those with whom you come in contact.
  • Don't spray perfume with your clothes on. It can stain your clothing, and the perfume sticks to the clothes, not you.
  • Never rub your wrists together (or just rub once to spread the perfume to the other wrist), rubbing wrists does not break molecules or remove perfume, but it does generate heat, which will cause the notes of the perfume to react differently due to faster evaporation.
  • Many liquid perfumes are based in petrol or oil. Solid perfumes are less likely to possess these constituents.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

  1. http://www.perfume.org/all-about-perfume/what-are-top-notes-heart-notes-and-base-notes-fragrance-notes-explained
  2. https://intothegloss.com/2015/06/how-to-make-perfume-scent-last-longer/
  3. http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/Where-Apply-Perfume-Correctly-24271852
  4. http://www.eyemagazine.com/feature/article/sweet-smell-of-excess
  5. http://www.allure.com/beauty-trends/how-to/2008/apply_fragrance
  6. http://www.allure.com/beauty-trends/how-to/2008/apply_fragrance
  7. http://www.bustle.com/articles/102441-how-to-apply-perfume-correctly-because-you-can-make-it-last-all-day-if-you-do
  8. http://www.howcast.com/videos/30526-how-to-apply-perfume/
  9. http://www.washingtonian.com/mom/glow/how-to-apply-perfume-so-it-lasts-all-day-and-night/
  10. https://intothegloss.com/2015/06/how-to-make-perfume-scent-last-longer/
  11. http://www.bustle.com/articles/102441-how-to-apply-perfume-correctly-because-you-can-make-it-last-all-day-if-you-do
  12. http://www.howcast.com/videos/30526-how-to-apply-perfume/
  13. http://beauty.about.com/od/fragranc1/a/where-to-apply-perfume.htm
  14. http://www.washingtonian.com/mom/glow/how-to-apply-perfume-so-it-lasts-all-day-and-night/
  15. http://www.thefashionspot.com/life/170743-how-to-apply-perfume-properly/
  16. http://michellephan.com/beauty-tips-scents-the-proper-way-to-apply-perfume/
  17. http://www.allure.com/beauty-trends/how-to/2008/apply_fragrance
  18. http://beauty.about.com/od/fragranc1/a/where-to-apply-perfume.htm
  19. http://www.nstperfume.com/2007/11/27/perfumista-tip-how-to-apply-perfume/
  20. http://michellephan.com/beauty-tips-scents-the-proper-way-to-apply-perfume/
  21. http://blog.freepeople.com/2013/07/4-tricks-perfume-day/
  22. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3169620/Experts-reveal-apply-perfume-make-day.html
  23. http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a15034/where-to-apply-perfume/
  24. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3169620/Experts-reveal-apply-perfume-make-day.html
  25. http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a15034/where-to-apply-perfume/
  26. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3169620/Experts-reveal-apply-perfume-make-day.html
  27. http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a15034/where-to-apply-perfume/
  28. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3169620/Experts-reveal-apply-perfume-make-day.html
  29. http://www.popsugar.com/beauty/Where-Apply-Perfume-Correctly-24271852
  30. http://www.howcast.com/videos/30526-how-to-apply-perfume/
  31. http://www.perfume.org/all-about-perfume/what-are-top-notes-heart-notes-and-base-notes-fragrance-notes-explained
  32. http://perfumes.allwomenstalk.com/tips-on-how-to-wear-perfume
  33. http://www.thefashionspot.com/life/170743-how-to-apply-perfume-properly/

How to Finish Cutting Boards

Posted: 28 Feb 2022 04:00 PM PST

If you've purchased a wooden cutting board, you'll need to apply a finish to prevent the board from becoming damaged with use. The first step is to choose your preferred finish. Cutting-board finishes come in 2 categories: drying and non-drying. Drying oils require only a single application and soak deep into the wood fibers. Non-drying finishes do not dry or harden in the wood, and so will need frequent reapplication.[1] Cutting boards made from plastic do not need to be finished.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Selecting a Non-Drying Finish

  1. Use mineral oil for an affordable, popular finish. Mineral oil applies easily onto the surface of a wooden cutting board. This option is water resistant, meaning that juicy foods like tomatoes or raw meat won't leak fluids into your cutting boards. Mineral oil is actually derived from petroleum, but is completely food safe. Since it's a non-drying oil, it won't leave an aroma behind.[2]
    Finish Cutting Boards Step 1.jpg
    • You can purchase mineral oil at any kitchen store or woodworking store. Many large grocery stores also sell mineral oil.
  2. Apply a mixture of beeswax and non-drying oil for an attractive finish. Beeswax and oil form a liquid mixture which soaks deep into the woodgrain. This is beneficial to your cutting board, since it makes the wood look attractive and repels water. But, like other non-drying oils, it will require frequent reapplication.[3]
    Finish Cutting Boards Step 2.jpg
    • You don't need to mix beeswax and oil yourself. Mixtures of beeswax and oil (most often at about a 1:5 ratio) are sold in woodworking stores and catalogs.
  3. Opt for carnauba wax for a stiff, water-repelling finish. The texture of carnauba wax is similar to beeswax, but the wax itself dries harder than beeswax and is excellent at repelling liquids. Like beeswax, carnauba wax is typically blended with non-drying oil. If you're planning to cut lots of water-retaining foods on the cutting board, carnauba wax may be your best choice.[4]
    Finish Cutting Boards Step 3.jpg
    • Carnauba wax may be a little tricky to find. Check woodworking stores. If they don't stock the wax, find an online woodworking catalog and order the wax from the website.

[Edit]Choosing a Drying Finish

  1. Finish your cutting board with pure tung oil for a durable finish. Tung oil is a thick substance that will dry and harden in the fiber of the wood. This gives strength to the cutting board and will make it highly water-resistant. Unlike non-drying finish options, tung oil does not need to be frequently re-applied.[5]
    Finish Cutting Boards Step 4.jpg
    • You can purchase tung oil at most woodworking stores and through online woodworking catalogs.
  2. Select raw linseed oil for a cheap and easily attainable finish. Linseed oil is an FDA-approved food additive, meaning that it's among the safest finishes you can put on a cutting board. You can purchase linseed oil at any kitchen-supply store or woodworking store. Many large supermarkets or home-supply stores will also sell it. Linseed is a drying oil, so you'll need to let it sit out for 5–7 days before using the cutting board.[6]
    Finish Cutting Boards Step 5.jpg
    • However, linseed oil also has a few disadvantages. It takes a long time to set, meaning that the cutting board will need to sit out for a few hours after you've applied the oil. Linseed oil also isn't very water resistant.
    • Never apply boiled linseed to a cutting board. This processed oil contains metallic drivers and isn't safe for consumption.
  3. Opt for walnut oil for a dark, protective finish. Walnut oil is a durable, long-lasting finish that will provide a water-resistant coating to your cutting board. The curing time, though, is quite long. You'll need to wait at least 4–5 days for the oil to dry.[7] You can purchase walnut oil at any woodworking store or online catalog. Keep in mind, though, that walnut oil is very dark and will darken the color of the wood you apply it to.
    Finish Cutting Boards Step 6.jpg
    • Depending on how light or dark you'd like your cutting board to be, this could be a positive or negative aspect of using walnut oil.

[Edit]Applying and Maintaining the Finish

  1. Wash the cutting board before finishing it. You don't want to apply finish over bits of food or dirt on the cutting board. So, rinse the board off under running tap water. You can also rub it down with a small dollop of dish soap and a clean sponge.[8]

    • After you rinse it clean, let the board dry for about 30 minutes before applying finish.
  2. Rub a dollop of finish on each side of the cutting board. Pour out a small dollop of finish onto a clean cotton rag. Using the rag, rub the finish onto the cutting board in long horizontal strokes. Make sure to cover the entire surface of the cutting board so there are no gaps in the finish.

    • Once the first side is finished, turn the cutting board over and rub another dollop onto the second side.
  3. Let the finish dry for several hours or days. Different types of oil will take different amounts of time to dry. Non-drying oils will dry in 3–4 hours, while drying oils may take up to 7 days to dry completely. You can tell when the finish is dry by running your fingertips over the wood. If the finish is dry, your fingers will come away clean. If it's still wet, you'll have an oily residue on your fingertips.[9]

    • While the cutting board is drying, leave it in on your countertop or another safe place where it won't be disturbed by kids or pets.
  4. Reapply non-drying oils when the wood begins to look dry. The frequency with which you'll need to reapply non-drying oils will vary based on how often you use the cutting board. Most users will need to reapply the finish about once a month. This includes all non-drying oils like mineral oil and wax mixed with oils.[10]

    • If you neglect to reapply non-drying finish, your cutting board will dry out and fluids from the foods you cut will penetrate the wood.
    • If you finished the cutting board with a drying oil, you won't need to reapply the finish.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

  • Finish
  • Clean cotton cloth
  • Dish soap

[Edit]Tips

  • Never apply a lacquer or a varnish to a cutting board. These finishes form a thin film over wood, which will flake off and get in your food when you're using the cutting board.[11]
  • Film-forming finishes will also quickly break down and allow liquids from the food you're cutting to penetrate the cutting board.[12]
  • Do not apply food-based cooking oils, like olive, vegetable, or canola oil, to your cutting board. As time passes, these oils will turn rancid in the wood.[13]

[Edit]References

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