| How to Glue Wood Together Posted: 09 Jul 2020 05:00 PM PDT Thanks to the strong nature of wood glues, there are several options for any home project. If applied, clamped and dried correctly, the wood is more likely to split than to come apart at the glued joint. Be sure to choose the right glue for your job. [Edit]Choosing the Right Glue - Use super glue for a quick and easy application. If you're trying to repair a broken piece of furniture or simply connect pieces of wood together, use super glue for a fast-drying option. Add a dab of the super glue to the surface of the wood, press the pieces together, and hold them for about 10 seconds to connect them.[1]
- Super glue is a great way to glue wood together quickly; however, the bond isn't strong enough to withstand a lot of pressure and the wood may separate in time.
- Most super glue is clear, which means there won't be any visible residue.
- You can find super glue at your local hardware store, department store, or by ordering it online.
- Pick PVA glue for a permanent bond. Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) is a strong synthetic polymer that will form a long-lasting bond between the wood you want to glue together. It's a great choice for most wood projects, but it isn't waterproof, so it shouldn't be used for gluing wood that will be placed outdoors.[2]
- If you're trying to connect wood on furniture or repair a wooden table, PVA glue will give you the strongest bond.
- PVA is a common wood glue that you can find at your local hardware or home improvement store. You can also order it online.
- Select carpenter's glue for outdoor use. Yellow PVA glue, commonly called carpenter's glue, is a variety of PVA that is specially designed to be water-resistant and suitable for gluing wood that will be exposed to the elements outside. Look for PVA glue that's labeled as either "yellow," "carpenter's glue," or "waterproof."[3]
- Carpenter's glue is great for things like repairing outdoor furniture or fixing broken wood on a deck or shed.
- Go with liquid hide glue for a more natural alternative. Hide glue is a natural, environmentally-friendly glue made from boiled animal collagen. It comes in liquid and solid forms, and the liquid version is easy to use and gives you more time to work as you glue the wood together.[4]
- Because of its natural flexibility and strength, hide glue is a great choice for antique furniture.
- Hide glue is usually available at hardware stores, but if you can't find it in your area, you can order it online.
- Choose epoxy to fill gaps and cracks. If you've got chipped or damaged wood that you want to glue back together, use epoxy, which consists of a resin and hardener that will bond the wood together and fill any extra space. Epoxy also hardens to become waterproof, so it's a good choice for outdoor repairs as well.[5]
- Epoxy comes in 2 parts that are combined before you apply it.
- You can use epoxy to repair chips in wooden fences or for applications that are exposed to lots of water, such as repairing damage on wooden boats.
[Edit]Joining the Pieces of Wood - Clean off any old glue before you apply new glue. Use a cloth to wipe dust and dirt away from the surface where you plan to connect the wood. If there's already old glue on the surface, scrape it off with a putty knife or a scrubbing brush so it's clean and will be better able to adhere.[6]
- Old glue residue will make the bond weaker if you don't remove it first.
- Spread glue onto 1 side using a stiff-bristled brush. If you're connecting 2 pieces of wood with flat faces, use a stiff-bristled brush to spread a thin layer of glue to 1 side, which saves time and prevents buildup. Then, press the wood together to connect them.[7]
- Apply glue with a brush to boards and planks.
- Use a rubber roller to apply glue to large panels. For large wooden panels you plan to connect face-to-face, spread a thin, even layer of your glue using broad, consistent strokes with a rubber roller. Apply the glue to 1 side of a panel and press them together to connect them.[8]
- Look for rubber rollers at paint supply stores, home improvement stores, or by ordering them online.
- Apply glue to the inside of wooden joints before you connect them. If you're building or repairing furniture such as a chair or a table, and there's a joint where the wood connects, apply your glue to the inside of the joint. Then, press the joints together, which will spread the glue to cover all the surface of the wood and create a cohesive bond.[9]
- There are many different types of joints, such as dowels, scarf joints, and lap joints. For all of them, the glue needs to be added to the inside of the joint to create a strong bond.
- Repair loose chair rungs by applying glue with a syringe. Remove the loose chair rung and wipe it clean to remove dust and old glue. Fill a syringe with glue and insert it into the opening where the rung was inserted. Replace the rung after you add the glue.[10]
- If you can't remove the rung, insert the syringe into the space in the slot that holds it in place.
- A syringe allows you to add the glue right where it needs to go to keep the rung from wobbling.
- Let the glue dry for 30 minutes, then shave off the excess. Wiping away the excess glue with a damp rag can add moisture and dilute the glue, weakening the bond. Instead, wait for about 30 minutes to allow the glue to gel and harden slightly. Then, use a tool such as a putty knife or a chisel with a flat edge and gently scrape away the extra glue.[11]
- Clamp the wood together until the glue is dry. Press the pieces of wood and apply pressure as you hold them together. Take a c-clamp and tighten it over the wood so it's held firmly and securely together. If you can't clamp the wood, place an object such as a book or a weight on top of it to apply constant pressure as the glue dries. Once the glue is dry, remove the clamp and the wood will be bonded together.[12]
- Different glues will have different drying times, so check the packaging to find out how long you need to let the glue you're using dry.
- If you're gluing large pieces of wood together, use multiple clamps to apply even pressure along the surface.
[Edit]Making Crafts with Glue - Use white glue for wooden craft projects. White glue, also known as all-purpose glue, is a version of PVA glue that's flexible and can be used on a variety of surfaces including paper, cardboard, and wood. It's non-toxic and dries to form a clear adhesive that is strong enough for most craft projects.[13]
- Look for white glue at craft supply stores, department stores, or by ordering it online.
- White glue is great for craft projects that use lightweight wood like balsa wood or craft sticks.
- While it's flexible and forms a relatively strong bond, white glue isn't strong enough for heavy-duty applications such as furniture repair.
- Clean off the wood with a cloth dipped in isopropanol. Isopropanol is the solvent used in rubbing alcohol and is great at cleaning surfaces by removing dust, dirt, and residue that could affect the adhesion of your white glue. Soak a clean cloth in the isopropanol and give the wood a good wipe down before you start your craft project.[14]
- Isopropanol is flammable and toxic if it's ingested, so keep it away from children and pets.
- The isopropanol will evaporate within about 5 minutes so the wood will be dry and good to go in a short amount of time.
- Apply the glue in a thin even layer and connect the pieces together. Spread a thin layer of the glue on 1 of the surfaces you plan to glue together. Then, press the pieces together and apply pressure with your hands. After about 10 seconds, carefully release the wood.[15]
- Wipe away the excess glue with a damp cloth and let the glue dry. When you press the wood together, some of the glue may be squeezed out of the edges. Take a damp cloth and wipe up the glue that's pushed out so it doesn't dry and form a sticky residue. Leave the glue to dry for about 1 hour so it can set. For the glue to fully dry and cure, wait a full 24 hours.[16]
- Leave the glue in a well-ventilated area away from direct heat to help it dry properly.
- Wipe up any glue that spills as soon as you can so it doesn't dry.
[Edit]Warnings - Glue is toxic if it's eaten, so keep it away from children and pets. If anybody accidentally eats glue, contact poison control or get emergency medical treatment.[17]
[Edit]References |
| How to Make Soap Jelly Posted: 09 Jul 2020 09:00 AM PDT Jelly soaps have a consistency similar to gelatin and can be a fun addition to bath time. While you can buy jelly soap from many stores, you can easily make your own with liquid body soap. Making jelly soap only requires a few other ingredients that you may already have at home and you can customize it however you want. When you're finished making the soap, you can clean with it the same way you'd use a standard soap bar! [Edit]Ingredients - of water
- 2 tablespoons (18 g) of unflavored gelatin
- of liquid body soap
Makes about of soap [Edit]Creating the Base - Boil of water. Pour the water into a pot and put it on your stove over high heat. Wait until the water comes to a rolling boil before turning off your stove and removing the pot from heat.[1]
- You can use either tap or distilled water for your soap.
- Stir in 2 tablespoons (18 g) of plain gelatin until it dissolves. Slowly dump the gelatin into the hot water and mix it in with a whisk. Continue stirring the gelatin so it completely dissolves in the water and looks clear.[2]
- You can buy gelatin from your local grocery store.
- Add of liquid body soap to the pot. You can use any type of liquid body soap you want, so pick your favorite for your soap. Pour the soap into the pot with the water and gelatin and slowly stir it in with your whisk. Avoid stirring so quickly that suds form since it will give the soap a cloudy appearance and won't form a lather when you use it.[3]
- You can also use plain unscented castile soap if you want to add your own scents later on.
[Edit]Customizing Your Soap - Put essential oils in the soap for a different scent. You can use any essential oil you want, so pick the scents that you enjoy the most. Common oils you can try include eucalyptus, peppermint, and lavender. Squeeze 10–15 drops of the essential oil into the mixture and stir it in with your whisk.[4]
- You can buy essential oils online or from your local drugstore.
- Essential oils are extremely concentrated and can cause skin irritation if you use more than the recommended amount.[5]
- Split the soap mixture between different bowls if you want to make different scents in a single batch.
- Add some soap colorant if you want to change the color. Soap colorant is a type of dye that doesn't stain and can make your jelly soap really pop. Choose a color you like and squeeze 3–4 drops into your soap mixture. Use your whisk to mix the colorant into the soap until it has a consistent shade throughout.[6]
- You can buy soap colorant online or from home goods stores.
- Try mixing different colorants to get more colors. For example, you can mix red and blue colorants to make purple soap.
- Pour in of vitamin E oil to help soothe dry skin. Vitamin E has antioxidants that may protect and moisturize your skin.[7] Get topical vitamin E oil from your local pharmacy and pour it into your soap mixture. Be sure to mix it thoroughly so it's evenly distributed throughout your soap.[8]
- Ask your doctor before using vitamin E oil since it could cause an allergic reaction.[9]
- Sprinkle edible glitter in your soap if you want it to sparkle. Pick up a container of edible glitter from a cooking store. Shake some glitter into your soap mixture and stir it thoroughly with your whisk. While the glitter won't make your soap more effective, it will give your soap a sparkly appearance.[10]
- Avoid using craft glitter since it will feel abrasive could damage your skin.
[Edit]Shaping the Soap - Pour the warm soap mixture into a tray or mold. Opt for a silicone baking mold or an ice cube tray to shape your soap into bars. While the soap mixture is still warm, slowly dump it into the tray or mold and let it settle.[11]
- You can use any size of mold you want depending on how large you want the bars of soap, but you'll have enough to fill about 2 standard ice cube trays.
- If you have trouble pouring the soap from the pot, use a spoon or kitchen syringe to scoop it out.
- Spray the soap's surface with rubbing alcohol to remove bubbles. Fill a spray bottle with rubbing alcohol and turn the prayer to the mist setting. If you see bubbles on the surface of the soap, lightly spray them with your rubbing alcohol. The alcohol will pop the bubbles so the soap bar has a clean, even surface.[12]
- You do not need to spray the soap with rubbing alcohol if there aren't any large bubbles.
- Chill the soap in your fridge for 4 hours. Transfer the tray or mold you're using to the fridge and leave it uncovered for at least 4 hours. During that time, the gelatin will solidify and give your soap a solid gel-like consistency. After 4 hours, you can take the jelly soap out from the fridge and use it.[13]
- The soap will also set if you leave it on your counter, but it will take around 5–6 hours instead.
- Pop the soaps out of the mold once they solidify. Take your mold or tray out from the fridge and lift the soap out. If you used a silicone mold, flip it upside down and the soap will easily fall out. If the soap gets stuck, run a knife along the edges to loosen them up before flipping the mold over.
- If you use a large tray, you will need to cut the bars with a knife.
- Store the soap jelly in an airtight container until you're ready to use it. You can use a plastic container or glass jar with a lid to store your soap. Whenever you want to use your soap, take out a piece and lather it on a washcloth. Avoid storing your soap uncovered since it may start melting or lose its consistency.[14]
- Soap jelly will last indefinitely, but it's usually best to use it within a few weeks.
- Try splitting your batch of soap into separate portions so you can try different colors and scents.
[Edit]Warnings - Don't use more than the recommended amount of essential oils since it could irritate your skin.[15]
- Avoid keeping the jelly soap exposed to the open air since it will start to melt.
[Edit]Things You'll Need - Pot
- Stove
- Whisk
- Tray or baking mold
- Rubbing alcohol
- Spray bottle
- Refrigerator
- Airtight container
- Essential oils (optional)
- Soap colorant (optional)
- Vitamin E oil (optional)
- Edible glitter (optional)
[Edit]Related wikiHows [Edit]References |
| How to Recover After a Panic Attack Posted: 09 Jul 2020 01:00 AM PDT Having a panic attack can be very frightening, but they're usually not harmful to your health. During a panic attack, you might feel intense fear and loss of control, along with scary physical symptoms, like shortness of breath and rapid heart rate.[1] Panic attacks usually last for 5-20 minutes, but you might experience symptoms for up to 1 hour.[2] [Edit]Calming Yourself Down - Use positive self-talk to counter your anxious thoughts. A panic attack can be really scary, and you may feel like you're having a medical emergency or have lost control. Reminding yourself that you're experiencing anxiety and will feel better can help you calm down faster. Tell yourself that this is only temporary and things will get better. Keep telling yourself this until your panic attack passes.[3]
- Tell yourself things like, "This is temporary. I'll feel better soon," "This is scary but it'll end soon," and "I'm going to be okay." Repeat the statements until you feel better.
- Do deep breathing exercises to help relax your body. Lie down or sit up straight. Place one hand over your chest and one hand over your stomach. Slowly breathe in through your nose and draw the air into your stomach. Then, slowly exhale through your mouth. Continue for 5-10 minutes.[4]
- As you breathe, you should feel the hand over your stomach going up and down, but the hand over your chest should stay in place.
- Picture calming and positive images in your mind. Visualizing things that make you happy isn't a cure for panic attacks, but might help you recover faster. Find your happy place and imagine that you're there, or simply think about people, things, places, or memes that make you feel good.[5]
- As an example, you might imagine the beach or a cozy ski resort. You could also think about your pet, your best friend, or a happy memory.
- Perform progressive muscle relaxation to release muscle tension. You may feel a lot of lingering tension in your body that can make it hard to feel calm. To release it, sit or lie down and get comfortable. Starting at your toes, tighten each muscle group, then release it. Take long deep breaths as you go from your toes up to your shoulders.[6]
- You should feel relaxed after you do this. If not, try doing it again.
- Talk to someone you trust to help relieve your stress or anxiety. Expressing your worries or concerns may help you feel better. Contact a friend, loved one, or your therapist so you can vent. Tell them what you're going through, what you think triggered your attack, and how you feel at the moment.[7]
- It may help if you have a list of go-to people you can call or visit if you need to talk.
- Writing down your thoughts may also help. If you don't feel like talking or aren't sure who to call, write out all of your thoughts on paper or in a word processor.
- Use aromatherapy to help you relax and recover. Smelling calming scents may help you feel better faster after a panic attack.[8] Use a scent like lavender to help you feel calm or a scent like orange to boost your mood. Simply sniff the oil for an easy option, or put the essential oil in a diffuser to fill the room with scent.[9]
- If you like, get an aromatherapy lotion that you can rub on your skin when you're feeling overwhelmed.
- Try yoga to help calm your mind and body. Yoga helps you relax right after a panic attack and may help you avoid future attacks. Take a yoga class to get professional instruction if you can. You might also try a yoga video workout. When you're recovering from a panic attack, do your favorite yoga poses to help you feel calm and connected to your body.[10]
- You can find yoga classes at a local gym or yoga studio. If you prefer a video workout, there are several options online or you can buy a yoga dvd.
- Listen to relaxing music. There are many sounds that may help you feel better, for example, the song Weightless which was created specifically to help calm one's mind when anxiety or panic attack appears. It helps a lot when it's a smaller or recurring attack, and you don't wish to alert anyone of your condition. This way you may get back to work after a few minutes.
[Edit]Caring for Yourself After a Panic Attack - Engage your 5 senses to help ground you in the moment. A panic attack can make you feel disconnected or disoriented. Fortunately, doing a grounding exercise may help you feel better. Focus on what you can see, hear, smell, feel, and touch. This will help you feel more connected with your body.[11]
- For instance, you might tell yourself something like, "I can see sunshine and clouds in the sky, I hear birds chirping, I feel the heat from the sun, I smell the lotion on my skin, and I taste a mint."
- Satisfy your physical needs to help you feel better. After a panic attack, it's normal to feel exhausted. To help you feel better, eat a healthy meal or snack and drink lots of water. You might also rest and relax until you feel better.[12]
- Listen to what your body needs. If you feel like you need to move around to let go of nervous energy, do that instead of resting.
- Do an aerobic exercise to help improve your mood. Exercise helps you feel calmer and happier, so it's helpful for coping after a panic attack.[13] Aim for 30 minutes of exercise to help you cope with anxiety. Choose a moderate exercise, like brisk walking, that won't be too strenuous on your body.[14]
- For instance, you might go for a walk outside or dance along to your favorite songs.
- It's okay to break your exercise into three 10-minute blocks if that's easier for you.
- Limit your sugar intake until you start to feel better. Sugar is a stimulant, so consuming too much may alter your mood. In some cases, this can trigger or worsen an attack, even if you've just had one. Minimize your sugar intake while you're recovering from a panic attack.[15]
- You may be tempted to eat candy or treats to help you feel better, but try not to do this. It might actually make you feel worse.
- Abstain from caffeine, alcohol, smoking, and drugs after a panic attack. Stimulants and depressants can worsen or trigger panic attacks. While you're in recovery, focus on trying to calm yourself. Steer clear of substances that might make you feel worse.[16]
- You might even eliminate them from your diet altogether to help you manage your panic attacks.
[Edit]Seeing a Doctor or Therapist - Get medical treatment immediately if this is your first panic attack. You probably don't need to worry, but panic attacks have the same symptoms as other more serious conditions. To be on the safe side, seek immediate medical care to make sure what you had was a panic attack. You may experience a mix of the following symptoms during a panic attack:[17]
- Feelings of fear or danger
- Loss of control and/or detachment from reality
- Rapid heart rate
- Sweating and trembling
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Chills or hot flashes
- Nausea or abdominal cramping
- Headache, dizziness, and fainting
- Numbness and tingling
- Work with a doctor to manage panic attacks. Although panic attacks can be recurring, treatments are available. You might be able to prevent future attacks or recover from them faster. Talk to your doctor to learn which treatment options may be best for you.[18]
- Your doctor may be able to prescribe an anxiety medication or could refer you to a therapist.
- Participate in talk-therapy to help you manage panic attacks. Dealing with panic attacks can be difficult, but a therapist can help. Your therapist can help you deal with your worries and can help you learn new coping strategies. Ask your doctor to refer you to a therapist or find one online.[19]
- Your therapy appointments may be covered by insurance, so check your benefits.
- Ask your doctor if medications may help you manage your symptoms. If you have severe anxiety and panic attacks, you and your doctor might decide that medication is the right treatment for you. Talk to your doctor about medications that are available. Your doctor may prescribe one of the following medications:[20]
- An antidepressant, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants
- Pregabalin or clonazepam to help with your anxiety
- Your body needs sleep, and getting too little sleep may contribute to your anxiety and panic attacks. Try to sleep 7-9 hours a night to help you manage your anxiety.[21]
- Join a support group to help you manage your panic attacks. You'll be able to share your experiences and possibly learn from others who've been in your shoes.[22]
[Edit]Warnings - Although panic attacks aren't harmful to your health, they share symptoms with other more serious conditions. Get medical treatment if you're not sure what you're having is a panic attack or you feel worried about your symptoms.[23]
[Edit]References |
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