| How to Say Happy Passover in Hebrew Posted: 08 Apr 2020 05:00 PM PDT The spring festival of Passover commemorates the emancipation of the ancient Israelites from slavery. The celebration is a joyous occasion in the Jewish religion.[1] If you have Jewish friends or family, you can impress them and earn a reputation as a real mensch by learning to say "Happy Passover" in the Hebrew language. [Edit]Saying "Happy Passover" - Say "Sameach" for "happy." In Hebrew, the idea of happiness is expressed with the word "Simcha." To say "happy" as an adjective, we use "sameach," which is derived from the noun.
- This word is pronounced "sah-MEY-akh." Use a hard "k" sound with a raspy quality from the back of the throat. Don't use an English "ch" sound.[2]
- Use "Pesach" for "Passover." This is the traditional Hebrew name for the holiday.
- "Pesach" is pronounced "PAY-sock." It's pronounced almost exactly like these two English words. Again, end the word with a hard, raspy "kh" sound, not a "ch" sound.
- Flip the order of the words. In Hebrew phrases, the words in a sentence aren't always in the same order that they are in English.[3] In this case, the adjective comes after the noun, so "Happy Passover" is actually "Pesach Sameach".
- To pronounce the whole phrase, just put the pronunciations above together: "PAY-sock sah-MEY-akh." Congratulate yourself for learning a new Hebrew phrase!
[Edit]Other Things to Say - Optionally, put "chag" at the start of "Pesach sameach." "Chag" is the traditional Hebrew word for "festival" from scripture.[4] Saying "chag Pesach sameach" is basically like saying, "Happy Passover Festival!" This isn't really any better or worse than the basic phrase above — just different.
- "Chag" is pronounced "KHAHG." It's similar to the English word "cog," with the same breathy, raspy sound described above used for the c.
- Some sources suggest that "chag" is used especially by Sephardic Jews.[5]
- Drop "Pesach" for "Chag Sameach." Literally, this means "Happy festival." It's a little like saying "Happy holidays" in English.
- You can use this for most Jewish holidays, but it's best of all for Passover, Sukkot, and Shavu'ot, which are technically the only religious festivals.[6] Chanukah and other days of celebration are technically holidays.
- Use "Chag kasher v'sameach" to impress. This is a somewhat fancy way of wishing someone a happy holiday. The rough meaning is, "Have a happy and kosher holiday." Here, you're referencing the Jewish concept of Kashrut (religious dietary laws).
- This phrase is pronounced "KHAGH kah-SHEHR vuh-sah-MEY-akh." "Chag" and "sameach" are pronounced the same as above. "Kasher" uses a light r sound pronounced at the very back of the mouth — almost like a French r. Don't forget to add a very quick v sound before "sameach."
- Try "Chag Kashruth Pesach" for a Passover-specific greeting. The meaning here is similar to the phrase above: "Have a happy kosher Passover." The difference is that this phrase specifically mentions Passover, while the one above is used for many holidays.
- You can pronounce "kashruth" as "kash-ROOT" or "kash-RUTH" — both are acceptable.[7] In either case, use the tip of your tongue to make a light r sound. This is quite similar to the Spanish r sound.
- Use "Happy Pesach" if you want to cheat. Can't handle the tricky Hebrew pronunciations in this article? Try this "Henglish" alternative. Though it's not exactly a traditional holiday greeting, many English-speaking Jews use this as a convenient "shortcut" during Passover.
- The breathy "kh" sound used in these phrases can be especially tough for English speakers to manage. Try these pronunciation examples to hear native Hebrew speakers use it.[8]
- This page has an audio clip of "kasher" which illustrates the difficult r sound at the end of the word.[9]
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| How to Tell Whether the Moon Is Waxing or Waning Posted: 08 Apr 2020 09:00 AM PDT Determining whether the moon is waxing or waning can tell you a lot about what phase it's in, how the tides will move, and where the moon is in relation to the Earth and the sun. It's also helpful to know where the moon rises and sets during its different phases, in case you want to see it on a particular night. A waxing moon is in the process of increasing how much of it is lit (as observed night to night). i.e., it's headed toward being a full moon. Waning is the opposite. There are a couple ways to figure out whether the moon is waxing or waning. Although the details are slightly different depending on where you are in the world, the bulk of the method is the same. [Edit]Understanding the Phases of the Moon - Learn the names of the phases. The moon revolves around the Earth, and as it does, we see different angles of the moon's illuminated surface. The moon doesn't create its own light, but rather shines when it reflects the sun's light. [1] As the moon transitions from new to full and back to new again, it goes through several phases, marked by its recognizable crescent and gibbous ("bulging") shapes, which are created by the moon's own shadow.[2] The moon phases are:
- New moon
- Waxing crescent
- First quarter/Half-moon
- Waxing gibbous
- Full moon
- Waning Gibbous
- Third quarter/Half-moon
- Waning crescent
- New moon[3]
- Learn what the phases mean. The moon travels the same path around the Earth every month, so it goes through the same monthly phases. The phases exist because from our perspective on Earth, we observe the illuminated portion of the moon differently as it makes its way around us. Remember that half the moon is always illuminated by the sun: it's our vantage point on Earth that changes and determines what phase we see.[4]
- During the new moon, the moon is between the Earth and the sun, and is therefore not illuminated at all from our perspective. At this time, the moon's illuminated side completely faces the sun, and we see the side that's in full shadow.
- During the first quarter, we see half of the moon's illuminated side and half of the moon's shadowed side. The same is true in the third quarter, except the sides we see are reversed.[5]
- When the moon appears full, we see its full illuminated half, while the side that's in complete shadow faces out into space.
- After the full moon, the moon continues its journey back to its original position between the Earth and the sun, which is another new moon.
- It takes the moon a little over 27.32 days to complete one full revolution around the Earth. However, a full lunar month (from new moon to new moon) is 29.5 days, because that's how long it takes the moon to return to its position between the sun and Earth.[6]
- Learn why the moon waxes and wanes. On the moon's journey from new moon to full moon, we see a growing portion of its illuminated half, and this is called the waxing phase (waxing means growing or increasing). As the moon then goes from full to new again, we see a diminishing portion of its illuminated half, and this is called waning, which means decreasing in strength or intensity.
- The moon's phases always look the same, so although the moon itself may appear in different locations and orientations in the sky, you'll always be able to identify what phase it's in if you know what to look for.
[Edit]Determining Moon Phases in the Northern Hemisphere - Recognize that the moon waxes and wanes from right to left. Different parts of the moon are illuminated during waxing and waning. In the Northern Hemisphere, the part of the moon that is illuminated will appear to grow from right to left until it's full, and it will then diminish from right to left.
- A waxing moon will be illuminated on the right side, and a waning moon will be illuminated on the left side.[7]
- Hold out your right hand with your thumb out, palm facing the sky. The thumb and forefingers make a curve like a backward C. If the moon fits in this curve, it's a waxing moon (increasing). If you do the same with your left hand and the moon fits in the "C" curve then it is waning (decreasing).
- Remember D, O, C. Since the moon always follows the same illumination pattern, you can use the shape of the letters D, O, and C to determine if the moon is waxing or waning. During the first quarter, the moon will look like a D. When it's full, it will look like an O. And when it's in the third quarter, it will look like a C.
- A crescent moon in the shape of a backwards C is waxing
- A half or gibbous moon in the shape of a D is waxing.
- A half or gibbous moon in the shape of a backwards D is waning.
- A crescent moon in the shape of a C is waning.
- Learn when the moon rises and sets. The moon doesn't always rise and set at the same time, but changes depending on what phase it's in. This means you can use the time of moonrise and moonset to determine if the moon is waxing or waning.
- You can't see a new moon because it isn't illuminated by the sun, and because it rises and sets at the same time as the sun.
- As the waxing moon moves into its first quarter, it will rise in the morning, reach its height around dusk, and set around midnight.
- Full moons come up when the sun goes down and set when the sun comes up.
- As the waning moon moves into its third quarter, it will rise at midnight and set in the morning.[8]
[Edit]Determining Moon Phases in the Southern Hemisphere - Learn which part of the moon is illuminated during waxing and waning. In opposition to the moon in the Northern Hemisphere, the moon in the Southern Hemisphere will illuminate from left to right, become full, and then diminish from left to right.
- A moon that's illuminated on the left side is waxing, while a moon that's illuminated on the right side is waning.[9]
- Hold out your right hand with your thumb out, palm facing the sky. The thumb and forefingers make a curve like a backward C. If the moon fits in this curve, it's a waning moon (decreasing). If you do the same with your left hand and the moon fits in the "C" curve then it is waxing (increasing).
- Remember C, O, D. The moon goes through all the same phases in the Southern Hemisphere, but the shapes of the letters that indicate waxing and waning are reversed from the Northern Hemisphere.
- A crescent moon in the shape of a C is waxing
- A half or gibbous moon in the shape of a backwards D is waxing.
- A moon in the shape of an O is full.
- A half or gibbous moon in the shape of a D is waning.
- A crescent moon in the shape of a backwards C is waning.
- Learn when the moon rises and sets. Although the moon may illuminate in the opposite direction in the Southern Hemisphere versus the Northern, it will still rise and set at the same times during the same phases.
- The first-quarter moon will rise in the morning and set around midnight.
- The full moon rises and sets when the sun sets and rises.
- The third-quarter moon will rise at midnight and set in the morning.[10]
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| How to Store Winter Clothes Posted: 08 Apr 2020 01:00 AM PDT Space, especially closet space, is a premium. Many people simply don't have the room to keep their entire wardrobe in their closets and dressers year round. Storing your winter wardrobe in bins and garment bags frees up space for your spring and summer apparel and accessories. It provides you the opportunity to wash, fix, recycle, and organize your cold weather clothing. [Edit]Cleaning, Repairing, and Recycling Your Winter Wardrobe - Machine wash or dry clean all of your winter items. When stored for long periods of time, dirty clothing attracts pests and can also produce unwanted odors, mold, or mildew. Unclean items that contain perfumes, lotions, oils, and/or perspiration can also cause fabric to stain and yellow. Before you pack up your winter wardrobe for several months, you should properly launder each article of clothing.
- Machine wash all of your non-delicate winter items.
- Dry clean any winter items made from natural materials, like silk, wool, and cashmere. Do not store these items in a plastic garment bag.[1]
- Wipe down and polish your shoes. Winter shoes come into contact with harsh salts and dirt. Prior to storing these items, thoroughly clean each pair. Remove built up salt and grime with a cotton cloth or shoe brush. Don't forget to polish and condition your leather boots.
- If your winter shoes are badly stained, consider having them professionally cleaned.
- To prolong the life of your winter shoes, clean them frequently throughout the winter too.[2]
- Send out items for repair. As you wash, dry clean, and clean your winter items, set aside any pieces that appear damaged or broken. This might include coats with missing buttons, clothing with minor rips or stains, and/or shoes in need of new soles. Bring the items you are interested in fixing to a reputable seamstress or shoe repair professionals.[3]
- If you don't have an interest in fixing the item, find a way to recycle it.
- Donate items you will no longer wear. While you sort through your clean winter apparel and accessories, set pieces aside to donate. These items may include garments that no longer fit you and/or items you didn't wear at all last season. There are several ways to recycle these items.
- Ask friends if they are interested in taking any of the pieces.
- Donate the items to a person in need.
- Bring the items to a donation center and ask for a tax deduction form.
- Sell the items to a consignment shop.
- Host a garage sale.[4]
[Edit]Storing Winter Clothing - Place your non-delicate items into plastic bins. Plastic containers are ideal for seasonal storage of your non-delicate clothing. Fold and place the heaviest items, like jeans and sweatshirts, in the bottom of the plastic bin. Place neatly folded shirts, skirts, and tights on top of the bulky bottom layer.
- While vacuum bags help you save space, they do not allow your garments to breath.[5]
- Plastic bins are great for short term storage. If you need to store clothing for more than a season or two, place the garments in a cotton storage bag or box.
- Instead of mothballs, consider using lavender sachets or cedar balls to keep your clothes smelling fresh and pest free.[6]
- Wrap your delicate items in tissue paper. Storing your delicates requires a bit more finesse. When your delicates return from the dry cleaner, remove them from the plastic garment bag. Carefully fold each item, wrap it in acid-free tissue paper, and then place it into a cotton storage bin.
- Plastic garment bags do not allow your natural fiber clothing to breathe properly.[7]
- Fold your sweaters. Sweaters and hangers don't mix—when you hang up a sweater, the garment becomes misshapen. Instead of hanging up sweaters, fold them neatly. Place your heaviest sweaters at the bottom of your plastic storage bin or cotton garment bag. The lightest sweaters should lay on top of your heavier articles.
- Do not over stuff your storage bins. Instead, loosely pack your sweaters so that they can breathe.[8]
- Fold and store your winter coats. Once the seasons turn from winter to spring, it is tempting to hang up your bulky winter coats in the back of your closet. However, allowing your coats to hang throughout the spring and summer may distort their shape. The best method for storing coats is to fold them up and place them inside a plastic bin.
- Remove all of the items from your coat pockets.
- Wash or dry clean your coats.
- Fold up your coats and place them into a plastic or cotton storage bin. Do not over stuff the bin.[9]
- Hang up your furs and dresses. Furs and dresses are the only fall/winter items that should remain on a hanger. Hang up these items and then place them inside a cotton garment bag.
- If your dresses are not made out of delicate, natural materials, you can fold these items and place them inside a plastic storage bin.
- You may want to have your real furs professionally stored in a temperature controlled building throughout the spring and summer.[10]
- Store your bins, cotton garment bags, and cotton garment boxes. Once you have packed up all of your winter wardrobe in bins, boxes, and bags, you need to find a place to store these containers. Ideally, you should always store clothing in a cool, clean, dark, and dry environment. It is especially important to store your furs in a cool place—the skins will crack if they are too hot.
- Bright environments will cause your clothing to fade.
- Damp and hot environments may cause your clothing to become mildewy.
- Dusty storage spaces will cause your clean clothing to become dirty.[11]
[Edit]Storing Winter Shoes and Accessories - Fill your tall winter boots with boot trees and store. When tall boots are shoved in the back of a closet or haphazardly thrown into a box, they tend to lose their shape. To prevent this from occurring, insert a boot form or tree into each boot. Once your boots are thoroughly cleaned, polished, and conditioned, stand them up in a closet side-by-side.
- If you don't have space in a closet, you may store your boots in a plastic bin. Lay a pair of boots on their side in the bin. Place a cotton t-shirt of muslin shoe bag over the boots. Continue to fill the bin with alternating layers of boots and cotton t-shirts/muslin shoe bags. Store the closed bin in a cool, dark, dry, and clean space.[12]
- Stuff your non-boots with tissue paper and store. If stored improperly, your ankle boots, winter loafers, and pumps will also become misshapen over time. To help your winter shoes keep their shape, fill each shoe with loosely packed tissue paper. Once filled, carefully stack the shoes in a storage container, such as a plastic bin or basket, your closet, or a designated shoe organizer.
- Use new tissue paper.
- Don't forget to wipe down, polish, and condition your short winter shoes.[13]
- Pack up your winter accessories. At the close of the winter season, you should sort through and clean all of your winter accessories. This may include, hats, gloves, scarves. You can place all of these items into a storage bin, cotton storage box, or a basket.
- If you have room in your dresser, you can also store winter accessories in a drawer.
[Edit]Things You'll Need - Lavender sachets or cedar balls
- Plastic Storage bins
- Tissue paper
- Cotton garment bags and bins
- Hangers
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