| How to Photograph Underwater Posted: 05 May 2018 05:00 PM PDT To take photographs underwater, you can use a basic point-and-shoot camera, a GoPro, or, if you have more photography experience, a professional DSLR camera. All you need is a protective covering! Purchase a waterproof protective casing if you are using your smartphone or basic camera, or buy a waterproof housing to protect your DSLR camera and lens. For best results, take your pictures on sunny days, and shoot as close to your subject as you can. Get your gear, jump in, and take your shots! EditObtaining a Waterproof Camera - Purchase a waterproof point-and-shoot camera to take basic pictures. Point-and-shoot cameras are great for beginners because you don't have to change many settings. They come with automatic settings you can experiment with, but for the most part these cameras are very straightforward and easy to use. You can purchase either a digital waterproof camera or a disposable point-and-shoot.[1]
- Popular camera brands like Olympus and Nikon make point-and-shoot cameras for underwater photography.
- Try using a GoPro to easily take underwater photos and videos. The GoPro brand makes simple video cameras that can also shoot photos. Some models require an additional waterproof housing, while advanced models are made out of waterproof materials. If you are looking for an introduction to underwater photography, consider investing in a GoPro.[2]
- GoPros can shoot awesome video and pictures above water as well.
- Use waterproof plastic pouches and cases to protect your camera. If you want to take pictures underwater with your existing camera, choose between a hardshell protective case or a waterproof, sealable plastic pouch. You can shop online or at most electronic or photo stores.
- Both options work great for underwater photography.
- Invest in a hardshell underwater housing to protect your DSLR camera. If you have a professional camera already and would like to try shooting underwater, purchase an underwater housing for your camera and lens. In addition, you need to purchase a waterproof port system to protect the inner workings of your camera.[3]
- Some popular underwater housing brands include Ikelite, Nimar, and Ewa Marine, to name a few.
- The underwater housing comes in 2 parts, 1 for your camera body and 1 for the lens. The housing lets you still control the camera settings from outside.
- The housing units in total cost between $1,850 - $2,400 (£1,307.21 - 1,695.84).
EditPreparing Your DSLR Camera - Use your factory lens to shoot pictures underwater if you are a beginner. You can take great photos underwater with just about any lens. If you are just getting started, use the lens that you bought with your DSLR camera. You can add on accessory lenses after you nail the basics.[4]
- Just make sure you have a protective housing!
- Try using a macro lens to shoot close-up subjects in full detail. If you feel comfortable shooting underwater and want to take your pictures to the next level, invest in a macro lens. Macro lenses provide amazing, clear details that other lenses may not capture. They have great zoom capabilities and are best to capture details up close. [5]
- Macro lenses are great to shoot close-ups of fish and coral, for example.
- Look for small objects and focus your camera directly at your subject.
- You can also use a wide angle lens for great underwater photography.
- Turn on your flash if shooting within of your subject. Set your flash mode to "Forced flash" rather than "Auto-flash" to connect your camera to your flash. Having a bit of additional lighting adds color and detail to your picture.[6]
- If you don't use a flash at take a close-up shot, your image may look mostly blue.
- The closer you are to your image, the more color, contrast, and sharpness your image will have.
- You can shoot without a flash if you are more than about away from your subject.
- Set your white balance to automatic if you are using a flash. Flashes will provide additional lighting to your underwater image. Because of this, use the auto white balance setting so your pictures don't look too bright. To do this, look for your camera's white balance, and select "Auto."[7]
- If you are having trouble locating the settings, review your camera's owners manual.
- Program your camera to underwater mode if you are not using a flash. Most modern cameras come with an automatic setting option to shoot underwater. Use this if you don't plan on using external lighting. Typically, the underwater setting provides adequate color balancing when shooting underwater.[8]
- If your images look dark, consider adjusting your white balance to manual.
- Set your aperture priority to F8 or program mode if shooting close up. If your camera has an F8 option, use this when shooting animal or human portraits. If you do not have F8, then select the program mode in your aperture settings.[9]
- F8 and program mode both help take clear, detailed pictures from only a few feet away.
- Select an aperture priority of F2 or F3 when taking scenic pictures. If you want to take pictures of coral reefs or wide-angled shots of your subject, use a low F stop. For best results, go with F2.8 if available. If your camera does not offer these F stops, you can shoot in program mode.[10]
- Using these F stops helps your camera capture as much light as possible from a wide, large foreground.
EditTaking Quality Pictures - Set up your camera and housing inside and take some practice shots. Before you go near your body of water, place your camera inside its housing so it is secure. Adjust your settings for underwater photos before you submerge your camera, so you won't have to make many adjustments from underwater. Snap a couple of shots to get a sense of your settings, even though they will look different above water.[11]
- This will make sure your camera is in proper working order and is totally protected before you submerge it in water.
- Take your pictures on bright, sunny days between 8-11am. When shooting underwater, you want to take advantage of as much natural light as possible. You will get the clearest, brightest underwater images if you shoot during bright days when the sun is at its peak.[12]
- You can also try shooting at different times of the day to play with various levels of light, but shoot in the morning to take your best pictures.
- Stay below the surface, especially if taking portraits. If you aren't familiar with scuba diving, it is best to stay at the surface of the water. For taking pictures of human subjects, you can best capture their skin tones within the first few feet of the surface.[13]
- Taking your pictures from this level is helpful because you can utilize both reflections and direct lighting since you are near the surface.
- Once you go below , you lose the warmth and color of an individual's skin tone.
- Learn to scuba dive if you want to take pictures in deep water. If you want to take more advanced photos underwater, learn to scuba dive so you can reach deeper depths. You can learn about scuba diving by researching online, and take lessons when you are ready to learn.
- Take close-ups of people or animals from no more than away. When taking pictures underwater, your camera has a difficult time focusing on the image since there is limited lighting. Because of this, get as close as possible to your subjects when shooting underwater.[14]
- The photos you take from over away may turn out blurry.
- Photograph upwards or from eye level instead of from above. The subject of your image may look distorted or out of proportion if you shoot from above, because of the way the water refracts the image. To avoid this, get below your subject and point your camera upwards.[15]
- You can also shoot from eye level and point your camera straight ahead.
- Shoot in clean and clear water for best results. To get the most detailed and crystal-clear images, avoid taking photos in murky, dark water. If you can see through the water easily, then your camera can easily take your shot.
- Your camera will have a hard time focusing and taking clear photos if the water is very dark and hard to see through.
EditRelated wikiHows - Have patience! It can be tricky to get the hang of underwater photography, but try taking a bunch of photos in a few different underwater settings to get the hang of it.
- Always dive with a buddy! You never want to be underwater without someone keeping tabs on you.
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Dress a Newborn Baby Posted: 05 May 2018 09:00 AM PDT Dressing a newborn for the first time can be a nerve-wracking experience, but it doesn't have to be! Knowing how to safely dress and undress your newborn, you will feel more confident as you care for your newborn each day. You will need to consider the temperature to ensure your newborn's safety and comfort, especially in extreme temperatures. Following some important safety tips can also help you choose clothes for your newborn. EditDressing and Undressing a Newborn - Place your baby on a sturdy surface or on your lap. Your newborn will need to be lying down while you change their clothes, so designate a flat, sturdy surface for these clothing changes. You can also use your lap as a changing surface when your baby is still a newborn. This may help them to feel more secure.[1]
- You may want to invest in a changing table or at least a contoured changing pad to use for clothing and diaper changes. You will spend a lot of time changing your baby's clothes and diapers, so this is a good investment.
- Set up your changing station so that you will not have to bend or kneel for clothing and diaper changes because this will be hard on your back.
- Stretch shirt and onesie necklines to help them fit over your newborn's head. When putting on or taking off a shirt or onesie, make sure to stretch the neckline with your hands. Newborns do not like having things put over their heads, and they may fuss or cry. Stretching the neckline will help to make putting a shirt on and taking it off easier for your baby and for you.[2]
- Some shirts and onesies also have buttons near the neckline that you can undo to make it easier to get them over your baby's head.
- Lay your newborn on top of unbuttoned or unzipped clothes. Prepare the clothing you want your newborn to wear for easy dressing by unbuttoning or unzipping it and placing it on the changing table with the fabric open. This will allow you to lay your newborn on top of the pajamas, shirt, or onesie and easily put their legs and arms into the legs and sleeves.
- Put your baby's feet into the pajama bottoms first. Insert your newborn's feet into their pajama bottoms before putting their arms into the sleeves. Button or zip the bottoms up to keep them on while you work on the sleeves.[3]
- If the pants you want to put on your newborn are separate from the top, put the onesie on first and then put on the pants.
- Pull your baby's hand through the sleeve. Don't try to push your baby's arm through the sleeve of a shirt, onesie, or other piece of clothing. Insert your index and middle fingers and thumb in through the sleeve and grasp your baby's hand. Then, gently pull your baby's hand through the sleeve.[4]
- When putting on a onesie or shirt that goes over your baby's head, pull the fabric down around their body after you get it over their head.[5] Then, reach through the sleeves and gently guide their arms through the sleeves by grasping their hands.
- Secure the buttons or zipper. After your baby's arms and legs are in the clothing properly, adjust the fabric around their waist and neck as needed and secure the buttons or zipper. Make sure to secure the buttons so that they are lined up properly. If the clothing zips up, be careful not to catch your newborn's skin in the zipper and make sure the zipper pull is facing down and away from their face. Most zippered outfits have a flap of fabric to goes over the zipper to protect your newborn's face from this hard metal piece.
- Onesies usually button at the crotch. Pull the fabric down around their waist and hips and then secure the buttons between their legs.[6]
- Include a pair of socks if your newborn's clothes do not have footies. It is important to keep your newborn's feet covered. If you are dressing your newborn in a pair of pants or pajamas that include footies, then you don't need to worry about socks. However, if the pants do not have footies, then put a pair of socks on your newborn's feet to keep them warm.[7]
- Check your newborn's socks often to ensure that they are still on. Babies can easily kick off their socks, especially if the socks are a bit big on them.
- You may also include legwarmers over your newborn's pants to keep them warm when going outside. As an added bonus, these may help to keep your baby's socks on.
- Put thin mittens on your baby's hands to prevent them from scratching. Babies have sharp little fingernails that grow very quickly, and they often rub their faces, which can result in scratches. Your newborn may scratch their face so much that they leave marks or even break the skin. If you have noticed your infant scratching their face often, then placing thin mittens on your newborn will prevent them from hurting themselves.[8]
- These thin mittens are helpful for protecting your baby's face when they are newborns, but they will eventually learn how to pull off the mittens as they grow and develop.
EditAdjusting for Temperature - Use the 1 more layer rule to dress your baby. A good rule of thumb to remember when dressing your baby is to include 1 more layer than you are wearing. This rule can help you to dress your baby so that they will be comfortable.[9]
- For example, if you are comfortable in 1 layer of clothing, such as a pair of sweatpants and a long sleeved shirt, then your newborn will need 2 layers, such as an undershirt and a pair of long sleeve pajamas.
- For babies who are premature, include 2 extra layers.
- Opt for multiple layers in cold weather. Newborns lose body heat easily, so it is important to keep them warm. The best way to do this is to layer your newborn's clothing and add/subtract layers as needed.[10]
- For example, you can dress your newborn in a long sleeve onesie with a light cardigan or sweater over it. This way you can remove the cardigan if it gets to warm in your home, or add another layer if you need to take your baby out, such as a coat or pair of button down pajamas.
- Make sure to include a hat to keep your newborn's head warm. Hats are especially important in cold weather because newborns lose much of their body heat through their heads.[11]
- Reduce your baby's clothes to a single layer in warm weather. When temperatures rise and you feel like wearing as little clothing as possible, you can reduce the amount of clothing your newborn is wearing to a single layer, such as a short sleeved onesie. You may include a light cotton hat or skullcap as well.[12]
- Dress your newborn in a lightweight pair of cotton pajamas at night when the weather is warm.
- Include outerwear for going outside. If you plan to head outside for a walk or even just to take your newborn to your car or to the bus stop, make sure to include extra layers and outerwear. This is especially important in cold weather so that your newborn will be warm enough. It is also a good idea to drape a blanket over your infant's car seat to protect them from the elements.[13]
- Include a hat, mittens, coat, warm pants, and booties when going outside with your newborn in cold weather.
- Put a sunhat on your newborn to protect their head if you go outside when it is sunny.
- Also, cover your baby from neck to toes with a blanket if you will be taking them outside in cold weather. Make sure to tuck the blanket around your baby so that they cannot flip it up onto their face.[14]
- Check your baby's skin to ensure they are not too hot. Overheating is a serious problem because it may increase your newborn's risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). To ensure that your baby is not overheated, check their skin every few hours or any time you suspect they may be warm. If your baby's skin feels hot or sweaty, then your baby is likely too warm. Remove a layer of clothing or switch your baby to a lighter fabric, such as a cotton pajama instead of a fleece pajama.[15]
EditDressing a Newborn Safely - Choose clothing made from 100% cotton. Cotton is a breathable fabric and it is unlikely to irritate your baby's skin, so this is a great option for your baby. Organic cotton may be even gentler on your newborn's skin, but it can be quite expensive.[16]
- Avoid synthetic fabrics, which may lead to irritation or overheating.
- Choose clothing that is easy to put on and take off. Newborns do not usually enjoy getting dressed and undressed, and they may fuss and cry throughout the dressing and undressing process. Clothes that are hard to put on and take off of your newborn may make matters worse, so opt for clothing that will be easy to put on and take off. This will make life easier on both of you. Some good options include:[17]
- Shirts, onesies, and pajamas that snap down the front.
- Pants and sleeper pajamas with built-in feet.
- Shirts or onesies with snaps or buttons around the neckline.
- Remove extra layers when coming from outdoors to indoors. If you have added multiple layers to keep your baby warm during a trip outside, make sure to remove these extra layers as soon as you come back indoors. This will help to prevent overheating.[18]
- For example, if your baby is wearing a coat and knit hat along with their sleeper pajamas, then take off the coat and knit hat. Replace the knit hat with a lighter one for indoor wear, such as a cotton hat.
- Use a sleep sack to keep your newborn warm at night. Sleep sacks are safer than blankets for keeping your baby warm at night. Include a sleep sack as part of your baby's sleep outfit. In cold weather, put a fleece sleep sack on over your baby's pajamas. In warm weather, put a light muslin or cotton sleep sack over your baby's cotton onesie.[19]
- Avoid clothing that might be dangerous. Some types of clothing pose a serious risk to your newborn's health and should be avoided altogether. Other types of clothing may simply make it harder for you to change your newborn's clothing and diapers.[20]
- Tight fitting clothing that does not stretch. These types of clothing may restrict your newborn's breathing and circulation.
- Clothing with cords or strings. These can wrap around your newborn's neck and put them at risk of choking.
- Clothing that zips or buttons in the back instead of in the front. These will make diaper and clothing changes more difficult.
- Legs that do not zip or button down. These will make diaper changes more difficult.
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Turn Off the Google Maps Voice on iPhone or iPad Posted: 05 May 2018 01:00 AM PDT This wikiHow teaches you how to prevent Google Maps from narrating turn-by-turn directions on your iPhone or iPad. EditDisabling in Settings - Open Google Maps on your iPhone or iPad. It's the multicolored map icon with a "G" and a red pushpin. You'll usually find it on the home screen.
- Tap the menu. It's at the top-left corner of the screen.
- Tap . It's the first option.
- Tap under "Sound & Voice." This prevents Google Maps from speaking aloud turn-by-turn directions when navigating to a location.
EditDisabling During Navigation - Open Google Maps on your iPhone or iPad. It's the multicolored map icon with a "G" and a red pushpin. You'll usually find it on the home screen.
- Begin navigating to a location. Do this by selecting a location and then tapping Start.
- Tap the sound button. It's on the right side of the map below the magnifying glass.
- Tap the mute button. It looks like the sound icon (a speaker) but with a line through it. This mutes voice navigation.
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