| How to Apply Witch Makeup Posted: 24 Oct 2018 05:00 PM PDT Broomsticks, pointy hats, black cats and big noses: there's no costume more timeless and classic than a witch. But even more important than her famous accessories, the modern-day witch completes her spooky ensemble with some fierce makeup. Whether you want to go green and ghoulish, subtle and sexy, or something in between, there's a wicked witch look out there that will have you practically cackling with glee. EditPainting and Altering Your Face - Tie back your hair. You want a green face, not green hair! Pull it back in a ponytail and tuck it behind your ears. For even more security, slip a wig cap over your head.[1]
- Set a base layer of face primer and foundation for a less spooky look. For a sexier, less-green witch, grab primer and foundation in your natural skin color, or go a couple shades lighter to maintain a ghoulish feel.[2]
- Rub on your primer, then dab foundation on your face and blend it out with a brush, extending down and blending with the skin on your upper neck.
- Using your fingers, rub concealer under your eyes or on any spots, then brush on some powder to help the makeup set.
- Contour your face subtly for a hollowed look. Brush a brown or tan color along the tops of your cheek bones and the edges of your jaw with a makeup brush and blend it carefully. Use a thinner brush along the ridges of your noise. Highlight the tops of your cheekbones and the tip of your nose with a light brown or white eyeshadow to get a 3-D effect.[3]
- Your eyes will be pretty dramatic, so you can either keep the contouring subtle or use it to enhance the witchy look even more.
- Paint your face and neck with green face paint for a spooky look. Buy face paint at your local costume store or makeup boutique. Mix a darker shade with some white for a less intense color, or ramp up the impact with a neon or lime green. If you have very sensitive skin, consider applying a thin base layer of natural makeup under your green face paint so your skin doesn't become irritated.[4]
- Squeeze some paint onto a palette or paper plate and use a soft makeup sponge to dab it onto your face, blending as you go.
- Apply it as close as you can to your hairline, onto your ears if they'll be exposed, and down your neck and chest to meet the neckline of your dress or shirt. Leave your eyelids bare, since you'll be doing a smoky eye look later.
- Dab away the excess paint afterwards with a fresh sponge.
- Blend green eyeshadow over the paint to prevent creasing. Use a medium-sized makeup brush and choose a green that's similar to your face paint. This extra layer will help the face paint set, so you won't have to worry about it creasing or smudging.[5]
- Use a yellow eyeshadow as highlighter over the paint. With a clean makeup brush, apply a yellow eyeshadow under the inner corners of your eyes, blending it towards your nose, and along the tops of your cheekbones.[6]
- Contour with a dark green eyeshadow to complete a green face. Use a fresh brush to apply forest green eyeshadow along your cheekbones. Use a thin brush to paint dark green liquid liner onto the ridges of your nose, going from the top to the tip. Blend it with a makeup sponge to get a witchy, long-nosed look. You can also dab a bit of the same liquid liner onto your chin with a makeup sponge to achieve a pointed effect.[7]
- Can't figure out where to contour your cheeks? Pull a "fish face" to make your cheekbones pop and apply your eyeshadow.
- Let any face paint dry before you get dressed. To make for an authentic green witch costume, try to cover up exposed skin that you don't want to paint green, like your hands and ankles. Use long black gloves and a long skirt for a look that's both elegant and efficient. Buy a large witch hat or move your hair forward if you'd rather not paint your ears.[8]
EditApplying Eye Makeup - Brush on a green cream eyeshadow to blend with green face paint. Apply it with a small brush, spreading the eyeshadow gently across your upper and lower eyelids and blending it with the face paint where they meet. Use a shade that approximately matches the paint.[9]
- Add a dramatic cat-eye to your green-faced witch. The farther you extend the cat-eye, the more striking the style will be. If you want to be a spooky witch with big, haunting eyes, go for it![10]
- Brush some matte black eyeshadow onto the top of your eyelid and follow the crease line out. Then, use a green eyeshadow to blend it out into your green face paint, towards your nose and underneath the the lash line.
- Choose a bright green shadow for the main part of the lids and apply with a small brush.
- Use a black liquid liner to create a thick line just below your lower lashes and above your upper ones. Extend it out into the cat-eye tail and blend it out.
- Create smoky witch eyes for a subtler, sexy look. To achieve the neatest cat-eye, place a piece of tape just under your eye so that the straight edge curves out a bit towards your temples. This will ensure that you get a neat, elegant extension as you apply your eyeshadow. If you use tape, make sure to do your eyes before you prime and contour the rest of your face.[11]
- Use your fingers to spread primer on your eyelids up to your eyebrows. Then, rub on a brightly-colored eyeshadow with your fingers, using multiple layers to make the color pop. Try green or purple for a classic witchy look, or experiment with other neon colors.
- Blend a matte brown eyeshadow into the crease of your eye with a large blending brush, just above the colored eyeshadow. With a smaller, tapered brush, blend a black eyeshadow into the outer corner of your eye and into the crease.
- To make your colored eyeshadow pop, use a small brush to swipe on white eyeshadow below your brow and along the inner corner of your eye.
- Apply a black liquid liner along your upper lid, following the crease outwards towards your temple.
- Use false lashes and mascara to make your eyes pop. Both spooky and sexy witches need big, striking eyes, so invest in a pair of dramatic false lashes or layer on that mascara. For an extra shimmer, dab on a bit of silver glitter eyeshadow.[12]
EditAdding Embellishments - Use prosthetics for a creepy, spooky look. Buy a fake hooked nose, a pointy chin or a stick-on wart at a costume supply store. Apply them using the directions on the package and make sure they're safe to use with makeup.
- You can stick on your prosthetics before your do your makeup, or add them on after and swipe on a bit of extra green paint.
- Accentuate your eyebrows. Use a thin brush and black eyeliner to fill in and darken your eyebrows. Paint it past the end of your brows for an elongated look, or arch it upwards for extra drama and a pointier, more evil feel.[13]
- For a non-green witch, you can also use brown eyeliner to define your brows.
- Paint your lips with green, black or purple lipstick. If you're using a lip brush, begin by outlining your lips, emphasizing the cupid's bow and making it pointier if you want an extra evil look, then filling in the main part of the lips. You can also apply straight from the bullet, keeping your hand steady and applying slowly.[14]
- Choose a black or purple lipstick for an intense, dramatic effect, or go with a slighter darker shade of green than your main face paint color. You'll look spooky and witchy either way.
- Add a fake mole as a playful touch for a sexy or spooky witch. Using an eyeliner pencil, dot a small point below your lips, to the right or left of your chin. Twist the pencil to get a nice circle effect.
- Finished.
EditThings You'll Need - Hair tie
- Wig cap (optional)
- Green face paint
- Primer
- Foundation
- Concealer
- Makeup brushes in varying sizes
- Several soft makeup sponges
- Green eyeshadows: light, dark, and neon shades
- Yellow eyeshadow
- Black matte eyeshadow
- Brown or tan eyeshadow for contouring
- Silver glitter eyeshadow
- Black liquid eyeliner
- Green, black, purple or red lipstick and lipliner
- Mascara
- Fake eyelashes
- Tape
- Prosthetic nose, chin, or warts (optional)
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found
|
| How to Harvest Romaine Lettuce Posted: 24 Oct 2018 09:00 AM PDT Romaine lettuce is a healthy, popular variety of head lettuce, which is relatively easy to grow in a home garden or planter. Romaine can be harvested in 1 of 2 ways: you can harvest the entire head of lettuce at once, whether by pulling up the head, roots and all, or by cutting off the head at the base. Alternately, you can harvest the outer leaves of the head and let the inner leaves continue to grow and mature. EditHarvesting the Entire Lettuce Head - Harvest the romaine heads about 65–70 days after planting the seeds. When grown from seeds, romaine lettuce takes only a little less than 3 months to fully mature. You can tell when the heads are mature by their visual appearance: they'll have a dark green color and look leafy and open.[1]
- Unlike iceberg lettuce, the romaine heads will not be densely closed in upon themselves when mature.
- Cut the entire head off above the base if you want a second harvest. If you'd like to harvest the entire romaine head at once, use a sharp pair of gardening shears to snip through the base of the romaine. Make the cut about above the surface of the soil.[2]
- Be careful not to cut through any rocks or soil, or you'll end up dulling the blades of your shears.
- Give the lettuce time to re-sprout leaves after the first harvest. When you cut off the entire head at once, the roots of the romaine will often produce additional lettuce leaves. After they grow and mature, you'll be able to glean a second harvest. You can expect to wait another 55–60 days for the second harvest.[3]
- However, these leaves will not form another "head" shape, and will be looser and less numerous than the lettuce leaves on the initial romaine head.
- Pull the romaine head out of the ground to ensure a single harvest. If you'd rather not have a second harvest of lettuce, you can harvest the entire head of lettuce at once. You won't need gardening shears for this. Just grasp the base of the lettuce head with one hand, and firmly pull upward until it dislodges from the ground.[4]
- Pulling up the full romaine head will bring the roots out of the ground as well.
- Break any clumps of dirt off of the roots. In order to leave the garden patch relatively undisturbed, and to avoid bringing dirt indoors, remove excess dirt from the romaine's roots. You can do this with either hand while you're pulling the lettuce head up from the ground.[5]
- Once the lettuce is uprooted, pat the dirt back in place so there isn't a hole left in the garden patch.
- You can also dig around in the soil a bit to remove any leftover roots that may be stuck in the soil. If left in the soil, these leaves may re-sprout and grow more romaine.
- Break apart the lettuce head and rinse the individual leaves. Once you've brought the lettuce head inside, break it apart by pulling each individual leaf away from the head's base. Then rinse the individual leaves under cool tap water.
- You can serve the lettuce immediately in a garden salad, or keep the leaves for up to 10 days in an airtight bag in your fridge.
EditHarvesting the Outer Leaves - Harvest the lettuce in the morning for fresh, crisp leaves. If you pick lettuce leaves early in the day, they won't have been dried out by the sun. If you wait too long and pick your lettuce in the afternoon or evening, you may end up with slightly withered leaves.[6]
- If you lose track of time and forget to harvest in the morning, it's best just to wait until the next morning and harvest then.
- Mature romaine leaves are typically dark green and in height.
- Pick the 6–8 outer leaves first to prolong the harvest. If you'd like to have a harvest of only mature leaves, choose the outermost 6–8 leaves from the lettuce head.[7] The advantage to this method of harvesting romaine is that you'll be able to enjoy a prolonged harvest, as each set of inner leaves takes another week or so to mature.
- The disadvantage is that each harvest will be relatively small.
- Snap off romaine leaves with a sharp twist. To pluck individual romaine leaves, grasp each leaf firmly at its base, and tweak it sharply downward until the leaf snaps off.
- If you try to pull upwards on the leaves, you may start to uproot the whole plant.
- Harvest the inner leaves once they've reached about . Keep an eye on the inner leaves of the romaine head and give them time to continue growing. Once they've opened up and matured, they're ready to harvest. This process can happen quickly, so check on your garden daily.[8]
- You'll be able to get 3–4 additional harvests by picking only the mature, outermost leaves each time.
- Rinse the harvested leaves and store them in the fridge for up to 10 days. Once you've harvested the outer leaves from each of your romaine plants, rinse dirt off of the leaves by running them under cool tap water. Pat them dry and store them in a plastic bag in your refrigerator.[9]
- If kept dry in the fridge, the romaine leaves should keep for about 10 days.
- Be sure to sanitize any cutting tools you use both before and after you harvest your lettuce.
- Always be sure to rinse your lettuce thoroughly with warm water before eating it, especially if you used any insecticide or fungicide while it was growing.
- If left to mature for too long, lettuce leaves will over-ripen and take on an unpleasant woody texture.[10]
EditSources and Citations
Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found
|
| How to Write a Literary Analysis Posted: 24 Oct 2018 01:00 AM PDT A literary analysis is the process where you read a literary work very closely to figure out how the author gets their main points across. Start by taking notes on the text and reading it very carefully, then develop and outline your argument. Write the analysis according to your outline, and proofread it carefully before turning it in or sending it on. EditTaking Notes and Developing Your Argument - Write down ideas as you read through the text. The first time you read through your text, take notes on things that stand out, such as the main conflict, the characters' motivations, the tone, and the setting.[1]
- Mark pieces of the text that seem interesting or noteworthy. Does the author seem to be making a major statement in one section? Are they suddenly being more philosophical? Highlight or make a note about that section.
- For instance, one of the main quotes you see repeated from George Orwell's novel 1984 is "War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength." As it's the Party's (the country's only political party) main slogan, that keys you into the fact that it's going to be important to the story. It's a good idea to use a certain color highlighter to mark this statement every time it's made. This makes it easier to spot the statement so you can analyze where, when, and why Orwell is repeating the line.
- Note the literary devices the author uses. Literary devices are things the author uses to tell the story or make a point. They could include alliteration, imagery, metaphors, allusions, allegories, repetition, flashback, foreshadowing, or any number of other devices the author employs to write the story or poem.[2]
- For instance, imagery is how the author uses vivid language to help create mental pictures. It can set the tone of the work. Take this example from George Orwell's novel 1984, which is presented as the fourth paragraph in the novel:
- "Outside, even through the shut window-pane, the world looked cold. Down in the street little eddies of wind were whirling dust and torn paper into spirals, and though the sun was shining and the sky a harsh blue, there seemed to be no colour in anything, except the posters that were plastered everywhere."
- Just from this short text, you get a sense of the harshness of the world, drained of color and very cold.
- Focus on the key themes the author seems to be expressing. Themes are the major ideas the author seems to be repeating throughout the text. They can be things like religion, government, good versus evil, authority, social structure, coming-of-age, war, education, or human rights, to name a few. Identify the themes as early as you can in your reading, as this makes it easier to annotate examples of the themes as you read.[3]
- In 1984, some of the main themes Orwell focuses on are war, authority, and social structure.
- Look at the form of the work. The form refers to how the text is constructed. In a long work, it can mean how the work is divided and whether it's in first-person or third-person. In a poem, look at the line breaks, the stanza arrangement, the shape of the poem, and even the negative space the writer uses. Think about why the author chose this particular form and how it helps present the ideas.[4]
- Think about how the form and content relate to each other. Then, consider how they might be in tension with each other.
- For example, a poem often contains less information than a novel, so the writer might use the form to draw attention to the unknown or unanswered questions.
- Consider the historical context of the work. No work is written in a vacuum, so the time period and location where the author is writing will affect the text. Research where the author lived, the time period the novel was written in, and what was going on at the time.[5]
- For instance, 1984 came out just after WWII in 1949, when fascism had threatened to take over the globe. However, equally important, Orwell had witnessed the problems of totalitarian regimes in places like Spain and wanted to warn against the advancement of totalitarianism in any form, from the political left or right.[6]
- Decide what the author's purpose is in writing the text. An author can have several purposes for writing a text. Your job is to identify at least one of them you can write about. Don't worry about what you choose, as long as you can back up what you think the purpose is with evidence from the text.[7]
- When identifying the author's purpose, examine the historical context of the novel, as well as the author's themes. You can also read other analyses and reviews of the text, as well as interviews of the author.
- For example, one of Orwell's main purposes in writing 1984 was to show how if citizens don't keep their government in check, it can lead to a totalitarian government where every movement and thought is scrutinized.
- Brainstorm about how the author shows their main purpose. Connect the notes you took on the text with what you consider to be one of the author's main purposes. Think about how the author is using these devices to make their point.[8]
- For instance, in the slogan "War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength," you get a introduction to the author's purpose. It gives the reader a view of what's ahead: citizens in this society are required to swallow contradictory statements from the government without question, a concept known in the novel as "doublethink."
- Decide on your argument by focusing your topic. Focus on one element of the story that exemplifies what you think the main purpose is. Think about what stands out about that particular topic to you. Why does it seem important?[9]
- For example, maybe you decide that you want to focus on how imagery sets up the tone for the novel 1984. Why is that important? Without that imagery, the novel would be very different, and Orwell would have had difficulty setting up a believable world for the reader.
EditOutlining the Paper - Write a thesis statement. The thesis statement is the main idea of your paper. You want to cover your basic argument to let your readers know what you plan to argue. For a literary analysis, you should connect the main idea or theme of the work to a specific way the author shows it.[10]
- For example, you might write, "In 1984, Orwell's use of imagery to establish a bleak and dreary world is key to bringing home his theme that totalitarianism is something to be avoided at all costs."
- Organize your argument from start to finish. How you organize your essay is up to you. One typical method is to go through the book in order, providing your evidence starting at the beginning of the book and moving towards the end.[11]
- Alternatively, it may make sense to you to begin with a historical introduction to the work to provide context.
- Another method is to present your most important part of the argument first and work down from there.
- Set up your main ideas or paragraphs. Write down a Roman numeral for each main idea you want to cover in your essay, as well as your introduction and conclusion. Next to the Roman numeral, jot down that main idea in a shortened form.[12]
- For instance, you might write:
- I. Introduction
- II. Provide background information and historical context for 1984
- III. Introduce the author's main theme
- IV. Establish how imagery helps create the theme
- V. Conclusion
- Add the main points you want to cover in each paragraph. Under each Roman numeral, use letters and then Arabic numerals to go into more detail about what you want to cover in each section. You can be very specific or just cover the basics. However, the more specific you are, the easier it will be to write your essay.[13]
 - Your detailed outline might look something like this:
- I. Introduction
- A. Introduce work, including author, title, and date
- B. Thesis: In 1984, Orwell's use of imagery to establish a bleak and dreary world is key to bringing home his theme that totalitarianism is something to be avoided at all costs.
- II. Provide background information and historical context for 1984
- A. Discuss World War II
- B. Bring up Orwell's experiences in Spain
- 1. Experiences of fascism influenced work
- 2. Feared totalitarianism on the right and left
- C. Coined phrase "cold war"
- III. Introduce the author's main theme
- A. Warning against totalitarianism
- 1. Party in complete control
- 2. No privacy, even for thoughts
- 3. Orwell thought this was the logical conclusion of a complete totalitarianism
- IV. Establish how imagery helps create the theme
- A. Book begins with bleak, colorless imagery, sets up tone
- B. Description of urban decay creates a feeling of the world falling apart
- B. Contrasting imagery when Winston has experiences with Julia, re-establishes purpose of main imagery
- V. Conclusion
EditWriting Your Essay - Introduce each main topic with a couple of introductory sentences. With each point you make, provide a short introduction to it at the beginning of the paragraph. This just establishes what the idea is. It can also connect the idea to the rest of your text.[14]
- For instance, you might write, "From the very beginning of the novel, Orwell establishes that this world is bleak and dreary, one that no one would want to live in."
- When writing a literary analysis, you must draw your argument out through the whole essay. That means that with each paragraph you add, you need to connect it to the main thesis of the essay. Doing so helps your reader see the overall point you're making.
- Backup your points with quotes from the text. When you're writing a literary analysis, you must show your reader where you found the evidence in the text. That means, when you make an assertion about the text, you need to add a quote or paraphrase the text to back up what you're saying.[15]
- Go over your annotations to find good quotes. Then, explain what the quote means and how it supports your point. Make sure your analysis of the quote takes up at least as much space as the quote itself.
- For example, you might add, "From the very beginning of the novel, Orwell establishes that this world is bleak and dreary, one that no one would want to live in; he writes: 'Outside, even through the shut window-pane, the world looked cold. Down in the street little eddies of wind were whirling dust and torn paper into spirals, and though the sun was shining and the sky a harsh blue, there seemed to be no colour in anything, except the posters that were plastered everywhere.'"
- Don't forget to provide proper citations for the text.
- Analyze how your evidence backs up the main point you're making. With this step, you need to answer why the point you're making is important. Show the reader that the evidence you provide relates to your main argument.[16]
- For example, to complete the paragraph after the quote you provided, you might write the following:
- This world is harsh to inhabitants, "cold" and foreboding, without even color to break up the monotony. A bright, sunny day doesn't even provide a reprieve from this bleakness, and Orwell uses passages like these to establish that this world could be the future, a harsh reality with no escape into fantasy or pleasantries.
- Write your introduction. If you haven't already, fill in your introduction. Part of your introduction should be your main thesis, but you should also introduce the main points you want to make throughout the essay, as well as the work itself.[17]
- Try to draw your reader in with your introduction. You could write:
- Imagine a world where every facial expression, every movement, every word you say is endlessly scrutinized by an overreaching government. Anyone who breaks the rules or steps out of line is punished harshly. If it sounds like a bleak reality that no one would want to live in, that was entirely George Orwell's point in writing the novel 1984, a book that creates a picture of a dystopian future where citizens are controlled by a totalitarian government. In 1984, Orwell's use of imagery to establish a bleak and dreary world is key to bringing home his theme that totalitarianism is something to be avoided at all costs. This point was driven home for him by his time spent in Spain under fascism, as well as political climate of the time, which was World War II."
- Create your conclusion. In the conclusion, you need to draw your argument back together and tie it up neatly for your reader. That way, they can see how everything fits together.[18]
- For example, you might write:
- For Orwell, the fact that the world could be headed towards totalitarianism was disastrous. That fate, no matter whether it came from the right or left, was something every citizen should fight against. In his novel, Orwell shows the logical conclusion of a world controlled by totalitarianism, and it's through the literary device of imagery that he draws the reader into that world. Once the reader experiences that dreary world, they will want no part of a government that could thrust them into that harsh reality.
EditPolishing Your Essay - Make sure your argument makes sense from beginning to end. Try to read through your essay as if you had never read the text you're analyzing. Can you follow the argument with just the assertions, evidence, and analysis you've provided? If you can't, try going back through and filling in any blanks.
- You can also ask a friend to read through it to see if they can follow it.
- Take out phrases like "I think" or "In my opinion." When you're first writing a literary essay, you may be timid about your analysis. Most everyone is! However, when you present your argument, leave out these phrases. It weakens your argument, and signals to the reader you're not confident in what you're doing.[19]
- Proofread your essay by reading it out loud. Watch for any mistakes your spellcheck catches, but you should also check it yourself. Reading it out loud helps you slow down and catch more mistakes in the text.[20]
- For instance, you may notice words that are wrong or places where the sentence structure sounds a little funky.
- Let someone else proofread it. It always helps to have another set of eyes when proofreading. Ask a friend, parent, or classmate to go over your essay to see if they catch any grammatical mistakes.
- Be sure you have a clear understanding of the essay assignment before writing your analysis. Always to follow the teacher's instructions and guidelines.
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations EditQuick Summary
Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found
|
No comments:
Post a Comment