| How to Retrain a Cat to Use the Litter Box Posted: 15 Jun 2017 05:00 PM PDT Has your cat stopped using the litter box? Understanding the reason for avoiding the litter box is critical to correcting your cat's behavior. The underlying cause is often a source of stress, such as a change in the household. Medical problems are another common culprit if your cat suddenly stops using the litter box, especially in senior cats. EditRetraining after a Move, Litter Change, or Negative Event - Move the litter box to the right location. Cats may stop using the litter box after a scary experience in the area, such as a loud noise or harassment by another pet. They may also dislike the spot you chose after moving the litter box, or moving to a new home. Keep the litter box in a quiet, low-traffic spot where the cat can see people coming. Choose a room with at least two exits so the cat doesn't feel cornered.[1]
- Keep litter boxes away from food and water bowls. Cats do not like to combine these two areas.
- Signs that your cat may have had an unpleasant experience in the litter box including running quickly in and out of the litter box, or using an area near the litter box.[2] Try moving the box to a new room if you notice this.
- Keep at least one litter box on every floor of a multistory home.[3]
- Play with toys near the litter box. Play with your cat in the same general area as the litter box. Leave toys (but not food) in the room so the cat spends time there and develops positive associations.[4]
- You can bring the cat to the litter box to investigate on its own, but do not drop it inside or reward it with treats for using it. These tactics can backfire by making the cat uncomfortable or afraid.[5] Unlike dogs, cats should choose the litter box on their own, especially if they used one in the past.
- Keep the litter box clean. If your cat perches on the edge of the box or eliminates right next to it, the box might be too dirty for it.[6] Remove clumps and top up with fresh litter at least once a day, preferably twice. Rinse the litter box once a week with baking soda or unscented soap.[7]
- If you use non-clumping litter, change the whole box every couple days to prevent odor build up, which can drive away the cat.[8]
- Do not clean the litter box with scented products. Do not use a disinfectant unless it is specifically made for litter boxes, as many of them contain chemicals toxic to cats.[9]
- Switch to new litter gradually. If you bought a different kind of litter, introduce it slowly. Mix a little of it in with the old type, and gradually increase the proportion each time you change the litter box.[10] Cats usually find it easier to adjust to unscented litter with a similar texture to their old litter.[11]
- If the old type of litter is no longer available, buy two or three new types. Put them in separate litter boxes side by side and let the cat choose its favorite.
- Try adjusting the depth of the litter, especially if it has a different texture than the cat is used to. Many cats prefer a shallow layer of litter, less than two inches (5 cm.) deep. Long-haired cats often like an extra-shallow layer so they can dig to the floor of the box.[12]
- Troubleshoot new litter boxes. If your cat hasn't responded well to a recent litter box replacement, try these adjustments to make it more appealing:[13]
- Some cats prefer covered boxes, and other prefer open trays. Try adding or removing the hood.
- Remove plastic liners from the litter box. These can snag a cat's claws.[14]
- Most cats adjust well to self-cleaning litter boxes but not all. There is a risk of an anxious cat being frightened by the motor, and refusing to use the box as a result. If in doubt it's best to stick with a regular litter box.
- If the box is smaller than the old one, you probably need to replace it with something larger. A large box with low sides works best; some people use a plastic sweater box.[15]
- Clean up urine and feces with an enzymatic cleaner. When the cat fails to use its litter box, clean the area with an enzymatic cleaner designed for cat urine (or a 10% solution of enzymatic washing powder in water). Rinse with cold water. This removes the smell of urine that can attract a cat to return to the same location.[16]
- For best results, lightly spray the area with rubbing alcohol after the water has dried. Scrub gently and let it air dry.
- Make soiled areas less appealing. If your cat has developed a habit of going in certain locations, block its access to those areas, or find temporary ways to discourage it until it has relearned good habits:
- If the cat uses a dark hiding spot, install a bright light, preferably motion-activated.[17]
- Make rugs or other areas unpleasant to stand on with tin foil or double-sided tape.[18]
- If the cat urinated on curtains, pin them up out of reach until the cat is back to using its litter.[19]
- Cover targeted furniture with plastic sheets or shower curtains.[20]
- Fill bathtubs and sinks with a shallow layer of water when not in use.[21]
- Place litter boxes in the problem areas. One solution is to give in to your cat's preferences and add new boxes in the areas it's using as a bathroom. Clearly this isn't ideal if your cat is using the center of the living room rug, but it's worth considering if the cat is soiling an out-of-the-way corner of your house.
- Another option is to move the cat's food bowl to this location. Most cats will not eliminate and eat in the same place.
- Use your cat's preference to your advantage. If none of these adjustments work, you may have to resort to a slower transition. For example, if your cat prefers to urinate on carpet, place a piece of similar carpet in the litter box. If the cat is willing to use that option, add a small amount of litter on top of the carpet the next day. Continue adding more litter and replacing the carpet when it gets too dirty, until the cat is transitioned to litter completely.
- You may have to confine the cat to a non-carpeted area of the house for a while to get this option to work, or to roll up your carpets temporarily. Confinement can backfire if the cat is stressed or bored.
- Similarly, if your cat is indoor/outdoor, or if your cat used to eliminate mostly outside, add garden soil or sand (without any fertilizer) to the box. Again, transition slowly from sand/soil to litter by adding small amounts of the new substrate to the preferred substrate a little at a time.
EditAddressing Other Causes - Spay or neuter your cat. This is not a requirement for litter training, but it does make urination outside the litter box much less likely. Unneutered males are especially likely to spray urine when they're stressed, not getting along with another male, or demonstrating their availability to a female cat.[22]
- The sooner this happens, the more likely the behavior will stop. If it goes on too long, the habit can persist even after surgery.[23]
- Reduce stress in your cat. Just like humans, cats may experience stress from changes in their environment or schedule. Your cat may stop using the litterbox after a person or other animal leaves the household, or when a new one moves in. Some cats even respond badly to redecoration. Here are a few ways to help:
- Provide private places where the cat can be on its own, including hiding spots and high perches.
- If your cat is allowed outside, let it come and go whenever it likes.[24]
- Let your cat initiate contact, and be calm and consistent in your response. Some cats are stressed because they aren't getting enough playtime, while others dislike being pet or picked up whenever the owner feels like it.
- If the cat's behavior continues, consult a veterinarian or animal behaviorist.
- Respond to vertical spraying. If your cat backs up against a vertical surface, wiggles its tail, and releases a spray of urine, your cat is spraying. If you don't see it in action, look for roundish areas of strong-smelling urine a little higher up than the height of your cat's rear end, with streak marks running down to the baseboard or floor. Any cat can perform this territorial behavior, but it is most common in unneutered, male cats. Here's how to respond if your cat is spraying:
- Spraying is often a response to stress or the presence of other cats.[25] Follow the advice above to address this.
- Spraying can be a response to a new neighborhood cat, especially if the spray is focused on a door, window, or air vent. Try to keep the cat out of your yard, or close the blinds so your cat can't see it.
- About 30% of cats that vets examine for spraying have a medical condition.[26] It's a good idea to have your cat examined, especially if you cannot find a solution.
- Replace small boxes as a kitten grows. If you adopted your cat as a kitten, it may need a larger litter box once it grows up. The cat should be able to turn around comfortably, and still be able to find a clean spot if you miss a cleanup.[27]
- Clip away matted fur in long-haired cats. Some long-haired cats dirty the fur around their rear when they eliminate. This can cause painful or unpleasant experiences that the cat learns to associate with the litter box. If you notice this happening, carefully clip away matted fur from the area.[28]
- Minimize damage when the owner is away. Some cats react poorly when their owner is away. They may try to urinate somewhere with a strong scent of the owner, usually the bed. Instruct the pet sitter to keep the bedroom door shut, and provide extra litter boxes so the cat can always reach one without walking by the pet sitter.[29]
- If possible, hire a pet sitter the cat already knows, or at least introduce them before you leave.
- Improve behavior in multi-pet households. Urine marking is a common reaction to conflict with another cat or dog, which can happen even if the animals got along in the past. For best results, make sure each animal can access resources without approaching the other:[30]
- Keep one litter box for each animal, plus one extra. Put each one in a separate location with at least two exit routes if possible.
- Give each animal its own bed and food bowl. Keep these resources away from litter boxes and from each other.
- Provide plenty of perches and hiding spaces for each cat.
- Separate animals if bad behavior continues. If your cat still won't use the litter box, or still acts aggressive to the other animal, try a stricter method of separation. This is often necessary when bringing a new cat into the household:[31]
- Separate the cats into rooms with a closed door in between, so they can smell but not see each other. Expose them to each other's scents by feeding them on the two sides of the same door, or by switching their rooms daily.
- After a few days, crack open the door. If they do not react badly, let them approach each other.
- If they act aggressive, use leashes to keep them in the same room safely for short sessions. Let them play or eat during these sessions, and gradually bring them closer to each other each time.
- Once the cats are calm, try rubbing a little tuna juice on their heads. This encourages relaxation through grooming, potentially even with each other.
EditRuling Out a Medical Issue - Assess whether your cat is having a hard time urinating. If you see your cat straining while trying to urinate, or spending a long time trying with no result, take your cat to the vet immediately. Male cats in particular can develop urinary conditions where the urethra (the tube from the bladder to the penis) narrows or gets blocked. Typically small amounts of urine can pass until the cat is completely blocked and cannot urinate at all. This is a life threatening situation and needs immediate medical care. Blockages can also occur in the intestinal tract.
- Some cats with a urinary infection or blockage spend a lot of time trying to urinate, licking their genitals, or crying at their owner.[32]
- Evaluate whether your cat is having fecal issues. Fecal constipation does occur in cats and can lead to chronic issues requiring special diets and laxatives. Diarrhea is not uncommon either, including chronic diarrhea related to inflammatory bowel disease. Any of these conditions are uncomfortable for the cat and may cause the cat to be afraid of the litter box or unable to get to the litter box in time to avoid an accident.
- Many cats with inflammatory bowel disease only have occasional symptoms for no obvious reason. Appetite changes, lethargy, vomiting, or increased hairball production can be signs of intestinal discomfort.[33]
- Improve physical access to the box. If your cat is older or has an injury, it may not be able to get into the litter box as comfortably as it once could. Does your cat limp, need help jumping up to a chair or bed, have episodes of shaking legs, or seem painful around its spine or tail? If so, take the cat to the vet immediately! You may be able to make the cat more comfortable by getting a litter box with lower sides, or with a "doorway" cut into the side. You may need to consider a larger box so that the cat can turn around easily once inside.
- An overweight cat may not fit comfortably in the box any longer. Get a larger box and place the cat on a diet. Consult with your veterinarian about safe weight loss strategies for your cat.
- Talk to your veterinarian to rule out other medical problems. Urinating outside of the litter box often results from a feline medical issue, including urinary tract infections, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, hyperthyroidism, bladder inflammation with or without urinary crystals, and intestinal issues (IBD). When in doubt, have a veterinarian conduct a medical checkup.
- Observe your cat so you are prepared to answer your veterinarian's questions. Possible questions include: Does the cat urinate right by the litter box or further away? How large is the spot of urine? Does the cat ever try to urinate in the litter box? Does the cat vocalize when urinating? Is there an increase in water consumption? Can you tell if the urine is almost clear, normal color, or dark? How frequently is the cat urinating?
- Even if there is no medical cause, your vet could prescribe anti-anxiety drugs to prevent spraying. This is not a guaranteed or risk-free solution, so talk to your vet about the pros and cons.[34]
- You may have to seek out urine spots that are not obvious in order to find them all. This includes the underside of carpet, and the padding and the floor under that. A black light, used in the dark, will make spots that have had urine on them glow.
- If you have multiple cats and are not sure which one is urinating outside the box, talk to your vet about giving one of your cats fluorescein. This is a harmless dye that will temporarily cause that cat's urine to glow blue under a black light.[35] Alternatively, keep your cats in separate rooms until you've figured it out.
- If your dog harasses the cat while it is on the litter box, or tries to rummage in the cat's litter, block access to the litter box with a baby gate. Raise the gate high enough that the cat can slip underneath, but the dog cannot.[36]
- Do not punish your cat for not using the litter box, including by rubbing its nose in the urine or feces.[37] This will not improve the cat's behavior.
- Do not clean up urine with an ammonia-based cleaner. Urine contains ammonia, so the scent may attract the cat to the same spot next time.[38]
- Urine spraying is much more likely if you keep many cats in a small space. According to some studies, it is almost unavoidable in households with ten or more cats.[39]
- Cats that spray when stressed often return to the behavior when they encounter a new source of anxiety. If this happens, a prompt visit to the vet can make it easier to find a long term solution before the problem becomes a persistent habit.[40]
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| How to Do a Layered Haircut Posted: 15 Jun 2017 09:00 AM PDT Layered hair frames and enhances features, making it a great choice for any face shape. If you want to give layering a try but would prefer not to spend money on an expensive haircut, there are simple techniques you can try at home. A layered cut is the way to go! EditLayer Long Hair - Get your hair ready for layering. Start with clean, dry hair, since it's more difficult to control the length when you work with wet hair. Use a wide-toothed comb to comb all of the tangles from your hair, so that the layers you create will be neat.
- Gather your hair at the top of your head. Bend over so your head is upside down, comb your hair forward, and use your hands to form a ponytail at the top of your head. Fasten it there with a hair elastic, then turn your head right side up. Make sure your hair is smooth against your head; any lumps or tangled parts could result in messy layering.
- Move the elastic down the ponytail. Slide it down until it's a couple of inches from the end of the ponytail. If you want subtle layering, slide the elastic down so there is only an inch or so of hair remaining in the ponytail. For more drastic layers, leave a few inches of hair in the ponytail.
- Cut the end of the ponytail. Hold your hair at the elastic to keep it from coming loose. Use a sharp pair of haircutting scissors to cut your hair just above the elastic, then shake out your hair.
- If your hair is quite thick, you may have to cut through the ponytail in more than one section. Just make sure you cut each section at the same length, just above the elastic.
- Be careful not to cut at an angle or let the scissors slip. Cut straight across for even layers.
- Examine your layers. This method creates a few face-framing layers in the front with longer layers in the back. If you'd like to adjust the length of your layers, use the scissors to carefully cut individual locks of hair.
EditLayer Short Hair - Get your hair ready for layering. It's better to layer short hair when it's wet, so that you can cut the hair with greater precision. Wash and condition your hair as usual, then towel it dry in preparation for the haircut.
- Layering short hair is more difficult to do by yourself than layering long hair, since you're creating each layer individually. Take a look at your hair and decide exactly where you want the layers to be and how short you want them before you begin.
- Plan to cut your hair in a well-lit bathroom with at least two mirrors, so you can check your progress often and see the back of your head as well.
- Comb your hair into sections. Short hair must be divided into sections before layering. Use a comb to carefully divide your hair in the following way:
- Make a "top box" section by creating a part on either side of the crown of the head. The two parts create a section of hair in the middle of the head.
- Comb this "top box" forward and comb the hair to either side straight down, so that the sections are clearly delineated.
- Divide the top box into two parts: the first part extends from the crown of your head to your forehead, and the second part extends from the crown of your head to the nape of your neck.
- Use a comb to lift the frontmost section of the top box. Lift the hair at a ninety-degree angle from your head and hold it straight between your forefinger and middle finger. Your fingers should be perpendicular to your forehead.
- Trim the top box. Use a sharp scissors to trim the tips of the hair extending from between your fingers. Let the hair fall, then use the comb to lift another section of hair in a slightly different spot. Hold it at a 90-degree angle from your head between your forefinger and middle finger, then trim the tips to the exact same length as the first section of hair you trimmed.
- Continue trimming hair from the top until you've trimmed the entire front and back sections of the box.
- Use a spray bottle filled with water to keep the hair wet as you go.
- Pay careful attention to which sections of hair have been cut and which still need to be cut. When you're working with short hair, cutting the same section twice can make a big difference.
- All hair should be trimmed to the same length. When the cut is finished, it will be layered in appearance.
- Part your hair down the middle. Once the entire top box has been trimmed, change the part of your hair by combing it to the sides so that you have a part straight down the middle.
- Trim the sides of your hair. Working from the front of your hair around the side to the back, lift sections of hair straight from the top of your head and hold them between your fingers. Hold your hair so that your fingers are perpendicular to your forehead. Use the scissors to trim the tips of your hair, then move on to the next section. Repeat until you've trimmed the top layer of hair on the side of your head, then do the other side.
- Examine your layers. If you see a spot that is uneven, or you want shorter layers, use the scissors to carefully trim your hair a small section at a time.
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| How to Improve Your Clarity of Speech Posted: 15 Jun 2017 01:00 AM PDT If you mumble a lot when speaking or find that people don't understand a lot of what you are saying, you can take steps to improve your clarity of speech. Whether you have to give a speech, have a job that requires you speak publicly, or simply want to improve your overall speaking patterns, there are several methods you can employ to speak more clearly. EditTaking Your Time While Speaking - Control your breath. Listen to a singer or watch him on stage and you'll see how much he pays attention to his breathing. Mick Jagger wouldn't be able to run up and down a stage while belting "You Can't Always Get What You Want" if he didn't know how to breathe properly. The same goes for speaking, and proper breathing can greatly improve your speech clarity.
- One way to ensure that you're getting proper breaths is to put one hand on your belly and one on your chest while breathing. You want the hand on your belly to move while your chest stays in place. Breathing with your belly ensures that you get a true full breath that will allow you speak with a full voice.[1]
- Speak at the top of your breath. Once you've inhaled properly, begin speaking and think about your words as your breath slowly and steadily leaves you. This allows your breath to support your words and will allow you to naturally take your time.
- Don't rush when speaking. Talk deliberately, but not so slow that you sound like a robot.
- Oftentimes, speaking in public can make people nervous. If you find yourself nervous and rushing, try to remember that it's ok to slow down. If you are breathing correctly this will help you stay calm and parse out your words.
- Also keep in mind that people want to hear what you have to say. Your words have value, so give them a chance to hear them.
- The human ear can pick up on a lot very quickly but by making sure that you finish each word completely before starting the next one, you'll create enough space between words so that everyone can understand you properly.
- Swallow excess saliva. Saliva left in the mouth can result in mumbling and distortion of consonants such as "S" and "K".
- Taking a moment to swallow will not only keep your mouth clear, but it will give you time to pause and breathe again.
- Take a moment to swallow when you finish a sentence or thought, not during the middle of a sentence. This will also give you a moment to prepare what you're going to say next.
- Know what you are going to say. Whether you're giving a public speech or just having a casual conversation with a friend, taking at least a moment before speaking to know what you are going to say will help you speak with clarity and prevent you from talking too fast.
- Clarity isn't just about forming words properly, it's also about getting your message or point of view out as precisely as possible. Oftentimes this means knowing what you want to say so you don't have to backtrack or fill in your sentences with "um", "like", or "uh".
- Walk it out. If you have to speak publicly and are giving a presentation of some kind you have probably written down at least an outline of your speech. Practice your speech while walking around.
- Some actors will use this method to memorize their lines, as getting up and moving can help you remember what you need to say. Practice your speech and say one word for every step you take.
- This may seem arduous and slow, but by taking one step for every word you'll learn to slow down. You don't have to speak this slowly in your speech or normal conversations but being able to feel comfortable going at a slower pace will improve your speech clarity and allow you to further take your time.
- Repeat words that are hard to say. When we have a hard time pronouncing certain words we often speed up and try to stumble through them resulting in muddled speech. Practice saying these words aloud over and over again until you build the muscle memory to pronounce them correctly.
- Words like "Squirrel", "Brewery", "Phenomenon", and "February" are considered some of the hardest words to pronounce in the English language because they may be spelled unlike they sound.[2]
- To help you learn to pronounce difficult words try spelling the words out phonetically.
- Once you feel comfortable with trouble words you will be able to speak with confidence and take your time.
EditImproving Your Diction - Try tongue twisters. Tongue twisters are a great way to improve your speech clarity as mastering them will allow you learn how to keep your voice clear and speak with confidence. Many actors and public speakers will practice tongue twisters before going on stage to warm their voices up.
- Start off slowly and gradually build up until you can say them at a normal conversational speed. When speaking them, exaggerate the words, making your tongue, jaw, and lips work hard. As you become surer of them, begin to project your voice and exaggerate the words more. This helps you gain skill and strengthens the muscles in your mouth for speech.[3]
- Try some of these tongue twisters to improve your speech clarity:
- You know New York, you need New York, you know you need unique New York. (Repeat).
- Red leather, yellow leather. (Repeat).
- While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington's windows with warm washing water.[4]
- Read aloud. If you're reading a book or even just the news in the morning, practice reading it out loud. Doing this will help you become more familiar with how you sound when you speak. Oftentimes when we are talking to people we aren't really listening to ourselves and how we sound. By reading something out loud in the comfort of your own home you can begin to listen to yourself and pay attention to areas where you may not speak clearly.
- You can also record yourself talking and then play it back while taking note of where you may mumble or not speak clearly.
- Practice speaking with a cork in your mouth. Many actors and voice actors do this exercise to increase clarity and diction, especially when it comes to something like Shakespeare.[5]By putting a cork between your teeth and speaking aloud you train your mouth to work extra hard to really pronounce every syllable, and the cork will also prevent your tongue from tripping you up on certain words.
- This exercise can tire your jaw, which will help you learn to relax it, but you shouldn't do this for too long so you don't get sore.
- You may also want to have a napkin with you as you produce a lot of saliva with this method.
- Pay attention to tone. Tone also plays into clarity and diction as it can affect how you pronounce certain words.
- Are you giving a speech that is supposed to excite people? They may have a harder time understanding you if you are monotone or disinterested.
- Your tone, whether you're excited, informative, or conversational will affect how people pay attention to your speech, and can improve your clarity.
- Tone is everything from your attitude when speaking to the pitch of your voice. Take note of how high or low your voice is when speaking.
- Avoid uptalk. Uptalk is that nasty habit of ending your sentences with an upward inflection that makes you sound like you're asking a question.[6]
- End your sentences on a strong note with authority. Speak with declarative statements and invoke confidence.[7]
- A lot of times uptalk happens when we don't feel confident in what we are saying. Maybe someone asks you what you do and you respond with "I'm a designer?" This is uptalk and it makes you sound almost apologetic. Instead, own your response and statements. "I'm a designer."
EditExercising Your Muscles - Practice jaw exercises to enhance clarity of speech. Relax your jaw to make your speech a lot clearer with some exercises.
- Make wide chewing motions while humming gently.
- Stretch every muscle in your jaw and face. Open your mouth as wide as possible (as if you were about to yawn), while moving your jaw in circles, and sideways.
- Open your mouth wide, as in the previous exercise, and shut it again. Repeat 5 times.
- Make a buzzing sound with your lips together, but don't clench your jaw.
- Watch your posture. Just like breathing, your posture plays a large role in your speech clarity, and it's something that we sometimes forget to take into account.[8]
- For best speech clarity you should stand straight with your shoulders back and your weight evenly distributed.
- Do some shoulder rolls and standing side bends to help with your posture.[9]These simple exercises will also help you with your breathing, and you can even do your jaw strengthening techniques while you stretch.
- Warm your vocal chords. Doing vocal warmups will loosen you up and prepare your voice so you can speak clearly and effectively.
- Even if you're not singing, you can do some scales or just hum. Try singing your tongue twisters too.
- Do some "Whooos!" going up and down. Picture your voice like a ferris wheel going round and round.
- Hum and pat your chest. This can help knock out any phlegm you may have.
- Avoid speaking with clenched teeth.
- When you clench your teeth you're causing a lot of strain on yourself and it can be a sign of stress. And speaking with a clenched jaw will prevent you from opening your mouth enough to enunciate and speak clearly.
- If you find yourself clenching your jaw, practice some of the warmups, and take a moment to take a deep breath slowly exhaling by letting your breath buff your cheeks out, as if you're letting air out of a balloon.
- Stay hydrated. Your vocal chords are like a machine that needs to stay well oiled. Gargle some lukewarm water with a pinch of salt to keep them limber. This helps relieve tension in the throat.[10]
- Say "EE"-Pull the corners of your lips back and say "Eeeeee...."
- Be confident and stay relaxed while talking to anyone. That helps you to get more clarity in your speech.
- You may feel a little weird or even amused while doing some of these exercises, but the more you practice them, the easier and rewarding it will become
- Say "AW"- (like "Arkansas" -- drop the jaw).
- Say these sounds very exaggeratedly:
Aa ee oo ei oh
Kaa kee koo kay koh
Saa she soo say so
Taa chee tsu tay toh
Naa nee noo nay noh
Haa hee hoo hay ho
Maa me moo may mo
Yaa yee yoo yay yo
Raa ree roo ray roh
Waa we woo way woe. - Another exercise is to write a few sentences on a piece of paper, then underline the last letter of each word. When you read the paper, exaggerate the last letter, then pause for a few seconds. You could also put commas between a lot of the words to slow you down.
- Demosthenes, a Greek thinker, used to speak with pebbles in his mouth to improve his stuttering. It might be worth trying with something clean, safe and edible, such as cookies or ice cubes. Just be careful so you don't choke.
- Practice these vowel sounds by adding any consonant like,"paa paw poh poo pay pee pie, saw saw soh soo say see sigh.."
- Clear your head and just think about what you are about to say to clear out worrying thoughts. This helps for public speeches.
- Try to understand what you're saying! Feel the strength of voice, it's make you strong to speak in front of a large amount of people.
- When working the jaw and mouth, don't push yourself so far that you hurt yourself. If you feel pain, relax your face a bit.
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