| How to Become a Criminal Psychologist Posted: 26 Mar 2019 05:00 PM PDT Criminal psychologists study the behaviors, motives, and intentions of criminals from the point of view of mental health. Criminal psychologists often work alongside the police to help them understand why an individual may have committed a certain crime.[1] If you'd like to become a criminal psychologist, you need to earn a doctoral degree in psychology, and then earn a criminal psychology license. EditMeeting Educational Requirements - Finish your bachelor's degree. A BA or BS is required for admission to any doctoral program. If you're already studying Psychology as an undergraduate, you may have a leg up on the competition. While not all doctoral programs in Psychology strictly require a BA in Psychology for admission, it may help your chances.[2]
- If you are not majoring in Psychology, consider earning a minor in Psychology or Criminal Justice.
- Take the General and Psychology GRE exams. Nearly all Criminal Psychology doctoral programs require applicants to take these two GRE exams, which will be offered at different testing centers on different days. The GRE exams will test your critical thinking and writing skills, and your general proficiency in undergrad-level psychology.[3]
- In order to sign up for the General and Psychology GRE tests, you'll need to set up an account with ETS (the company that provides the tests). You can make an account and register for the exams here: https://www.ets.org/gre/subject/register/.
- Send your GRE scores to the universities you're applying to. The university admissions departments will expect to receive these scores electronically, and may not consider your application until the scores are in-hand. Through the ETS website, you can select specific schools to send the scores to.
- If you know which schools you'll apply to before you take the GRE(s), you can have your scores sent to Ph.D. program admissions departments immediately after you finish the tests.
- Apply to doctoral programs in Criminal Psychology. Look for Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs that offer a degree in Clinical Psychology and allow a specialization in Forensic or Criminal Psychology. Alternately, Ph.D. or Psy. D. programs may offer a specialization in Clinical Forensic Psychology.[4]
- U.S. universities that offer a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in Criminal or Forensic Psychology include Harvard, Stanford, Notre Dame, and the University of Pennsylvania.
- The Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy) focuses on theory and research. The Psy.D. (doctor of psychology) focuses on practice and experience.[5]
- Find a criminal psychology internship opportunity. An internship is an integral part of most Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs in criminal psychology. Finding a good internship program can take time, but your Department and faculty advisor will help you. Finding an internship is competitive, but it will provide important knowledge and experience for your eventual certification as a criminal psychologist.[6]
- Your internship may be with a practicing clinical psychologist, with a police department, or in a prison or juvenile detention facility.[7]
- Pursue a post-doctorate fellowship in criminal psychology. While a post-doc is not required for most criminal psychology jobs, it will increase your chances of being hired. Criminal psychology is a competitive field, and a post-doc will give you a leg up over other candidates with a Ph.D.[8]
- You may also be able to find a post-doc in forensic psychology. While the fields are not the same, they substantially overlap.
EditBecoming Licensed as a Criminal Psychologist - Complete the required licensure hours. Before you can become a fully licensed psychologist, you will need to complete a predetermined number of supervised practice hours. In these supervised hours, you'll see clients and do other work in the criminal psychology field, while overseen by a professional.[9]
- If your internship supervisor appreciated your work as an intern, they may hire you back for your licensing hours. Otherwise, speak with your academic advisors and professors, and ask for their help finding a position in which to complete your licensure hours.
- The number of hours required for licensure vary from state to state in the U.S. It's not uncommon for a state to require 3,000 supervised hours for licensure.[10]
- Pass the exam offered by your state's Board of Psychology. Once you've completed your doctoral degree, you need to pass a written examination, provided by the state. This will begin your criminal psychology certification process. Contact the Board of Psychology to enquire about and register for the exam.[11]
- Certification requirements can vary by state. To determine the requirements for the state in which you plan to practice criminal psychology, consult the state's Board of Psychology.
- For example, if you're trying to contact the Minnesota Board of Psychology, visit: https://mn.gov/boards/psychology/.
- Earn a certification in criminal psychology. The American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) awards certification to psychology professionals who have specialized in one area of psychological practice.[12]
- To learn more about the certification process, and to apply for the certification, visit: https://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3349.
- While not every state requires the ABPP certification prior to practicing criminal psychology, it will make you a more competitive job applicant in the field.
- Apply for jobs in the criminal psychology field. Criminal psychology jobs are competitive, and often tough to get. Recent doctoral graduates—even with postdoc experience and certification—often start out in positions with hospitals, police departments, and government agencies.[13] Your academic and professional contacts can help you locate suitable jobs to apply for.
- If you'd like to work as a criminal psychologist in law enforcement—e.g. with the FBI—you'll need to join a law enforcement organization, such as the local police department. As you gain ranks, you can transition into a criminal psychology role.
- Some Psychology Ph.D. programs will require an MA in Psychology, while others admit applicants with only a BA. Refer to specific program requirements to determine which do, or do not, require the MA.
- Although the fields of criminal psychology and forensic psychology overlap, they are not the same. Criminal psychologists exclusively study criminal behavior, with the goal of understanding mindsets that many criminals share. Forensic psychologists, on the other hand, commonly assess the mental health of individuals in the justice system, and testify in court cases concerning criminals with mental-health concerns.[14]
- This article describes how to become a criminal psychologist in the U.S. The process to become a criminal psychologist will be similar in most other countries. You'll still need to earn a doctoral degree in Psychology and complete various internships and supervised hours before applying to work in the field.
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| How to Build a Spaghetti Tower Posted: 26 Mar 2019 09:00 AM PDT Making a spaghetti tower is a great team-building exercise that is popular among schoolchildren, coworkers, friends, and family. You can also build a spaghetti tower alone for an extra challenge! Spaghetti towers are made using dry spaghetti strands and marshmallows. Make squares with the spaghetti and marshmallows first, before forming these into pyramids. Use these existing pyramids to form new ones, and watch as your tower grows higher! To make building spaghetti towers into a fun, competitive game, try setting a time limit, seeing who can build the tallest tower, or limiting the supplies. EditCrafting the Squares - Push 2 strands of dry spaghetti into 1 marshmallow. Line up the 2 spaghetti strands. Push them evenly into the round side of the marshmallow.[1]
- Use full-size marshmallows rather than the miniature kind.
- Using 2 strands of spaghetti instead of just 1 will strengthen your tower and help it to eventually stand upright.
- Push the spaghetti far enough into the marshmallows so that it feels stable, but not far enough to come through the opposite side. Around halfway will do.[2]
- Make a right angle with 2 more strands of spaghetti. Line up 2 more spaghetti strands. Push them into another side of the same marshmallow to form a corner.[3]
- It might be tricky to push these next spaghetti strands into the same marshmallow. Do it carefully, and try to add the strands just next to where the first strands were pushed in.
- Add a marshmallow to each end of the spaghetti strands. Push a marshmallow firmly onto each end. Be careful when adding marshmallows to spaghetti that has already been connected, as it can easily break with too much pressure.[4]
- Replace any broken strands of spaghetti with new strands.
- Push 2 strands of spaghetti into each new marshmallow. Create 2 more right angles. Make sure that the strands are lined up well, and are as close to 90° as possible. This will ensure that your tower is sturdy.[5]
- Your square so far will look like a rigid "U" shape.
- Use 1 more marshmallow to connect the final ends of the spaghetti strands. Push the remaining strands of spaghetti into 1 last marshmallow. Do this as carefully as possible to avoid breaking the rest of the square.[6]
- You should now have a completed square shape made out of 4 marshmallows and 8 strands of spaghetti.
- Build as many more squares as you like. The greater the number of squares that you build, the higher that your tower will be. Your initial squares will become the base for your tower.[7]
- Start with 9 squares if you are not sure how many to begin with. This will give you good practice in creating a smaller tower.
EditMaking the Pyramids - Place 2 strands of spaghetti into the top of each marshmallow. Each of the 4 marshmallows in each square needs 2 strands of spaghetti inserted into the top. Align these so that they point straight.[8]
- Each square will end up with 8 more spaghetti strands pointing upwards.
- Gather the strands of spaghetti and connect these with a marshmallow. Grasp the 8 strands of spaghetti that are pointing upwards. Hold them together tightly as you firmly push a marshmallow onto the end.[9]
- The marshmallow will connect the strands and hold them together in a point type shape.
- Make more pyramids using the rest of the squares that you made. Add the spaghetti strands to the tops of the marshmallows. Join these together into a point using a final marshmallow.[10]
- If you began with 9 squares, you will end up with 9 pyramids in total.
- Arrange the completed pyramids to create a base for your tower. Align the pyramids that you just made so that they look like a square or rectangle from above. If you have 9 pyramids, align these to be 3 pyramids across by 3 wide.[11]
- Make sure that the base pyramids are close together to ensure that your tower is stable.
- Connect the central marshmallows at the top of the base with spaghetti. Push spaghetti strands horizontally to make more square shapes on the top of the base. Make sure that these are connected firmly, as they will become the base for the next layer.[12]
- Be very careful to avoid leaning or placing pressure on the base pyramids.
- Repeat the process of making pyramids. Insert spaghetti strands coming from the top of each of the marshmallows. Connect the strands from each square using a central marshmallow.[13]
- You will notice your tower beginning to narrow in as it gets taller.
- Continue building the tower until you reach 1 marshmallow point. Keep adding spaghetti strands horizontally and vertically to make square bases and points. Work as carefully as possible as you make your way up the tower to avoid breaking any pieces.[14]
- The bigger your tower, the longer it will take to reach the top.
EditDesigning a Competition - See who can build the best tower in a limited amount of time. Have all of the supplies ready before you begin. Set the timer, and compare towers at the end![15]
- Around 20 minutes is a good place to start for a competitive spaghetti tower match.
- You don't have to compete with others. Try timing yourself, and see if you can build a better tower each time.
- You can judge the towers based on height or stability.
- Compete to see who builds the tallest tower. Get all of the supplies, and see which group can build the tallest tower before it collapses. You may need to start building the tower on the ground, and stand on a secure chair as it grows![16]
- Have a measuring tape ready so that you can measure the end results.
- Limit the supplies that are available. Try using just 20 strands of spaghetti and 1 marshmallow for each tower. You will need to break the marshmallow into smaller pieces for this type of competition.[17]
- With limited supplies, the design of the towers will need to vary. Get creative, and see how tall and stable you can make a tower with only 1 marshmallow.
- Don't attempt to cook or burn the marshmallows to the spaghetti to try to strengthen your tower. It won't work, and your tower will just end up burnt.[18]
EditThings You'll Need - Packets of dry spaghetti
- Packets of full-size marshmallows
- Timer
- Chairs
- Measuring tape
EditSources and Citations
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| How to Keep Fruit Flies Away Posted: 26 Mar 2019 01:00 AM PDT Discovering fruit flies in your kitchen can be annoying, but there are plenty of ways to prevent them in the first place! Making sure your kitchen is clean, especially your trashcan and counters, can help. So can washing and storing fruit properly. If you discover you do have fruit flies, there are a few at-home measures you can take to get rid of them. EditKeeping Your Kitchen Clean - Wipe your sink and counters after you cut fruit. If you're peeling, cutting, or washing fruit, make sure you wipe down your counters and clean out your sink when you're done. Soak a sponge or cloth in warm water and then ring the excess out. Squeeze a bit of dish soap onto the cloth and rub it so it the soap bubbles up. Then wipe down your sink and counters, and wipe them down again with clean water.[1]
- You can also use a multi-purpose cleaner. Spray your surfaces with the cleaner and then wipe them down with a clean cloth.
- Take out your trash regularly. Even if you have a trashcan with a lid, the refuse from fruit and vegetables can be a breeding ground for fruit flies. You don't have to wait for your trashcan to be full to take the bag out. If there is food waste in the bag, it's better to take it out as soon as possible.[2]
- Rinse out empty cans and bottles. Fruit flies are attracted to bottles and cans that had sweet or fermented liquid in them. This means that wine, beer, and soda bottles that haven't been rinsed properly can attract fruit flies. Make sure you rinse out all of your empty cans and bottles and then place them in a recycling container with a lid.[3]
EditProtecting Your Fruit - Wash fruit as soon as you bring it home. Fruit flies often get into your home by coming in on fruit that you buy. Wash any fruit that you've purchased – especially fruit that will sit out in a fruit bowl like bananas – as soon as you bring it home.[4]
- Store fruit in a new container. After you've washed the fruit, don't just place it back in the bag it came in. Place it in a fruit bowl (Make sure it's clean first!), or a container with an airtight seal so you can put it in the fridge.[5]
- Cover the fruit bowl. An uncovered fruit bowl can be a breeding ground for fruit flies. Use a clear cake dome to cover the bowl. It lets you see what fruit is in the bowl, but prevents fruit flies from getting to your fruit and multiplying.[6]
EditGetting Rid of Fruit Flies - Use unfiltered apple cider vinegar. You don't have to buy a brand-new bottle of apple cider vinegar if you already have a half-used bottle. Take the lid off the bottle, place plastic wrap over the opening, and secure it with a rubber band around the neck of the bottle. Poke a small hole in the plastic wrap and set the bottle near where you've seen the most fruit flies.[7]
- Trap fruit flies with dish soap and vinegar. Fill a small bowl with vinegar and then add 3 drops of dish soap to the vinegar. Then set the bowl out near where you've seen fruit flies. The flies will be attracted by the vinegar but the soap will cut the surface tension of the vinegar so the flies that land will drown.[8]
- Hang fruit fly strips. You can find these odorless strips in most home improvement stores or online. Simply hang the strips from cabinets near where you notice the fruit flies. If you don't have a convenient cabinet handle, prop the strip up against a wall or cup in the area with the fruit flies.[9]
- Make lemongrass spray. Combine of water with 14 drops of lemongrass essential oil in a sealable container. Shake the container well to mix, and then transfer the spray into a glass spray bottle. Spray the areas where you've seen the fruit flies.[10]
- Don't spray any food with this spray, only the surfaces where you see fruit flies: cabinets, countertops, and walls.
EditReferences EditQuick Summary
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