| How to Avoid or Escape a Bull Posted: 26 Apr 2016 05:00 PM PDT Bulls are very dangerous animals. They are one of the most dangerous type of livestock to own, let alone be around next to horses. They are not slow or dumb, nor are they clumsy or stupid. A bull can, from a stand-still, turn on a dime faster than you can react. He can even out-run you, and if you ever fall or he hits you, he will gore or crush you until you are no longer moving. The media has let the general public know that bulls are dangerous, but the ability to escape or avoid a threatening bull is something that may be of importance to you if you live on a farm or ranch with bulls, or have to walk by or through a field or pasture that is known to hold bulls in it. Knowledge on how to avoid or escape a dangerous bull is paramount to your safety and survival. Note: Bulls aren't the only type of bovine that can seriously hurt or kill you. Cows are just as likely to be dangerous as bulls, especially if they are protecting a young calf. EditKnow the Signs - If you see a bull in a pasture or field with cows, avoid going in the field at all costs. This is just plain common sense, even if it means having to walk the long way around to get to your destination.
- If you absolutely must to go through the field be aware that a bull may see you as a threat and warn you to keep away. Look for these signs:
- Pawing the dirt and rubbing himself in it
- Growling (it sounds something like "Rrrrrumph...rrrrummph")
- Tossing his head
- Glaring at you.
- He will even show you his side to deliberately intimidate you, just to show you how big and powerful he is.
- Any bull that does this to you, including growling, head-shaking and pawing the earth, is one to avoid.
- Be aware that, some bulls can go after you without you even aware of it until he's trying to put snot down your back pockets. Those bulls are the ones to avoid, more so than the ones that give you the obvious warnings.
- If you absolutely have to go in the same corral with a bull, pack a weapon with you. That weapon must be a thick stick that won't break on impact, an axe handle, a one- to two-foot long piece of PVC pipe, or a baseball bat; anything that you can carry in your hand to defend yourself with or make the bull think twice about attacking you.
- Also, keep close to the fence to make your escape that much easier.
EditThe Escape - Find a safe spot quickly. Run away and quickly climb or jump over the nearest fence, gate, cattle guard (also called a "cow grid" or "Texas gate"), or even up a sturdy tree. Bulls can outrun people so make sure your escape route is a short one.
- If you can't find an escape route either side-step and run for it, or hit back, hard. The best thing you could do is if there's no place to hide or if you're out in the middle of a pasture, to either side-step the bull and run in the opposite direction, or face the bull, yell (or scream) as loud as you can and give the bull the hardest hit across the face or muzzle as you possibly can give with the weapon in your hand.
- Depending on your level of adrenaline, you may find yourself doing this more than once, especially if you have the big fellow come running at you.
- This may (and does) sound cruel, but it is a practice that has been done by many farmers and ranchers when they have to deal with a dangerous bull that has charged them or is about to do so!
- You can either stand your ground until the bull backs off and then chase him, or hit and run. Very often a really hard hit to the muzzle or nose is enough to make him stop chasing after you!
- If none of this can be had, throw the back-pack off your back as you go (if you have one), or even your shirt or jacket if you are fast enough to take it off. Be aware though, that a bull is much faster than you in both speed and reaction time, and often you won't have enough time to take your shirt off and throw it at the bull.
- Count your lucky stars if you managed to get away without getting injured or killed.
- Use your common sense and instincts when handling or walking in a pasture with a bull in it. If your gut tells you to avoid a certain area, then avoid it. Don't be a fool and go through it anyway.
- To avoid getting charged at the bull, do not instigate him nor tease him. Doing so will guarantee you injury or worse by a bull.
- Climb the nearest tree if you can.
- If you are or end up in a treed area, try to keep a large tree between you and the bull. This is also a good area to pick up a stick and throw at his head or hit him on the nose with.
- Stay close to the fence. This will increase your ability to escape
- Know the warning signs if you wish to avoid being attacked by a bull.
- Bulls will run faster than you, and react faster than you. However, they cannot turn on a dime mid-flight like you can, so side-stepping or quickly changing directions when you are running may grant you more time to escape. Don't try to jump away, as this will both give you less time to get away and will increase injury.
- Always have a some sort of weapon with you at all times. A good rap over the muzzle of a bull that is threatening you is enough to make him leave you alone.
- Do not stand and fight a bull because you will not win. If and when he gets you down on the ground, you are pretty much finished, no matter if he has horns or not.
- Remember, it's not of a matter of if he gets you, it's only a matter of when.
- Polled bulls are just as dangerous as horned ones. However horned bulls like to gore and rip and tear at you. They can and will flip you around like a rag doll, even if you're lying flat on the ground.
- Polled bulls, though unable to flip you around, will still be able to crush and trample you into the earth.
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| How to Admit Someone to Rehab Posted: 26 Apr 2016 09:00 AM PDT Many problems can be encountered when trying to admit someone to rehab. Perhaps the biggest challenge lies with individuals who are addicted to a substance but may not be willing to consider options for recovery. Proper care has to be taken when speaking to your loved one and convincing him to go to a rehabilitation center. In order to successfully admit someone to rehab you will need to encourage treatment, help your loved one explore options for treatment, and prepare for rehabilitation. EditEncouraging Treatment - Intervene as soon as possible. Intervention becomes more difficult as the addiction worsens. Do not put off helping your loved one. Make a well developed plan to intervene and carry it out as soon as feasible. The longer you wait the more harm may come to your loved one, depending on his specific circumstances and addiction severity.
- If the situation becomes life threatening, you may be able to admit the person to a psychiatric hospital against his will. If you believe that your loved one is at serious risk of harming himself or others, discuss this with his therapist immediately or call your local emergency number (such as 911) in case of immediate danger.
- Be supportive. Social support from friends and family is crucial to recovery from substance abuse.[1] Tread carefully and learn how to appropriately support your loved one. The process of drug intervention requires you to address the person's lifestyle and problems, yet you must be careful not to make the other person feel that his freedom of choice is being threatened.
 - Don't criticize or judge. If you respect the other person you will get respect in return, which means that your opinion will become more valuable to him. For instance you can say something like, "I know you have been struggling with this for a while and I just want you to know that I am here to help and support you in your recovery." Avoid saying things like, "I am so sick and tired of you being drunk and high."
- Help your loved one make the right decision, but do not force anything on him. This can damage the relationship and lead to less likelihood that he will receive treatment. You can say something like, "I will support you in getting the treatment you need. Please let me know how I can help. I want what is best for you."
- Avoid arguments. You need to show support for your loved one's well-being rather than try to prove him wrong. Make the impression that you are a friend, not a foe. You can do this by being calm, avoiding aggression (such as raising your voice), and dealing with your own anger or sadness regarding your loved one's problem. If you find the situation is getting worse you can say something like, "It seems like this is turning into and argument and I don't want to fight. Maybe we need a break from talking about this for a bit."
- Seek professional help. Professionals who specialize in drug intervention can help your chances of convincing the individual to go to a rehabilitation center.[2] At times, the professional interventionist may not intervene directly but rather help you in doing so, especially if you are a close relative or friend of the person and he feels more comfortable talking to you. Some rehab centers have professional interventionists on staff that can help you with the intervention process.
- If you are planning a group intervention, get professional assistance.[3] Professionals (therapists, psychologists, etc) can help assist you in deciding what type of confrontation or treatment may be useful for your loved one. Contact your insurance and your loved one's if possible for treatment options.
- If your loved one already has a therapist, you can ask your loved one politely if you can have permission to speak to his therapist. Keep in mind, you may have to sign a release in order to talk with the therapist. You can then explain your concerns and request assistance. Be wary that the therapist may not be able to perform the intervention herself due to boundary concerns.
- Choose a positive way to confront your loved one. Choose an appropriate place for your discussion. Choose the meeting place wisely. Select a location where the person with addiction does not feel threatened or embarrassed. For example, it may be better to meet privately rather than in public places. At times, people with addictions can become withdrawn from the outside world, so go to the person's home if you can.
- You may choose to confront your loved one alone or with a group of people, as in an intervention.[4] Decide which approach you think will benefit your loved one most.
- Indicate your intentions clearly. Don't make your loved one feel like you are trying to trick him into going to a rehab center. Instead, you should be able to discuss this problem with the person with addiction openly and then direct the conversation towards a solution. Withdrawal from many types of drugs can be life-threatening. Going to a center where the withdrawal can be supervised can help alleviate the withdrawal symptoms. The centers are staffed so if anything happens during withdrawal, they can be there to assist.
- Use "I statements" such as, "I feel sad knowing that you are struggling so badly with your addiction." You can follow up by saying, "I would feel so much better knowing that you were getting treatment and being safe."
- If it helps, write down what you want to say beforehand so that you can practice being clear and indicating your concern.
- Stress the negative effects of drug abuse. Emphasize the affect your loved one's problem has had on you, as well as family and friends. For example, try to help the person realize that addiction is not just a problem that is isolated to one person, but rather something that affects the whole family and society negatively. At times, a major convincing factor for seeking help can be love for others rather than for the self.
- Depending on the type of drug used, you can educate your loved one about the consequences of using this drug. For example, if your loved one drinks alcohol to excess, you can explain that you are concerned for him due to the many health effects that drinking alcohol can cause such as memory issues, heart problems, digestive problems, bone damage, liver disease, eye problems, a weakened immune system and increased risk of cancer.[5]
- Educate your loved one about the benefits of treatment. One reason individuals may avoid treatment is due to stigma, or negative beliefs, about mental health and therapy services.[6] [7] You can help your loved one by addressing the myths and stigma about treatment.
- Explain to your loved one that treatment is not meant to be seen as punishment. You can say, "Treatment is about getting the help you need. I hope you don't see it as a punishment. I don't see it that way, but as a fresh start for you."
- You can educate your loved one that individuals who do not get treatment are at a much higher risk of relapse than those who receive therapy.[8] You could say, "You know, I read that research shows that getting treatment helps people stay sober and not relapse."
- Short-term treatment methods such as residential therapy and medication therapy often last less than 6 months. Hence, you may be able to present the addiction recovery treatment as just a short-term phase in the person's life that will have long-term benefits.
EditExploring Treatment Options - Conduct research on available treatments. Your loved one may need a sense of self-efficacy and control over his choice in treatment in order to be successful.[9] This can help increase motivation and reduce the likelihood of relapse. While you are aiming toward rehabilitation treatment, your loved one may want to explore other options. The more you know about the available treatments the better prepared you will be to help him see their advantages.
- Self-help groups, for example, can be very helpful in treating substance use and maintaining sobriety.[10]
- Visit local rehabilitation centers beforehand. Individuals who are drug-addicted can often go through mood swings that make them indecisive. Once your loved one has agreed to go to a rehab center, you should be able to admit him there as soon as possible.
- Help your loved one discuss the requirements of the rehab (rules, regulations), as well as schedules (therapy, exercise, leisure time, etc).
- Ask about evidence-based practices. EBPs are therapy interventions that have research which shows they are helpful for a particular disorder.[11]
- Identify the cost of treatment. The longer you stay in a secure or supervised location, the more likely you may be to recover and maintain sobriety.[12] However, this can be costly. Thus, it may be important to first make sure the person can fully afford rehabilitation treatment.[13]
- You can help your loved once communicate with his medical insurance company about treatment options.
EditPreparing for Rehab - Prepare for withdrawal symptoms. Different substances vary drastically in their withdrawal severity and symptoms.[14] However, it is important to research and understand the effects of withdrawal associated with the substance that your loved one is trying to quit.
- For example, alcohol withdrawal symptoms can include: sweating, rapid heartbeat, hand tremors, problems sleeping, nausea and vomiting, hallucinations, restlessness and agitation, anxiety, and occasionally seizures.[15]
- Help your loved one reduce stress. Increases in stress can lead to relapse in drug users.[16]
- Encourage your loved one to engage in relaxing activities prior to going to rehab. Some examples include: getting adequate sleep, taking bubble baths, meditating, and watching funny movies.
- Personally escort the person to the rehab center. Social support is especially crucial during the moments and days before being admitted into rehab; the person may show signs of second thoughts or resistance toward treatment. Make sure you or someone else helps the individual get himself ready for treatment and is there for him as he is admitted.[17] Otherwise, you may have to repeat the whole process again, which can become more difficult if the first attempt has failed.
- When times get hard, remind your loved one why he wants to attend rehab. Reasons may vary, but some examples include to: regain a sense of control, be able to be a productive member of society, reduce the negative health effects of substance us, increase positive choices, etc. You could say something like, "Remember why you decided to go to rehab? You wanted to get your life back. I know it seems like it will be so hard, and I know it will be a challenge, but it will be worth it in the end."
- Explain that you will be supportive of the person while he is in treatment. You could say, "If you need anything while you are here please let me know. I believe in you and I know you can do this if you put your mind to it."
- Continue to be supportive. Since social support is crucial to maintaining treatment and sobriety, you may want to continue to be supportive of your loved one while he is in treatment.[18] Being there for your friend or family member can help him remain in treatment and be successful.
- Visit the admitted individual frequently if allowed and show your love and support throughout the process. One way to show your support is by attending group or family treatments that are suggested by the treatment facility.
- Try to motivate the person going through recovery by promising a gift that will be presented after the therapy is complete. This may give hope to the person and a positive attitude towards returning to normal life. You could say, "Once you complete treatment we can go on a trip together. It will be great to experience a new place sober."
- Encourage your loved one to call you if he is having a difficult time in rehab. You can say, "I am here for you so please don't hesitate to contact me if you want to talk or need help." Some programs don't allow contact with family members for a length of time, check and see first if contact will be allowed and when.
- Avoid joking about a person's addiction problems. Even though your loved one may crack jokes, it is important for you to treat this as a serious problem. However, jokes about other matters in life may help maintain a friendly relationship.
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| How to Zoom in on a Mac Posted: 26 Apr 2016 01:00 AM PDT Do you find yourself squinting at the screen sometimes, and wish things were just "bigger?" Whether you have vision disabilities, or just like to zoom in for a close view of your screen, it's easy to do with just a couple keystrokes. This article will show you how to zoom in for a closeup of your browser or desktop. EditZooming in a Browser - Launch a browser. Any browser will do: this method works the same on all!
- Press Command and + (plus/equal button). Each repetition will increase the zoom by degrees. You can zoom in to varying degrees in different browsers:
- Up to 7x with Safari.
- Up to 8x with Chrome and Firefox.
- No limit with Opera, and each zoom is smaller than with other browsers.
- Pressing Command-0 will reset your zoom level in all browsers.
- Pressing Command-(minus) will zoom out in all browsers.
EditZooming the Monitor - Turn on Universal Access. From the Apple menu, select "Preferences." In the System Preferences pane, click on Universal Access.
- Click the Seeing button. In the Universal Access control panel, click the Seeing button to adjust the various visual controls of the interface.
- Set Zoom to On. In the Seeing control panel, locate and click the Zoom control button. You can also activate (and de-activate) zooming by pressing Command-option-8.
- Click "Options." Locate the "Options…" button to the right of the Zoom activation buttons. This will let you fine-tune your zooming controls.
 - Maximum Zoom: when you press the zoom-in keyboard shortcut (Command-option-equals), your screen will zoom to the magnification you set here. You can set the zoom anywhere from 1.1x the current screen size, to 20x the current screen size!
- Minimum Zoom: when you press the zoom-out keyboard shortcut (Command-option-minus), the screen will only zoom out to this preset level.
- In either case, continuing to hold down the keyboard shortcut will continue zooming in or out to the maximum levels.
- Show preview rectangle when zoomed out: To see what part of your screen will be magnified, enable this. It will show as a black rectangle on your screen.
- Smooth images: check this to add a smoothing function to the zoomed-in screen. While it improves the look of zoomed-in images, it can make text appear a little blurry.
- Zoom follows keyboard focus: when you are zoomed in, and type something that goes beyond the boundaries of the zoomed area, the screen will track your cursor so your text will always be displayed.
- Continuously with pointer: when zoomed in, the screen moves continuously as you move your cursor.
- Only when the pointer reaches an edge: your screen stays put until your cursor reaches the edge of the screen.
- So the pointer is at or near the center of the image: this keeps your cursor in the center of the screen, and only the screen moves.
- If your mouse features a scroll wheel, you can hold down the modifier keys and scroll. Rather than a quick zoom in and out to the preset maximum and minimum levels, using the scroll wheel provides a smooth, slow zoom in and back out. Set the modifier keys by clicking in the field, then pressing your preferred modifier keys.
- When you've finished setting the options, click the "Done" button.
EditZooming the Monitor (OS X Maverick) - Enter System Preferences from the Apple Menu
- Click "Accessibility" to open the Accessibility settings dialog
- Click "Zoom" under the Seeing section in the left-hand side navigation.
- Click on "More Options" and adjust according to the reference in the previous section.
EditZooming in a Window - Zoom in a window. Click this checkbox, and rather than zooming your entire screen, a "magnifying glass" enlarges everything underneath it. Like zooming the screen, you can adjust the level of zoom with Control-Option-Equals or Minus.
- Click on Options. Like regular zoom, zooming in a window has a set of options, as shown in the image below.
 - Magnification: sets the zoom level when you activate Zoom in Window (Command-Option-8).
- Stationary: when the window position is set to "Stationary," the zoom window shows in the center of the monitor, and the cursor location determines what appears under the window.
- Follow mouse cursor: the window remains under your cursor, and can be dragged anywhere. This is similar to the way a real magnifying glass works.
- Tiled along edge: sets the zoom area to be a full-length column on the left side of your monitor, displaying zoomed content that tracks your cursor.
- Invert colors turns white to black, black to white, and green to purple.
- Smooth images: smoothes the edges of both text and images.
- Zoom follows keyboard focus: when you are zoomed in, and type something that goes beyond the boundaries of the zoom window, the cursor stays centered in the window while the magnified parts track your keyboard focus—usually your cursor or entry field.
- Enable temporary zoom: holding down Control-option keys will pop up a zoomed window that is active as long as you hold down the modifier keys. When you let go, the window disappears.
- Speak items under mouse after delay: will read whatever text is below your cursor. You can set the time delay from "Normal," which is instantaneous, to "Maximum," which is about five seconds.
- Enable "Use scroll wheel with modifier keys to zoom" to give mouse control to your zooming. To set the hot keys, press and hold the desired key or keys. Allowed keys are Shift, Control, Command, and Option, only.
- Adjust Size and Location: Press this button to resize and set the default position for whatever window you've chosen to display.[1]
EditView Option - Go to the menu bar at the top of your computer screen.
- Click Zoom in from the drop-down menu.
- Do this as many times as you need to get a bigger browser.
- Become familiar with the hot key combinations—even if you're not visually impaired, being able to zoom in on something quickly is a very handy feature, whether you just need a closeup, or are showing somebody something from across the room.
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