| How to Take a Screenshot in Mac OS X Posted: 12 Sep 2016 05:00 PM PDT If you need to snap a picture of a funny chat conversation, show an expert an error message on your system, create instructions for performing a task, or even contribute to a wikiHow article, a screenshot is the ideal way to show someone exactly what is on your computer screen. To take a screenshot in Mac OS X, you can press Command + Shift + 4 and drag a box around the screen portion you wish to capture, or press Command + Shift + 3 to capture an image of your entire screen. These are the two most basic options, but there are also a variety of other simple ways to alter the screenshot image as you take or save it based on your exact needs. EditScreenshot a Portion of Your Screen - Press Command + Shift + 4. Your cursor will turn into a small cross-hair reticle.
- Click and drag your cursor to highlight the area you'd like to take a picture of. A grayed rectangle should appear where you drag your cursor. If you need to adjust your windows at all, press Escape to return to a regular cursor without taking a picture.
- Let go of the mouse. You should hear a brief camera shutter noise if your computer's sound is turned on. That signals that your screenshot has been taken.
- Find your screenshot on your desktop. It will be saved as a .png file named "screenshot" labeled with the date and time.
- Earlier versions of OS X will save it as "Picture #"—for example, if it's the 5th screenshot on your desktop it will be labeled as "Picture 5".
- Use the screenshot. Once you have taken your screenshots, they are now ready to be used as needed. You can attach them to an email, upload them to the Web, or even drag them straight into an application such as a word processor.
EditScreenshot the Entire Screen - Make sure your screen displays exactly what you want to show in your screenshot image. Ensure all the relevant windows are visible.
- Press Command + Shift + 3. If your sound is on, your computer should make a brief camera shutter noise.
- Find your screenshot on your desktop. It will be saved as "screenshot" labeled with the date and time.
- Earlier versions of OS X will save it as "Picture #"—for example, if it's the 5th screenshot on your desktop it will be labeled "Picture 5".
EditScreenshot an Open Window - Press Command+Shift+4 then hit the Space bar. The cross-hair will turn into a small camera. You can press Spacebar again to switch back to the reticle.
- Move your cursor over the window you want to capture. The camera will highlight different windows blue as it moves over them. You can use keyboard commands such as Command+Tab to shift through your windows while still in this mode.
- Click on the window. The picture of the window you selected will be saved to the desktop by default just like the other screenshot methods.
EditSave a Screenshot to the Clipboard - Press Command + Control + Shift + 3. This method works exactly like the one above, except the screenshot does not immediately create a file. Instead, the image is saved to the clipboard, the same temporary storage area where your computer remembers the text that you have copied.
- You can also take a portion screenshot with this method using Command + Control + Shift + 4 and dragging your reticle over the appropriate part of your screen, exactly as the portion screenshot method.
- Use Command + V or Edit > Paste to paste your image. Your screenshot image can be pasted straight into any compatible application, such as a Word document, an image editing program, and many email services.
EditUse the Grab Utility Tool - Go to Applications > Utilities > Grab. This opens the Grab application. You will see the menus shown in the upper left of your screen, but no windows will open.
- Click the Capture menu and choose between the four different options.
- To take a picture of your entire screen, click on Screen (or just use the keyboard command Apple Key + Z). A window will pop up telling you where to click and letting you know that the window will not appear in the shot.
- To take a picture of a portion of your screen, click on Selection. A window will pop up instructing you to drag your mouse over the portion of your screen you'd like to capture.
- To take a picture of a specific window, select Window. Then, click on the window you'd like to take a picture of.
- When the new window opens, choose Save. You can also choose Save As to give it a different name and/or move it to a more appropriate location, but note that it can only be saved as a .tiff file. Note that the file is not automatically saved.
- Files from the screen-capture tool are saved to the desktop as PNG files by default. This is not the best method and fills your desktop if not managed. The easiest way to solve this is to make a screenshot folder, which is outlined in Altering the Default Location of the Saved Files.
- An alternative but more long-winded method of taking screenshots is available via Mac OS X Lion's Preview application. The screenshot options appear on the "File" menu and match those available via the keyboard shortcuts.
- Advanced users with knowledge of the Mac OS X Lion Terminal application can also use the "screen-capture" command to take a screenshot from the command line.
- An alternative to saving a Grab file as a TIFF formatted file is to copy it and open Preview. Then in Preview, do File - New from Clipboard, and the image will open, which can then be exported as a jpg or png file to a folder of your choice. And if you do Select All and copy the image, you may directly import it via Paste or Paste Picture with the Shift Key depressed into Microsoft Excel for example.
- It is possible to alter the shortcut used for taking screenshots by going into System Preferences, then to the Keyboard area, and clicking on the Screenshot section of Shortcuts. By clicking on the type of screenshot you want to change the shortcut for, you can press a combination of keys to create a new shortcut.
- Posting screenshots that include copyrighted information could have legal implications, so be careful that you have the right to capture any of the information visible on your screen.
- When taking screenshots to pass on to other people, or to publish on the Internet, ensure no personal or confidential information is captured within the image.
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| How to Remove Red Wine from Fabric Posted: 12 Sep 2016 09:00 AM PDT Red wine is a party and dinner staple, found at almost any special occasion or relaxing night in. Although considered one of the most loved beverages, this delicacy produces the most dreaded stain. There is much discrepancy in the realm of red wine stain removal. Some swear by certain methods while others call the same remedy a sham. This article will help to sort out your best option for stain removal. Quickly assess your household supplies and follow the instructions below, before it's too late! EditMethod 1 of 3: Removing Wet Stains - Work as quickly as possible! Run as fast as you can to whichever solution you have near by. Search the bullet points below for a product currently available to you. Further instructions for each product will be listed in the subsequent steps.
- Table Salt (Best quick option!)
- Club Soda
- Milk
- Soap and Hydrogen Peroxide
- Kitty Litter
- Hot Water
- Sprinkle a thick layer of salt over the stained area. Make sure to completely cover the stain and let sit for an hour. The salt will absorb the wine and can be easily brushed off afterwards.
- Salt is the preferred stain removal method, but works best when applied within two minutes of spillage. If the wine has not yet completely soaked into the fabric, the salt crystals should easily absorb the red wine. [1]
- As most natural fabrics, such as cotton, denim and linen, absorb faster than synthetic materials, stains on natural fabrics should be tended to with more haste than synthetic. [2]
- Pour club soda over the stain. Let the liquid bubble up. Continue pouring the soda over the stained area until the color fades away. Once the stain is removed, let the fabric dry. Use paper towels to clean up any spilt or excess club soda.
- There is much debate over the club soda remedy, some arguing tap water would work just as well. However, the general consensus believes the soda's carbonation to have stain lifting agents. [3]
- Club soda also has a lower pH than regular water. As weak acids (those with low pH values) are known to help in stain removal, this trait could be a contributing factor.
- Be advised not to use any flavored club soda when removing stains, even those clear in color. Dyes as well as sugars and additional ingredients can contribute more to the preexisting stain. [4]
- Use club soda and salt together. Quickly cover the stain with a thick layer of salt and pour the club soda on top. Let the stain sit for an hour before brushing off all salt into the garbage. Blot up any excess liquid.
- Both agents can work on their own, but using the two together may double your chances of completely clearing the stain. The salt absorbs as much wine as it can, while the club soda will lift out the stain as you blot.
- Pour milk heftily over the stain. Let it soak into the fabric, blotting the stain with a tea towel or paper towel. Do not rub, as this will settle the stain into the fabric. The stain should be gone in an hour or less. Wash as usual to remove excess liquid and odor.
- Another option is to completely soak the fabric in a bowl or bucket of milk for an hour or so, depending on the size of the stain. If the stained fabric is easily movable and the stain is rather large, this is a more thorough and efficient method.
- Milk works similarly to club soda, soaking up the stain. However, milk's thick white consistency can essentially override the red color.
- Milk is one of the least popular methods in red wine stain removal, though some still prefer it to the salt and club soda method.
- Combine soap and hydrogen peroxide. Mix equal parts into a container. Pour on, sponge over or spray the solution generously onto the stain. Blot with a paper towel.
- General opinion deems Dawn the best soap to react with hydrogen peroxide and get the job done. [5]
- If available, using a spray bottle is suggested. The resulting bubbles should help lift the stain out of the fabric, much like the carbonation in club soda.
- If your stain has only soaked through one layer of a two-sided piece of clothing, be sure to place a towel between both sides. This will prevent any leakage as you spray and blot.
- Use kitty litter. Sprinkle a 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) layer over the entire stain. Press down the kitty litter with your hands softly to absorb the wine. Once the stain is removed, vacuum the kitty litter off the fabric.
- Kitty litter contains highly absorbent chemicals that will quickly soak up liquid, much like salt, though slightly more powerful.
- Timing is especially crucial with kitty litter, as it was with salt. Work quickly — preferably within two minutes of spillage.
- Vacuuming is the easiest method of kitty litter removal as the litter can clog drains or add unwanted odors to standing trash cans.
- Use boiling water as a last resort. Once you have a heavy boil going, stretch the stained fabric over a pan in the sink. Stand on a chair and pour the boiling water onto the fabric from 3-4 feet (.9-1.2 meters) above. Pour the water generously over the stained area until it is removed. Dry the fabric of excess water with paper towels. [6]
- Though hot water sets in some stains, it has proven successful with red wine stains because of its fruit based ingredients.
- Avoid using water on wool or silk as water weakens these fabrics.[7]
EditMethod 2 of 3: Removing Dry Stains - Search your house for an appropriate stain remover. Any on the following list should work. Further instructions for each product will follow.
- Shaving Cream
- Vodka
- White Wine and Baking Soda
- Spray shaving cream onto the entire stain. Flatten the shaving cream into the fabric with the back of a spoon before washing the fabric as usual. [8]
- Shaving cream's thick, foamy texture combined with its cleansing components work wonders on tough stains — saturating and lifting the stain from the fabric. [9]
- Pour vodka over the entire stain. Blot the stain with a cloth and continue pouring. Allow the vodka to completely soak in and watch the stain fade. Wash as usual.
- Red wine contains anthocyanins, or color pigments, which can be dissolved by alcohol. Therefore vodka, gin, or any clear alcohol with a higher proof than red wine can remove the stain. [10]
- Use white wine and baking soda together. First soak the stain with white wine. Some believe white wine dilutes the color while preventing the stain from setting in (warning to follow in the bullets below).
- Make a baking soda paste using a 3-1 ratio of baking soda to water. Mix together until a paste is formed. [11]
- Spread a thick layer of baking soda paste over the stain and let sit for an hour. Periodically spray with water to keep the area moist, preventing the stain from settling into the fabric. After the stain is removed, wash as usual.
- White wine is one of the most common discrepancies in red wine stain removal. Though many swear it dilutes the stain's color, others say mixing fire with fire only aggravates the stain. Tap water can be used as a replacement if you are weary of this particular option.
EditMethod 3 of 3: Removing Stains with Cleaning Products - Use caution with powerful cleaning products. Check the label for the fabric's components, cleaning instructions and warnings.
- Silk and wool are especially fragile fabrics, weakened by water and not able to withstand chlorine bleach. Alternatively, linen and synthetic materials tend to be more durable, while cotton ranges in the middle. [12]
- If there are no warnings on the label, search online to make sure your fabric can withstand the cleaning product of your choice.
- Dry-clean only fabrics should be taken to the cleaners as soon as possible, preferably within the first or second day after spillage. Do not attempt to wash on your own.
- Choose a fabric-safe cleaning product.
- Products such as OxiClean, Resolve and Wine Away have proven most successful in removing stains with out harming fabric. [13]
- Cleaning products work almost identically to the household remedies mentioned earlier, using absorption and chemicals to lift out stains. However, cleaning products may prove more reliable as they have been specifically tested to remove stains in a efficient and consistent manner.
- Cleaning products contain bleach. Avoid using any bleach products on wool, silk, mohair, leather, and spandex. [14]
- Sponge the fabric with hot water. Blot the stain and lift out as much excess liquid as possible before applying the product to the stain.
- Blotting makes your life easier. It absorbs as much of the stain as possible. The cleaning agent is then able to save its powers for the tougher stains that have already begun to set in.
- Apply product as directed. OxiClean and Resolve can come in different forms, such as detergent, spray and liquid formulas. For the best results, follow the label's instructions.
- Wine Away is packaged in spray bottles and should be sprayed directly onto the stain. Let sit for fifteen minutes before washing as usual.
- Work as quickly as possible. The longer the stain sits, the harder it is to remove.
- Always blot, never rub. Rubbing will work the wine deeper into the fibers, making the stain more likely to set.
- Hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching agent, so you may not want to use it on colored fabrics.
- Don't apply heat (dryer, iron) to the stained area until the stain is gone.
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| How to Condition Your Body to Need Less Sleep Posted: 12 Sep 2016 01:00 AM PDT If you have a busy schedule, you might like to spend less time sleeping. While long-term sleep deprivation is a bad idea, there are steps you can take to sleep less for a short period. Take time to prepare your mind and body, gradually cut back on sleep, and return to a normal schedule if you notice any effects on your health or well being. EditPreparing Your Mind and Body - Exercise. If you expect to function without sleep you'll have to build up your body's overall strength. Exercising three or four times a week can build your overall strength and stamina, resulting in you needing less sleep.
- Focus on aerobics, like running or jogging, as well as mild weight training, such as lifting weights, doing push or sit ups, and Pilates.[1]
- Exercise in the afternoon is ideal as your overall sleep quality at night improves. This means you get higher quality sleep overall, which may lead to you needing less sleep.[2]
- Cut out certain substances. Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine all mess with your sleep schedule. If you want to function on less sleep you need to take steps to assure your sleep is high quality.
- Alcohol can help you fall asleep faster. However, once you do fall asleep the sleep you have is of a lesser quality. You'll end up needing to sleep more. Ditch alcohol, only drinking on occasion and in moderation.[3]
- Caffeine stays in the body for up to six hours after you drink it. Drinking caffeine in the late afternoon can affect your ability to sleep at night. It's best to stick to coffee in the mornings without going overboard. One or two 8 ounce cups a day should be enough.[4]
- Nicotine, in addition to leading to many health problems, is a stimulant. Smoking cigarettes throughout the day can lead to trouble sleeping at night. Not to mention tobacco weakens your body and immune system, meaning you'll need more sleep for strength. If you want to go on less sleep, take steps to quit smoking.[5]
- Develop a sleep routine. Work on improving your sleep schedule before trying to cut back on sleep. Take measures to assure you fall asleep quickly and wake up feeling refreshed.
- Go to bed and wake up at roughly the same time every night. Your body has a natural circadian rhythm that adjusts to a regular sleep/wake cycle. If you keep your bedtime and waking time the same each day, you'll feel tired naturally at night and wake up refreshed in the morning.[6]
- Avoid electronic screens in the hours leading up to bedtime. The blue light that comes from smartphones and laptops has a stimulating effect on the body that makes nodding off difficult.[7]
- Have some kind of bedtime ritual. If your body associates a certain activity with bedtime, you'll naturally feel tired in response to that activity. Pick something relaxing to do, like reading a book or doing a crossword puzzle.[8]
- Keep your bedroom environment sleep friendly. Remember, to sleep less you need to make sure your sleep is of as high quality as possible. To do so, make sure your bedroom is sleep friendly.
- Check your mattress and pillows. They should be firm and supportive and not result in you feeling sore. Pillows and bedding should be free of any allergens, that could cause irritation and keep you up at night.[9]
- Keep your room cool. The ideal sleeping temperature is between 60 and 67°F (15.5 to 19.4°C).[10]
- If you live in a noisy building or area, consider investing in a white noise machine to block out unwanted sound.[11]
EditGradually Scaling Back - Reduce the number of hours you sleep gradually. If you try to go from sleeping nine hours a night to sleeping six, it's going to backfire. Work on gradually delaying your bedtime or getting up earlier.
- For the first week, go to sleep 20 minutes later or get up 20 minutes earlier than usual. For the second week, add another 20 minutes. For the third week, move your bedtime or wake time back or forward by an hour.[12]
- Continue cutting back by 20 minute intervals each week.[13]
- Be patient. You'll likely experience fatigue for the first few weeks. It will take your body time to adjust to less sleep. If fatigue is getting to you, change your diet by adding healthier, energy-stimulating foods and exercising more to rev up the quality of your sleep.[14]
- Aim for six hours of sleep each night. Six hours of sleep a night should be your goal. You can still function relatively well, if you maintain the quality of that sleep. Anything less than this could pose major health risks.[15]
EditKnowing the Risks - Do not sleep less than five and a half hours a night. The absolute least amount you can sleep is five and a half hours a night. Sleep studies that monitored the effects of sleep deprivation on the brain report subjects who get less sleep than this report severe fatigue and reduced ability to function in day-to-day life.[16]
- Watch for ill health effects. Sleep deprivation can be dangerous. If you experience any of the following, you may want to consider returning to your regular sleep schedule:[17]
- Increased hunger
- Changes in weight
- Loss of short term memory
- Impulsive behaviors
- Poor motor skills
- Changes in skin
- Blurred vision
- Understand sleeping less is difficult to maintain long-term. While you can cut back on sleep for short periods of time, sleeping less than eight hours a night is not recommended long-term. Eventually, your functioning will slip and you'll need to catch up on sleep.
- How much sleep you need varies based on lifestyle. However, most people need at least eight hours of sleep a night. Regularly getting less than this is bad for your concentration.[18]
- If you continuously run on six hours a night, you'll create what's called a sleep debt. Your body will crave more sleep than you're providing. Eventually, you'll end up crashing. If you're trying to run on little sleep, make sure to only do so for a few weeks at a time before returning to eight hours a night.[19]
- Do not attempt to operate a motor vehicle while running on less sleep. Falling asleep at the wheel can lead to potentially fatal car accidents.
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