| How to Ink Wash Posted: 22 Oct 2017 05:00 PM PDT Ink wash painting is a process (similar to watercolor painting) that uses black India ink to create greyscale works of art. If you are new to ink washing, you can begin by practicing color gradation, mixing different amounts of water with your ink to achieve varied shades. Next, you can experiment with different line techniques. Finally, when you feel a bit more comfortable with the ink, you can move on to creating your own ink wash painting. EditPracticing Color Variations - Gather materials. In order to begin this process, you will need to gather some items. All of these products can be found at art supplies stores, most craft stores, and online.[1] You need:
- Paper (watercolor paper is a great choice)
- Brushes
- Palette
- Water (in a cup)
- India ink
- Pencil
- Ruler
- Scissors
- Paper towels (for clean up or spills)
- Prepare your palette. Before you can jump into ink wash painting, you must spend some time experimenting with color gradation. You can begin by preparing a gradient palette. Use one of your brushes to transfer a bit of ink into the first pocket of your palette. Then, dab your brush into your cup of water (being not careful not to rinse too much of the ink off the brush) and then transfer some diluted ink into the next pocket. Dab your brush back into the water, and transfer some even more diluted ink into the third pocket.[2]
- Continue this until you have about six different shades.
- Prepare your paper. In order to complete this gradation practice, you'll need two strips of paper approximately 3 inches (7.62 cm) long and 6 inches (15.24 cm) wide. After you've cut your paper to these specifications, create lines on one of these strips. Using your ruler as a guide, draw pencil lines (moving from top to bottom) 1 inch (2.54 cm) apart. This will give you six, 1-inch (2.54 cm) wide rectangles.[3]
- Practice gradation in each box. On the strip of lined paper, fill in each of the rectangles, moving from the lightest gradation (at the left) to the darkest (at the right). In the first box, use your inky water to create a light grey hue. In the second box, select a slightly darker shade from your palette, and paint this box a little darker. Continue this process in each box.[4]
- Start light and add color as needed to achieve darker and darker transitions.
- Your final box should be colored in with pure ink.
- Set this strip of paper aside and allow it to dry. It will be a good reference for when you create your ink wash painting.
- Try a smooth, gradual gradation. On your unlined strip of paper, create a smooth color gradient. First, saturate your strip of paper with water, creating a light grey tint throughout. Then, use pure ink to lightly saturate the far right edge. Use your wet paintbrush to gradually stretch the ink across (from right to left) to achieve a gradient.[5]
- Continue adding ink to the right edge, and using water to stretch it, in order to darken your gradient.
- Add water to the left edge, and use your wet paintbrush to stretch it, in order to soften your shades.
- Set this strip of paper aside and allow it to dry. Once again, it will be a good reference for when you create your ink wash painting.
EditExperimenting with Lines and Techniques - Practice different levels of pressure. One of the benefits of working with India ink is that you can create different kinds of lines (thicker/thinner or darker/lighter) within one stroke, by pressing down with variable pressure (also called "weight"). Dip your paintbrush ⅔ of the way into your India ink, and practice drawing lines. Experiment with how hard you press. Try making squiggly lines or loops to get a sense of how weight works.[6]
- You can also practice this technique with a dip pen, instead of a paintbrush.
- Try cross-hatching. A useful technique in ink wash painting is known as cross-hatching. Cross-hatching--which refers to the practice of drawing small straight lines--can be used for shading or to add dimension to a painting. Experiment with different cross-hatch methods.[7]
- Draw many straight lines close together.
- Draw straight lines farther apart.
- Draw criss-cross lines (either at right angles, or diagonals).
- Use sloppy brush strokes.
- Experiment with stipple or splatter. Another technique used to create depth involves making little dots, or "stipple." Or if you feel like getting a little messy, you can achieve a similar effect (though less controlled) by loading your brush with ink, and tapping it with your finger to create "splatter." Try working with stipple and splatter.[8]
- Stipple can done with small dots or large ones. Dots can be spread out or close together.
- Play with bleeds. Another element of ink wash painting has to do with the use of water. One technique you can play around with is to saturate an area of your paper with quite a bit of water. Then, dip your brush in some India ink, and dab it onto the wet area of your paper. You will notice the ink bleeding and moving around. Push the ink around with your brush to experiment with different effects.[9]
EditCreating an Ink Wash Painting - Start with a pencil sketch. Once you feel comfortable working with ink, you can begin the process of creating an ink wash painting. When you are first starting out, it can be especially helpful to begin with a pencil sketch. Lightly sketch an outline of the image you would like to paint.[10]
- It can be helpful to start with a still-life image, such as a bowl of fruit.
- This allows you to look at the object, and mimic the look of shades and shadows.
- Color the image with very light washes. In ink wash painting, you will always move from your lightest shade to your darkest. Once you have your pencil sketch, add a light grey wash to your image.[11]
- Allow this layer to dry before moving on.
- Use slightly darker tones to add dimension. Add a bit more ink to your brush, and gradually, build up layers of progressively darker values. Remember, you can always make something darker, but once the ink is on the paper, you cannot make it lighter.[12]
- Use water to smooth out transitions. As you continue to add darker values to your painting, you can use water to makes your transitions look natural. Simply rinse your brush in water, and run the wet brush over places where your gradation seems choppy.[13]
- Finish with your darkest lines. The darkest lines of your painting--deep shadows or sharp outlines--will be the last thing you add. When your painting is finished, allow it some time to dry. Wash your brushes and palette with soap and water.[14]
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Make a Mummy Costume Posted: 22 Oct 2017 09:00 AM PDT Want to scare everyone as a Mummy this Halloween? It is really easy to make a great costume from simple items that you might have lying around the house, or can purchase cheaply from a thrift store. Follow this easy how-to to find out how you can have a great mummy costume this Halloween (or this Friday, or for tomorrow's business lunch, or whenever, really). EditCreating and Aging the Mummy Wrap - Get some white fabric. Old sheets work great, but you can also purchase some cheap material at fabric stores. If you don't already have something usable, try thrift stores for bargain-priced items.
- You'll be cutting these up, obviously -- so if you need more than one, that's not a problem (as long as you have it!).
- Lay out the sheet of fabric. Using scissors, cut 2" to 3" (5 to 7.5 cm) slits down the side of the sheet. Don't feel the need to bust out the ruler -- if they're uneven, that's fine. Mummies look better when they're asymmetrical and full of imperfections.
- Tear the strips from the slits along the length of the sheet. They will have a perfect mummy-style frayed edge. These become your mummy bandages.
- Again, if they don't rip perfectly, don't freak out. If you absolutely must, grab a pair of scissors and start "redirecting" the rip; then, resume tearing as normal.
- Dye the material. The look that you are aiming to achieve is the dirty, off-white, centuries-old mummy look. To get this look you'll be dying your fabric with teabags!
- Get out a large pot. Fill it 2/3 full with water and bring it to a boil.
- Add in a handful of teabags. Presumably, the larger the costume wearer, the more fabric you'll be using, and the more teabags you'll need. For a child, a few is good. For an adult, kick it up to a handful.
- If you don't have teabags, use watered down coffee.[1]
- Stir in the material and steep for about 30 minutes to an hour.
- Take the material out and let it dry. If you'd like, take some black face paint and haphazardly brush some on at random intervals. To speed up the process, throw it all in a pillowcase, tie it up, and toss it in the dryer.
- The pillowcase is necessary to avoid getting a mess all over your dryer. Don't skip this part if you choose to do it!
EditUsing a Sewing Machine - Place the bandages around the front of your white turtleneck or long-sleeved shirt. While you don't need to wrap them (they wouldn't stay in place anyway), make sure they're long enough to go around the entire shirt. Place them nonchalantly; you probably don't want to be the most well-manicured at the party. Work from the bottom up, stopping when you get to the chest area.
- Thermal underwear is probably preferable to your shirt and pants combo, looks-wise, at least. But if you don't have it around, don't want to spend the extra money, and want a two-piece outfit, this is the way to go.
- Sew the strips around all sides of your shirt. This is the most time-consuming part of making the costume. The good news is, the sloppier and less conformed that the strips are sewn on, the better. Leave some strips open, some longer. It's a mummy costume--you seriously cannot muck it up!
- Cut along the inner seam of each of the sleeves. This should open it up, allowing you to lay the shirt down and see the entirety of the sleeve. That way, you'll be able to sew the strips on without worrying about rotating and curving.
- So do just that! Lay the t-shirt down flat. Cut some pieces of the bandage material to make them the appropriate length for the sleeves and sew them on, layer by layer by layer. Continue sewing the rest of the strips once you have completed both sleeves.
- Turn the t-shirt inside out and sew the sleeves back up. It's important to sew from the inside to avoid any visible seams. You want people wondering if you raided a pyramid for this thing. (Who's to say you didn't?)
- Rip up the inner seam of your pants all the way up to the crotch. Lay them flat and cut your strips out to cover them. Employ the same I'm-in-a-rush mentality you had for the shirt.
- Start from the bottom and begin sewing your strips on both legs. You can stop when you get to the crotch because your shirt should cover the rest. However, a little extra mummy wrap is a good idea if you have it. A stiff breeze or a limbo contest could present itself, after all.
- Turn the pants inside out and sew up the legs. If the seam isn't perfect, great! Leave it. Who's gonna see it anyway?
- Put on your outfit. Ahh! Oh, that's just you in the mirror. Phew. Now what to do with your hands and feet? A few more strips here, a few more strips there (around a pair of gloves and socks or two) and you're set! Scroll to the bottom for tips on what to do with your noggin.
EditUsing Knots - Tie four or five strips together. The knots in the end will actually add texture to your mummy and look purposeful -- not like you took the easy way out!
- Put on your long underwear or white base outfit. Any combination of white long-sleeved something and white pair of pants will suit this costume. However, something bulky (like cargo pants) isn't ideal for your mummy silhouette.
- Don't forget those thick wool socks!
- Start wrapping up a leg. You can either use overlapping to secure the end, or just add another tie (since you already have loads, it'll blend right in). Go in straight lines, criss-cross, and however else you need to cover every inch. Repeat for the other leg and hips. When you hit the end of your strip, either tie on another one, tie it to an already-wrapped section, or just tuck it in.
- With material from one leg, wrap around the pelvis. This can be your first or second leg. But don't wrap above the waistline of the pants -- those glasses of Halloween punch will be no match for even the steeliest of bladders. What a nightmare.
- Wrap up from the waist and over the shoulders. This is easiest if you form an X over the sternum and wrap strap-like strips over the shoulders. A fair amount of overlap will be needed to cover every inch. Again, if you run out, just tie on another strip or tie off the one you're using and start anew.
- Wrap up the arms. If you've ever wrapped a wrist for boxing or other sport, use the same artful weaving between the fingers. If you haven't...well, weave the material between the fingers, around the base of the thumb, and onto the wrist, over and over. In case you run out, start at the fingers and work your way up to the shoulder.
EditAdding the Final Touches - Cover your face with excess bandage material. The freakier you want to be, the more your face should be covered. If you're going for the cute, innocuous, smiling kind of mummy, just wrap from your chin, over your head, and a bit on your forehead. If your aim is to scare all the neighbors, only leave space to see and breathe.
- Rope a friend into doing this part for you. You'll be able to get it on, but tying it securely will prove a task, especially if you have limited vision.
- If you have a ski mask and want your entire face covered, you can use it as a base for your head wrap.
- A safety pin, bobby pin, or other securing device may prove useful. Just tuck it into a different layer to keep it from being exposed.
- If your face is visible, add some makeup. You want sunken eyes and hollow cheeks. A bit of white as a base and black around your cheekbones and under your eyes will give you a more ghastly feel. Add some baby powder on your body for the ancient mummy effect and you're ready!
- Use gel around a stain or on your face to make your mummy globby and rotting-looking. Pull some hair out from a place or two and mess it up to look truly nightmarish.[2]
- Go trick or treating in your new disguise. Or sit on your porch as the kiddies come up, be very still, and jump at them when they're least expecting it! Ha HA!
- Keep old sheets that aren't useful anymore to make costumes such as this one.
- If you don't have coffee or tea, there's always dirt.
- If you're knotting, knot tightly!
- If there are any leftover pieces of the bandage fabric, these can be used to wrap stuffed animals for mummy displays at home. "Mummy teddies" make effective window displays.
- Brown, gray, and red spray paint also work for tinting your fabric. The red is for blood .
- If you were wrapped with the knotting method, you risk coming loose and spending the entire night adjusting your embalming cloth. If you're at a party, you may need to avoid busting a move. Just dance like a mummy would -- what a perfect excuse to stay in character!
EditThings You'll Need EditMethod One: Using a Sewing Machine - Plenty of white fabric (or bedsheets)
- 3-12 teabags
- Pot and hot water for brewing
- Pillowcase (optional)
- Scissors
- Sewing supplies (seam ripper, machine, etc.)
- White long-sleeved shirt and white pants
EditMethod Two: Using Knots - Plenty of white fabric (or bedsheets)
- 3-12 teabags
- Pot and hot water for brewing
- Pillowcase (optional)
- Scissors
EditAdding the Final Touches - Safety pin or other securing device (optional)
- Baby powder
- Black and white face paint (black also usable for fabric tinting)
- Ski mask (optional)
- Gel (optional)
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
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| How to Remove Telegram Contacts on PC or Mac Posted: 22 Oct 2017 01:00 AM PDT This wikiHow teaches you how to delete people from your Telegram contacts list when you're on a computer. Edit10 Second Summary 1. Open Telegram.
2. Click ☰.
3. Click Contacts.
4. Click the contact you want to delete.
5. Click ⁝.
6. Click View profile.
7. Click Delete.
8. Click Delete to confirm.
- Open the Telegram app. If you're using Windows, you'll find it in the Windows menu. If you have a Mac, it'll be in the Applications folder.
- Click . It's at the top-left corner of the window.
- Click . A list of your Telegram contacts will appear.
- Click the contact you want to delete.
- Click . It's at the top-right corner of the window.
- Click .
- Click . It's at the top-right corner of the user's profile. A confirmation message will appear.
- Click to confirm. This contact will no longer appear in your Telegram contacts.
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