| How to Make a Supergroup on Telegram on PC or Mac Posted: 30 Oct 2017 05:00 PM PDT This wikiHow teaches you how to create a Telegram group capable of handling up to 20,000 members when you're using a computer. EditCreating a Group - Open Telegram on your computer. If you're using Windows, you'll find it in the Windows menu. If you're using a Mac, it's in the Applications folder.
- Click . It's at the top-left corner of the window.
- Click .
- Type a name for your group and click . This is the name that group members will see.
- Select group members. Clicking a contact's name on the "Add Members" screen will add them to the list.
- Don't worry about adding all of your members now. You can always come back to add them later.
- Click . The group is now active and ready to be upgraded to a Supergroup.
EditUpgrading to a Supergroup - Open Telegram on your computer. If you're using Windows, you'll find it in the Windows menu. If you're using a Mac, it's in the Applications folder.
- Click the name of the group you want to upgrade. This opens the group in the larger panel.
- Click the group's name in the title bar. It's above the right panel. This opens the group's options menu.
- Scroll down and click . It's under the "Actions" header. A confirmation message will appear.
- Click . Your group is now upgraded to Supergroup status.
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| How to Make a Potato Gun Posted: 30 Oct 2017 09:00 AM PDT You may love to eat potatoes, but firing them out of a cannon can be even more fun. A potato gun, also called a spudzooka, potato cannon, and spud gun, make for an entertaining project that also demonstrates a few laws of physics along the way. Part of the thrill of constructing a potato gun comes from experimenting with the basic design to get the best performance, all while learning valuable engineering lessons. Get creative with yours! EditGetting the Pipes Ready - Get all your parts ready for assembly. All the parts necessary for this project can be bought at your local hardware store if you don't already have them at home. Some hardware stores may even cut the PVC pipe you'll need for this project to length as a free service or for a minor fee.[1]
- You'll need a 4-in (10.1-cm) wide PVC pipe that's long and a 2-in (5-cm) wide PVC pipe that is long.
- Only use Schedule 40 PVC pipe. "Schedule" refers to the thickness of the pipe's walls. Pipe thinner than Sch 40 will be unsafe and could burst under high pressure.
- Measure and mark your PVC pieces, if necessary. If your PVC pipes weren't cut for you, you'll need to do it yourself. Use a felt tipped marker to mark the PVC at the following lengths so they're ready to be cut:
- 4-in (10.1-cm) wide PVC marked at
- 2-in (5-cm) wide PVC marked at [2]
- Cut the pipes along the mark using a hacksaw. It may help to clamp the pipes down to a work bench or have someone hold the pipe on a flat surface as you saw. The cuts don't need to be perfect. Once you're finished, remove plastic burrs by rubbing the cut edges with a medium grit sandpaper.
- Clean the PVC pipes with a rag. Grit or plastic shavings from cutting the PVC can negatively impact the seal of parts when fitted together. Take a clean rage and wipe all parts of the PVC clean. If there are a lot of shavings, use a vacuum cleaner.[3]
EditGluing the Launcher - Assemble one end of the 4-in wide PVC segment. Screw a 4-in wide PVC plug into place on the threaded end of the female adapter. On one end of the 4-in segment, liberally apply PVC cement around the outer lip. Repeat this process to the inner lip of the PVC female adapter. Fit the adapter onto the end of the segment.
- When you glue the PVC pieces together, hold them together firmly for at least 60 seconds so the glue bonds.
- Twist each glue joint a quarter-turn as you are pushing it together. This will encourage a better seal.
- Whenever PVC pieces are glued together, be sure to use a clean towel to wipe away excess glue.
- The 4-in wide PVC segment will eventually become the combustion chamber for the launcher.[4]
- Attach the coupler to the 4-in wide PVC segment at the opposite end. Apply PVC cement around the outer lip of the segment and the inner lip of the PVC coupler. Slide the coupler into place on the end of segment with nothing attached.[5]
- Glue the reducer in the coupler. Apply more PVC cement to the inner lip of the coupler and below the outward flanging collar of the 4- to 2-in reducer. Nest the reducer in the coupler until the collar of the reducer meets the end of the coupler.[6]
- Add the barrel of the launcher. The barrel of the launcher will be made up of the 2-in wide PVC segment. Spread the PVC cement on the inner lip of the reducer and the outer lip of one end of the 2-in wide PVC segment. Slide the barrel into the reducer until it is about even with the base of the coupler.[7]
- Wait 24 hours for the PVC cement to harden and cure. If you use your potato launcher before the PVC cement has enough time to harden, the launcher may explode. Explosive force in the combustion chamber puts stress on the PVC when you shoot an item.[8]
EditAdding a Spark Generator - Drill holes in the combustion chamber for your spark generator. Most spark generators simply emit a spark at one end when a button is pressed. Drill a hole in the combustion chamber just large enough to fit the sparking components of your generator.[9]
- Some generators may have two prongs across which a spark jumps, or a single double-pronged extension.
- Many generators require spark-emitting prongs to be within of each other.
- Insert the spark generator and attach it with electrical tape. Press the spark emitting parts of the generator into the holes you've drilled. Attach the button/trigger for the generator to the combustion chamber with electrical tape, then hook up the leads from the spark generator to the trigger.
- Connect positive leads (+) to positive terminals on the generator and negative leads ( - ) to the negative terminals.
- Once the leads and terminals are attached, prevent accidental shocks by covering any bare wiring or components with electrical tape.
- Check your spark generator by unscrewing the PVC plug from the female adapter. While looking inside the combustion chamber, press the generator trigger several times. If you see a spark, it works.[10]
- Create a guard for the spark generator. The electrical components of the spark generator can be easily damaged. Make a guard for the generator by cutting a scrap piece of PVC down the middle with a hack saw. Sand away PVC burrs with medium grit sandpaper, then attach the guard over the spark generator with PVC cement or tape.
- Your guard can be cut short so it only protects the sparking components or longer to cover the leads up to the trigger.[11]
EditFiring the Launcher - Insert a spud and open the end PVC plug. Press a spud into the barrel end of the launcher so it fits snugly. Use a stick to push the potato into the base of the barrel. After that, turn over the launcher and unscrew the end PVC plug from the female adaptor.[12]
- Old fashioned firearms used "wadding," or cloth wrapped around projectiles, to create a better barrel seal and more power. This can also be done with potato guns.
- A screw inserted into the barrel where it connects to the combustion chamber will prevent the ammunition from being rammed too far and falling into the chamber.
- Spray propellant into the combustion chamber and reseal the plug. Almost all hairspray will work as a propellant for your launcher. Spray the hairspray into the chamber for about seven seconds and your launcher is primed and ready to go. Reseal the plug quickly and get ready to take aim.[13]
- Too much propellant is as bad as not enough. If there's not enough oxygen, ignition will not occur. Trial and error will teach the optimum amount of propellant to use in your individual design.
- Aim away from people and click the trigger. It may take a few clicks of the trigger before the spark ignites, but when it does the hairspray will explode. This will force the potato out the barrel of the launcher. Now it's time for target practice.[14]
- Always operate your potato launcher with caution. Improper or reckless usage could cause harm or property damage.
- The world of PVC can be confusing and unorganized, so don't be afraid to ask store staff for help.
- The longer the barrel, the longer the force of the combustion will accelerate the projectile. Too short of a barrel will rob the gun of power. However, if the barrel is too long, the expanding gasses begin to lose pressure and friction of the projectile in the barrel begins to slow it down. Experiment to find the optimum length for your own configuration.
- If your local hardware store does not have the exact fittings listed, don't worry. You will probably be able to find a way to use similar parts (i.e. reducers, couplers, etc.) that are slightly larger or smaller to accomplish what the parts listed do.
- If you have never worked with PVC before, buy some scrap PVC and a few cheap couplers so you can practice gluing before you build your launcher.
- Try new ammunition! Potatoes are plentiful, but similar sized fruit and vegetables may work just as well.
- The volume of the combustion chamber is proportional to power of the shot, but a long chamber produces an inefficient compression wave, so keep the combustion chamber short and fat.
- Follow the directions on the glue, and glue liberally on both the pipe and the socket. Do not use glue or plumber's dope on threads.
- If something needs to be sealed shut, use duct tape. It starts out as tape, but after you use the cannon the adhesive turns into a very sticky glue that keeps stuff closed.
- The initial ignition in the combustion chamber should be close to the center of the chamber cavity to make an efficient explosion.
- There are plenty of instructions for different models online. Do a keyword search for "Potato Cannon instructions."
- It's very important that you let the glue dry before firing your launcher. Most accidents with these guns happen because an anxious builder does not let the glue dry. Let it dry a full 24 hours before shooting.
- Make sure that you aren't ever looking down the barrel of the cannon or pointing it at someone when it's loaded.
EditThings You'll Need - 2-in wide PVC long
- 4-in wide female PVC adapter
- 4-in wide PVC coupler
- 4-in wide threaded PVC plug
- 4-in to 2-in PVC reducer
- 4-in wide PVC long
- Electrical tape
- Hacksaw
- Hairspray
- Power drill (and drill bits)
- PVC cement
- Sandpaper (medium grit)
- Spark generator (available at hardware stores)
- Vacuum (optional)
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
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| How to Extend Your Eyebrows Posted: 30 Oct 2017 01:00 AM PDT Eyebrows are an important facial feature because they help express emotions and frame your face. Short eyebrows can sometimes make your face look wider than it really is. If you want to extend the edges (or "tails") of your eyebrows, you have options for using makeup to fill them in or stimulating hair regrowth. EditUsing Makeup to Extend Your Brows - Wash and moisturize your face. Wash your face with warm (not hot) water and a gentle cleanser that is suitable for your skin type. Rinse thoroughly, and pat dry with a clean towel. Apply a pea-sized amount of moisturizer with a gentle patting motion, and allow about two minutes for it to completely soak in.[1]
- Apply any primer, foundation, or concealer before starting your brows. Use a primer before anything else to help your makeup stick. Apply foundation or concealer with your fingers, and blend well using your fingertips or a makeup sponge.
- If you don't wear any other base makeup, you can skip this step.
- Sweep translucent setting powder over your brow bone with a clean brush. This will help any other products stick to your skin, as well as absorb any excess oil that could cause your makeup to run.[2]
- Hold a pen next to your nose diagonally as you look straight ahead into a mirror. Angle it so that one end of the pen is next to your nostril while the other end passes right next to the outside corner of your eye. The new tail of your brow will stop where your brow bone intersects the line measured by the pen.
- If you need to extend the inside edge of your eyebrow, hold up the pen in line with the inside corner of your eye. The inside of your brow will be in line with your natural brow, directly up from the side of your nose.
- Remember that you can always use a stencil that is made for your face shape if you're having trouble with the angle of the tail.
- Place a dot where the tip of the tail will be using a sharp eyebrow pencil. The dot should be on your brow bone, just where you measured the line with the pen. Make it faint; it is just a guide for where the tail will stop. Make sure the pencil matches the color of your eyebrow, and not the color of the hair on your head.
- If your face is square, aim the dot towards the center of your ear to help add more shape to your eye area.
- If your face is round, aim the dot closer to the top of your ear.
- Outline the remainder of the new tail with a brow pencil. Connect the natural hairs of the arch of your brow to the dot you just drew. Use a very light touch and short, feathery strokes to make it look natural.
- Fill in the outline using a combination of gel, powder, and pencil products. Use a thin, angled brush to apply a small amount of brow pomade in the outlined area if your brows are particularly thick or dark. If you're using a pencil, make sure it's sharp and that you're using light, feathered strokes. Continue to fill it in until the color and saturation matches the rest of your eyebrow.
- If you have dark hair, use products with both black and brown tones since black alone can look harsh, while brown alone can be too auburn.[3]
- If you have blonde hair, use a combination of gray and light brown products instead of dark brown and black. Use your root color as a guide.[4]
- Use a spoolie brush to soften out the color and help blend it together. Use gentle, upward strokes, and don't press too hard or all of the product you just applied will rub off.[5]
- Use a makeup swab to fix any mistakes. Put on a little more concealer or foundation around the new section of your brow if any of your base makeup rubbed off while fixing the brow coloring.
- Apply a light layer of setting spray to help it stick. If you don't have setting spray, another light layer of translucent powder will do the same thing.[6]
EditEncouraging Natural Growth - Stop plucking or waxing. Yes, your brows might look messy or patchy for a while. It can be hard to stop if you've been plucking for a long time, but you can only grow your hair back if you allow it to do its own thing.
- If you're embarrassed about the state of your brows, you can let your bangs grow or wear head accessories like hats or scarves to hide your eyebrows while they grow back. Or just laugh it off! They'll grow back, so grin and bear it since they probably look great already.
- Massage your brows once a day for a couple of minutes. Improved blood flow and circulation can help your hair follicles get the oxygen and nutrients they need to regrow.[7] Make sure your hands are clean, and use small, circular motions with your fingertip. Include the area you're trying to regrow and a little bit of the surrounding area on your forehead and above your eyes.
- Apply a small amount of castor oil to your brow area at night. Wash it off in the morning when you wake up. This is a classic natural hair growth aid that is available in many stores, but it has yet to be proven scientifically, so it may not work for everyone. You should see more hair growth in 3 to 4 weeks of nightly use if it's working.[8]
- If you can't find castor oil, extra virgin olive oil or peppermint oil can have a similar effect.[9]
- Buy a hair regrowth serum with peptides. You can find serums at beauty stores like Ulta and Sephora, or online on Amazon.com or Beautylish.com. Select a serum by talking to the employee in the store or reading reviews online.[10]
- Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for application, and talk to a dermatologist if you're not sure about a serum before using it.
- While it's tempting to want to do one eyebrow completely before starting the other, do each step on each brow before continuing so that they end up even.
- You can use matte eyeshadow in place of powders and pencils.
- For a more permanent solution, consider getting your eyebrows microbladed. Microblading is a procedure where a licensed esthetician "tattoos" hair-like lines deep into the skin using a fine blade. It can be rather expensive and is not completely permanent, so you will have to go in for touch-ups every few months.[11]
EditSources and Citations
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