| How to Redline a Document in Microsoft Word Posted: 02 Sep 2016 05:00 PM PDT "Redlining" is a form of editing in which red ink is used to indicate removal or addition of text in Microsoft Word. You can redline a Microsoft Word document by using Microsoft Word's built-in "Track Changes" feature, or you can manually redline the document with font color changes and strike-throughs. "Track Changes" is perfect for large-scale editing and feedback, whereas manual redlining is better suited to smaller documents and papers that are sent between different versions of Word. EditUsing Track Changes - Open the document you wish to edit.
- In the toolbar at the top of the screen, click the "Review" tab. This tab contains tools to help with spell checking and editing, including the "Track Changes" feature.
- Click the "Track Changes" button to enable Track Changes. This feature places a red line in the margins next to any edited text. It also displays any added text in red.[1]
- You can also turn on "Track Changes" from any tab by pressing + + .
- Open the drop-down menu next to the "Track Changes" button. This menu lets you choose how advanced your change tracking is.
- Select "All Markup". This option displays added or replacement text in red. It also adds comments to the right-hand edit bar that detail which action was performed (e.g., "inserted" or "deleted").
- Your other options are "Simple Markup", which displays red lines next to edited lines of text but doesn't show specifically what changed, "No Markup", which doesn't display changes at all, and "Original", which draws a line through deleted text but doesn't show replacement text.
- In "Simple Markup", you can click the red lines next to edited lines of text to show which changes were made (as in "All Markup").[2]
- Click the "Show Markup" drop-down menu. From here, you can choose which elements of "Track Changes" are displayed. Click each option to check it (enable) or uncheck it (disable).[3]
- Checking "Comments" shows any editor comments in the margins.
- Checking "Ink" shows editor drawings.
- Checking "Insertions and Deletions" shows added and removed text.
- Checking "Formatting" shows changes to formatting (e.g., double-spacing or changing the margins).
- Highlight some text, then click "New Comment" in the "Comments" section of the toolbar. This feature allows you to add feedback to highlighted text. Your feedback will appear in the right-hand edits bar.
- Edit the document as you please. Whenever you delete or add a character, Microsoft Word will place a vertical red line next to the line of text in which the edit was made.
- Click "Accept" to save your changes. Your document has been successfully redlined! Clicking "Accept" removes the red ink and other formatting indicators.[4]
EditRedlining Manually - Open the document you wish to edit. Manually redlining a document is preferable if you're editing a document in an outdated version of Word or if you want more control over which changes are displayed. Manual redlining is compatible with all versions of Word.
- Click the "Home" tab if it isn't already open. This tab contains tools such as text bolding, italicizing, and underlining. The Home tab is in the blue toolbar at the top of the screen.
- Find the "Strikethrough" button in the toolbar. It's located right next to the "Underline" button. You'll use strikethrough to cross out undesired text.
- Find the "Font Color" button in the toolbar. It's marked as a capital "A" with a colored (usually black) bar underneath. You'll use this tool to write new text different-colored ink.
- You can change the "Font Color" selection by clicking on the bar underneath "A", then selecting a new color from the drop-down menu.
- Click and drag the mouse cursor over an unwanted section of text to highlight it. While text is highlighted, any tool you use will affect it--for example, clicking the "Font Color" button will change the highlighted text to whichever color the bar on the button is.
- Click the "Strikethrough" button to place a line through the highlighted text. This will demonstrate recommended deletion of the highlighted content.
- Make sure there is a space between the end of your strikethrough and the next word. Otherwise, any following text that you type will automatically have a line through it.
- Place your cursor at the end of the space after the strikethrough text. If you're retyping the strikethrough text, you'll want to do it in a different color than the default text.
- Click the "Font Color" button. If your new text isn't a different color than the document's default text, change it to something highly visible (e.g., red or orange). This is your "editing" color.
- Add your replacement text after the strikethrough text. The line through the former text combined with your new, red-ink text will clearly show which text was "deleted" and the text replacing it.
- Make sure any additions are in your editing color. You need to clearly show which text you've added to the document.
- For example, use your editing color if you add a semicolon to a run-on sentence.
- Repeat steps 5 through 11 until your document is completely edited.
- Press + to save your document. Your document has been successfully redlined!
- You can also click "File" in the upper left-hand corner of the screen and select "Save".
- Manual redlining is perfect for small editing projects, like peer feedback in a classroom.
- If you're on a shared PC, you can lock the "Track Changes" feature with a password so other Word users can't make changes under your name.
- Make sure you save your progress often!
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found
|
| How to Grow Green Peppers Posted: 02 Sep 2016 09:00 AM PDT You don't have to be an experienced gardener to grow luscious, vibrant green peppers. All it takes is patience, attention and a little knowledge of the right growing conditions. Green peppers, like most other varieties, thrive in the heat, which is why they have such a celebrated history in countries with arid climates. With this in mind, it's important to know where to begin cultivating green pepper seedlings, how frequently to water them and when the best time is to transplant them outside to grow on their own. EditCultivating Green Pepper Seeds - Purchase green pepper seeds from the grocery store or farmer's market. Visit your local grocer, farmer's market or plant nursery and buy a package of green pepper seeds. Peppers come in many different varieties, and some options might not be available at all times of the year. Shop around until you find a place that sells healthy, organic green pepper seeds.[1]
- If you have a large garden, make the most of your planting space and look into other types of peppers that can be grown alongside green peppers.
- You can also save and reuse seeds from the previous year's harvest if you've grown green peppers in the past.
- Place the seeds between damp paper towels in a plastic bag. The green pepper seeds require a lot of moisture and warmth to start growing. Wet two folded paper towels with warm water, wring out the excess and sandwich the green pepper seeds between them. Then, slide the paper towels into a Ziploc bag and store it somewhere warm. The plant's initial growth will take place inside the bag![2]
- Green pepper plants need to grow for 8-10 weeks prior to the final frost of early spring before they can be transplanted outside.
- You also have the option of buying green peppers that are past their germination stage if you want to begin the process of growing them in your garden immediately.
- Transfer the seedlings to individual planters. After the seeds have sprouted, you should move them to small individual planters such as flower pots. There, they will begin to absorb moisture and nutrients from soil. Keep the soil moist, but don't overwater. A couple tablespoons of water every day should be sufficient for plants growing indoors.[3]
- Basic flower pots will do the trick, but you could also look into a germination mat or another indoor planter that encourages seedling growth and takes up minimal space.[4]
- Young plants that grow slowly and produce droopy, shriveled fruit or foliage may be receiving too much or too little water.
- Keep growing plants exposed to sunlight. Take the seedlings you planted in shallow planters and set them on the window sill to soak up light and warmth during the day. It's important for green peppers to have ample light in order to grow. If weather permits, open the window to expose the pepper seedlings to direct sunlight. Water lightly and store them someplace warm during chilly nights.[5]
- After seeding them inside, you should gradually begin to expose your green pepper plants to outdoor conditions. Leaving the window open to allow direct sunlight and air flow is a good way to start.[6]
- Green peppers should get at least 5-6 hours of sunlight per day.
EditTransplanting Green Peppers to the Garden - Wait until the right time in the season. Transplanting should be done immediately following the last frost of early spring when the weather begins to warm. In hotter climates, this will usually be around March or April. If you live in a location that experiences lasting winter temperatures, you might have to wait until closer to summer to plant viable young peppers. Green peppers can be grown basically year-round in arid regions where the environment is hot and temperate. Just make sure your plants get enough water if you're growing them in a place that's hot with dry conditions.[7]
- Most people should plan on starting their seedlings indoors around late January or early February and transplanting them after around 10 weeks.[8]
- Keep row covers on your green pepper plants at night to help them retain heat, even after the last frost of the season has ended.
- Find an open, sunny space in your garden. Set aside a corner of your garden with plenty of room to continue growing the green peppers. The site you choose should have soil that is well-drained, rich and dark. Try to choose a location that receives direct sunlight, and make sure you plant the peppers far enough away from other hearty fruits and vegetables to avoid competition for nutrients.[9]
- Green peppers do best if they're grown in places with temperatures around 70 degrees or hotter.[10]
- Don't plant harvesting vegetables like green peppers near leafy plants that may be eaten by rabbits and other foraging animals.
- Dig holes large enough to accommodate growing pepper plants. Use a shovel or hand trowel to dig holes roughly 6-8 inches deep and 10-12 inches wide. Aerate the soil around the holes thoroughly. Plant the green pepper seedlings in the holes and refill them loosely.[11]
- Green peppers should be planted approximately 12-18 inches apart to have room to grow without overtaking one another.
- Add a little fertilizer to the soil. Work a little 5-10-10 fertilizer into the soil to keep the pepper plants fed. Don't use too much: about a teaspoon worth will do the trick. Green peppers take most of their sustenance from the soil they grow in, so overfertilizing can actually leach nutrients from the plants and in severe cases may even kill them.[12]
- Some gardeners recommend placing a few matchsticks heads-down in the soil around a pepper plant to give them the little bit of sulfur they require.[13]
- Cover the plants with row covers when it's cold. In order to keep your green peppers growing healthy and robust, you need to keep them warm. Shield the plants with insulated row covers on particularly cold nights or whenever a frost is expected. The row covers trap the heat that the peppers need while also providing a barrier from precipitation, runoff and grazing scavengers.[14]
- It's okay to leave row covers on heat-loving plants like green peppers in milder climates.
- Always wait until early spring to plant peppers. Chill weather can kill them or severely hinder their growth.
EditGrowing Healthy Green Peppers - Water green pepper plants regularly. Give your green pepper plants a healthy drink every 1-2 days, depending on what the weather is like. Peppers grown in hotter climates will likely need more water. An inch or two of water per week is best for most green pepper plants of average size in moderate growing conditions. Avoid overwatering, as this can kill the plant or make it susceptible to disease.[15]
- Make sure plot you pick out is well-drained so that water doesn't pool around the plants and turn the soil soggy.
- Mix organic matter into the soil around the plants. Break up the soil around the plants every few weeks and add a shovelful of mulch or compost. Your green peppers will grow more efficiently if they can feed off the organic matter. Some pepper plants don't even need a separate fertilizer if a little compost is added to the soil at intervals.[16]
- Organic materials like mulch also help the soil retain moisture, which is useful for making sure green pepper plants get enough water in hot weather.
- Support the plants with garden stakes once they're large enough. As your peppers grow, the fruit can become heavy, putting strain on the stalk. Correct this by tying the pepper stalks to wooden garden stakes, which will help the plant support its own weight. Stakes can be bought cheap at most gardening centers.[17]
- Secure the plant's stalks to the stakes using pantyhose or rubber bands rather than ordinary plastic ties. The added flexibility will ensure that the tie doesn't constrict the plant's growth or cause stress or breakage to the stalk.
- Tomato cages are a wonderful alternative to basic wooden stakes. These help support the plant and also protect it from animals.[18]
- Harvest green peppers when they're fully grown. Green peppers are ready to be harvested by the time they've reached the desired size, typically 3-4 inches in length. Most of the time, however, knowing whether a pepper is ripe is determined by its color. Mature peppers will exhibit a deep green hue that is darker than the stalk and stem of the plant. Remove ripe peppers from their stems using a sharp knife or gardening shears. Rinse and dry peppers before cooking with them, or store them in the refrigerator until they're ready to be used.[19]
- Most varieties of sweet peppers, like green peppers, will be ready to harvest between 60-90 days after they're transplanted outdoors.[20]
- Green peppers will stay fresh in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.
- Avoid relying on chemical fertilizers to grow peppers. The nitrogen in most chemical additives is too harsh, and in many cases it can promote the growth of plant foliage at the expense of the fruit. Organic matter like compost or mulch should be used instead.
- If the leaves of the plant are wilting, it may be too hot. Try to move them into shade or water them with more cool water.
- The ideal heat conditions for growing green peppers is a daytime temperature around 75 degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius), with a nighttime temperature of approximately 65 degrees Fahrenheit (18 degrees Celsius). Temperatures that are significantly colder or hotter might inhibit the growth of the pepper plants.
- Peppers will change color as they grow and develop. Once green peppers take on a deep, dark green tint, they have reached the peak of their ripeness and nutrient content and should be harvested.
- Wait to plant your green peppers until outdoor nighttime temperatures are around 50 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. Otherwise, the chill may cause the plants to die.
- Avoid planting green pepper plants near vegetables like fennel and kohlrabi, as these can be detrimental to the growth of other vegetables.
EditThings You'll Need - Green pepper seeds or young plants
- Paper towels
- Plastic sandwich bag
- Germination mat (optional)
- 50-10-10 fertilizer
- Compost or mulch
- Row covers
- Water
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found
|
| How to Relieve Bunions Posted: 02 Sep 2016 01:00 AM PDT The most prevalent disorder of the foot is a hallux valgus deformity, or a bunion. Bunions develop when bone or tissue at the joint on your big toe shifts out of place. Narrow shoes, hindfoot malalignment and heredity all seem to contribute to the development of bunions, especially in women. The deformity is also seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Pressure and abnormal motion on the joint will force your big toe to bend, causing a painful lump to develop, or a bunion. Having bunions on your feet can result in constant pain and discomfort, especially because your big toe carries so much of your weight when you walk, run, or play sports.[1] You can relieve bunions by adjusting your shoes, by wearing bunion splints and orthotic devices, and by doing home care to reduce the pain. In addition, you can also use massage and foot stretches to help relieve your bunions. Most bunions can also be treated with surgery. If your bunions become too painful, you may want to consider getting them surgically removed. EditAdjusting Your Shoes - Wear shoes that have a wide toe box. You can relieve the pressure on your bunions by wearing shoes that have a wide, flexible sole that supports your feet. There should also be enough room in the toe box, or the part surrounding the front of your foot, to fit the bunion without it rubbing against the shoe. Shoes like sandals, athletic shoes, and soft leather shoes are all ideal as they will provide support and space for your bunions.[2]
- If you wear heels, you should try to keep your heels low, no higher than an inch off the ground. Your shoes should also have a sturdy heel counter so the heel of your shoes are snug and stay in place when you walk.
- Avoid narrow shoes or slip on shoes as they will not provide the support and space your need to walk comfortably with your bunions.
- If you have shoes that you find comfortable but cannot wear due to your bunions, you may be able to reshape them to make them less narrow using stretchers in the shoes. However, you should only do this if the shoes support your feet well.
- Buy shoes that fit your feet properly. Do not believe the myth that your feet do not grow once you reach adulthood. In fact, your feet can get bigger and wider as the ligaments loosen and your arches flatten over time. When you are buying new shoes, you should ask a sales associate to make sure the shoes are not too narrow for your feet. They can measure your feet and help you find the right size so your new shoes do not agitate your bunion further.[3]
- You can also make sure the shoes fit properly by walking around in them in the store to ensure they do not pinch or squeeze your toes. There should be ample room in the toe box or front area of the shoe for your bunions.
- Put orthotics in your shoes. Orthotics can be placed inside your shoes to help realign the bones in your feet. They can also reduce the amount of pressure on your bunions, which can make your bunions less painful. You can buy orthotics over-the-counter at your local drugstore or pharmacy.[4]
- You can also get prescription orthotics from your primary care doctor or from a podiatrist. Prescription orthotics are custom made for your feet so they will be fit your feet properly and provide the type of support you need.
- Keep in mind orthotics are usually a short term solution to bunions and feet pain. You may need to have your bunions surgically removed if they continue to be painful and make it difficult for you to walk.
EditDoing Home Care - Tape and pad your bunions. You can tape your big toe with medical tape so it lays straight, forming a splint. You can also buy special bunion splints that are worn over the top of your foot and your big toe to help straighten the alignment. Only use a splint with the guidance of your doctor.[5][6]
- You can also use moleskin or gel-filled pads on your bunions to protect them and prevent them from rubbing on your shoe. You can get bunion pads over-the-counter at your local pharmacy or online. Some bunion pads stick right to the bunions and others stay on your foot with a small loop that fits over your toe.
- Ice your bunions to reduce swelling. Your big toe joint may be painful and swollen due to the bunion. You can relieve this discomfort by applying an ice pack to the area several times a day. Icing your bunions can offer temporary relief.[7]
- Wrap the icepack or a bag of frozen vegetables in a cloth. Apply it to your bunions 20 minutes at a time.
- You should also get in the habit of elevating your feet after a long day of standing or walking. This will help to reduce any inflammation on your feet due to your bunions.[8]
- Take over-the-counter painkillers. You can alleviate some of the pain and discomfort caused by your bunions by taking OTC painkillers like ibuprofen and paracetamol. Follow the directions on the label for dosage information.[9]
- Keep in mind taking OTC painkillers is only a temporary solution for your bunion pain. If your bunions become too painful and uncomfortable, you may need to consider surgery to remove them.
EditUsing Massage, Stretching, and Exercise - Massage your feet with your hands. You can do a quick ten minute foot massage at home using your hands. Massaging your feet can help to loosen the tight muscles around your bunions and on your big toe, reducing pain and cramping in this area.[10]
- Start by using your thumbs to massage right beneath the mounds of your toes. This will help to release these muscles and loosen any tension in this spot.
- You can then massage from the base of your big toe and down through your inner arch. Use your fingers to massage along the little toe side of your foot and anywhere on your sole that feels tight.
- Finally, stick your fingers between your toes as far as they will go. You may need to wiggle your fingers to get them between your toes. Work the toes back and forth with your hands to loosen them up further.
- Do arch lifts. You can stretch your arches by doing arch lifts at home. This will help to stretch and strengthen your arches, making your feet feel less cramped and sore. You can do this exercise on an exercise mat.[11]
- Start by standing with your feet hip width apart. Then, lift all ten toes and stretch them upward. Slowly lower them back down one by one.
- Raise only your small toes and keep your big toe on the ground. Extend your big toe forward and down toward the ground.
- Then, ground your big toe mound and inner heel down to the ground. This will keep your arch lifted and strong.
- Try toe stretches. You should also do toe stretches by moving your toes up and down on the ground. This will help to stretch and strengthen your toe joints.
- Lift and extend your big toe several times. Extend it forward, like you are trying to push a button in front of your toe, and then slowly lower it down.[12]
- After you do this several times, you may notice the muscle that runs from your inner heel through your inner arch to your big toe is starting to ache. This is a good sign, as you want to work this muscle, the abductor hallucis.
- Then, lift all of your toes and extend only your little toes out and down toward the ground. Do this several times.
- Finish by lifting your middle toes and spreading them out. Then, extend only your big toes and little toes out and down toward the ground.
- Do low-impact exercises. To avoid agitating your bunions, you should stick to low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, or stationary biking. These activities will not irritate your bunions as much as high-impact activities like running, martial arts, or contact sports.[13]
- If your bunions become less painful and uncomfortable over time, you may be able to resume high-impact activities and exercises.
EditGetting Surgery - Consider surgery if your bunions do not improve within a year. Surgery is a last resort, and it is is only recommended if your bunions cause you frequent pain and get worse within a year. Often, surgery is done if the bunion is causing other foot issues and negatively affecting the second toe on your foot.[14]
- Keep in mind that though surgery is the only way to get rid of your bunions, your bunions can grow back if your feet are agitated by improper shoes. You should always wear correctly fitted shoes to prevent your bunions from returning after surgery.[15]
- Discuss your surgical options with your doctor. There are several different surgical options to treat bunions and the type of surgery you get will depend on how severe your bunions are. Your surgeon may remove the bunions and use pins, wires, or screws to hold the bones in your feet in place to allow them to heal.[16]
- The most common type of bunion surgery is osteotomy. This procedure involves cutting and removing part of the bone in your toe. The surgeon will also realign the bone inside your big toe and move your toe joint back in line.
- Your surgeon may recommend arthrodesis if your big toe is severely deformed due to the bunion and it is too difficult to fix the joint. This procedure involves fusing together two bones in your big toe joint. After this procedure, you will have limited movement of your big toe and you cannot wear high heels.
- Most bunion surgeries take about one hour and are done under general anesthesia. Your surgeon should outline the procedure fully for you before you go under.
- Allow time for recovery after the surgery. Post-surgery, your foot may be swollen for up to three months. You will need to rest your foot to reduce the swelling and use crutches so your foot can heal. You may also need to wear a cast and shoes specially made to allow you to walk on your heels.[17][18]
- After your foot has healed, you can go back to wearing normal shoes. However, you should always wear properly fitted and supportive shoes to prevent your bunions from appearing again.
- To prevent bunions in the future, limit your wear of high-heeled shoes; stay active and maintain a healthy weight; eat a well-balanced diet; avoid prolonged standing; and decrease general inflammation in your body, if you have it.
EditSources and Citations
Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found
|
No comments:
Post a Comment