Wednesday, May 22, 2019

How to of the Day

How to of the Day


How to Unclog a Sink

Posted: 22 May 2019 05:00 PM PDT

A clogged sink can be a major inconvenience, but before you call a plumber, consider unclogging your sink at home. Manual removal works well if you have large clumps of debris jamming up your pipes, but you can also create natural drain cleaners or use chemical cleaners to help rid your sink pipes of unwanted material. Here are the most common methods you should consider trying the next time your sink gets plugged.

EditSteps

EditManual Removal

  1. Clear out the blockage with a bent wire hanger.[1] If you suspect that your sink is clogged with hair or other solid masses, you might be able to fish it out with an old, bent wire hanger.
    Unclog a Sink Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • Straighten out a wire clothes hanger as much as possible. Bend one end slightly to create a small hook capable of fitting into your sink drain.
    • Slide the wire hanger down, hook-side first, into the drain. Try to keep the wire pressed to the side of the drain rather than pushing it down the center of the pipe. Doing so will minimize the risk of pushing the blockage further down.
    • Once you feel resistance, twist and maneuver the hanger in an attempt to hook the blockage. Pull the wire back up to remove as much of the blockage as possible.
    • Run hot tap water from your sink and into the drain for a couple of minutes. Make the water as hot and rapid as possible, but if the sink starts to back up, turn the water off.
  2. Use a plunger to loosen the clog.[2] Use a standard plunger to vigorously suction the blockage out.
    Unclog a Sink Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • If you are working with a sink that has two sink drains, hold a wet cloth tightly over one drain to seal it off.
    • Place a plunger over the other drain, holding it fairly upright.
    • Fill the other side of the sink with 3 to 4 inches (7.5 to 10 cm) of water. Doing so helps the plunger seal around the drain.
    • Roll the head of the plunger into the water, forcing water into the drain. Pump the plunger up and down for a solid 20 seconds using a vigorous, rapid motion, but do not break the seal between the plunger and the drain.
    • Pop the plunger off the drain on your last vertical upstroke.
    • You may need to plunge the sink for several minutes in order to loosen the blockage.
  3. Clean the P-trap. The P-trap often catches debris and other blockages before they make it further into your pipes. This portion of your piping is located directly under your sink and can be removed and cleaned out manually.
    Unclog a Sink Step 3.jpg
    • Place a large bucket below the trap. This will catch any water or debris that falls from the pipe once you remove the trap.
    • Use slip joint pliers to loosen the slip nuts on the trap and unscrew the nuts by hand. Slide the nuts away from the connections and carefully slip off the trap.
    • Use a small wire brush to scrap out any debris from the trap, emptying it into the bucket below. Also clean the trap out by scrubbing with the same wire brush.
    • Carefully rinse the trap with hot water. You may want to use another sink, since you just removed a portion of the drain pipe for the sink you are currently working on.
    • Reattach the trap to the rest of the piping. If any slip nut washers show notable signs of wear, replace them.
  4. Snake the line. If the blockage lies deeper in the sink line, you may need to use a snake to clean it out.
    Unclog a Sink Step 4.jpg
    • Remove the P-trap and any pipes that connect to the drain stub-out at the wall.
    • Pull out 6 to 10 inches (15 to 25 cm) of snake cable.
    • Thread the tip of the snake into the drain stub-out. Tighten the setscrew.
    • Turn the crank clockwise to feed it into the pipe. Any initial resistance you feel is likely caused by turns and corners the snake must make.
    • Once you hit a blockage, continue cranking until you feel the tip of the snake cable break through to the other side. The tension in the cable will be reduced dramatically after it breaks through.
    • Turn the crank counter-clockwise to pull the cable out. Clean the cable as you remove it.
    • Repeat as needed until you no longer feel any blockage and restore your piping to its usual state.

EditNatural Aides

  1. Flush the sink with boiling water. Boil at least 4 cups (1 L) of water in a kettle. After the water boils, pour it down the drain in two to three stages, pausing for several seconds in between each stage. Repeat if needed.
    Unclog a Sink Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • If possible, flush the sink out with at least 4 cups (1 L) of water. Use more if your kettle will hold it.
    • If you do not have a kettle, you can boil the water in a saucepan or electric hot pot.
    • You could also use the microwave to boil water, but microwave the water only in 20 to 40 second intervals and keep a wooden chopstick in the water as it microwaves. Otherwise, the water could super-heat and present a danger.
    • Pour the boiling water directly down the drain, rather than pouring it into the sink first and letting it gradually flow to the drain.
    • Note that this works best on minor clogs and may not prove as effective against heavy clogs. The water must also be boiling as you pour it since the vibration of the water is part of the reason why the remedy is effective at all.
  2. Dissolve the clog with baking soda and vinegar.[3][4] The baking soda and vinegar solution is highly effective because the fizzy reaction created between the two cleaning products is vigorous and abrasive enough to loosen many stubborn clogs.
    Unclog a Sink Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • Pour 1/2 cup (125 ml) baking soda down the sink drain.
    • Follow the baking soda with 1/2 cup (125 ml) white distilled vinegar.
    • Quickly cover the drain opening with a drain stopper. Doing so forces the fizzy reaction down through the pipes, where the blockage is, rather than up and out.
    • As soon as the fizzing stops, pour another 1/2 cup (125 ml) white distilled vinegar down the drain. Cover again and let sit for 15 to 30 minutes.
    • Boil 1 gallon (4 L) of water in a kettle or saucepan. Pour the boiling water into the sink to flush out any remaining vinegar and baking soda.
  3. Pour salt and baking soda into the drain. When combined, salt, baking soda, and water also create a chemical reaction capable of loosening most blockages.
    Unclog a Sink Step 7 Version 2.jpg
    • Combine 1/2 cup (125 ml) table salt and 1/2 cup (125 ml) baking soda.
    • Carefully pour or spoon the combination down the sink drain. Get as much into the drain as possible, and avoid getting too much excess on the basin of the sink. The reaction will only be effective against the blockage if it comes into direct contact with it.
    • Let the baking soda and salt sit for 10 to 20 minutes.
    • Boil 1 to 4 quarts (1 to 4 L) of water in a kettle or saucepan. Carefully pour the boiling water into the drain.
    • Plug up the sink drain as quickly as possible after adding the water to force the reaction down into the pipes rather than up and out.
    • The chemical reaction produced should be enough to clear most moderately clogged sinks.

EditHeavy-Duty Chemical Help

  1. Pour caustic soda down the drain. Caustic soda, or sodium hydroxide, is an extremely strong chemical that will dissolve most blockages clogging up your sink.
    Unclog a Sink Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • Caustic soda can be purchased at most hardware stores.
    • Dilute 3 cups (750 ml) of caustic soda with 3/4 gallon (3 L) of cold water in a large mop bucket. Mix the chemical and the water together with a wooden spoon.
    • Do not use any container or utensil you plan to use for food later on.
    • Do not stir the water and caustic soda together with your hands.
    • The water and caustic soda should begin to "fizz" and heat up as you mix the two together.
    • Carefully pour the solution directly into the clogged sink drain. Let sit for 20 to 30 minutes without touching it.
    • Boil 1 gallon (4 L) of water on the stove and use it to flush the drain.
    • Repeat the procedure if necessary.
  2. Try bleach. If you are connected to a public sewer system and not to a well or septic tank, you can use bleach to both clean and deodorize a clogged sink.
    Unclog a Sink Step 9 Version 2.jpg
    • Pour 1 cup (250 ml) of undiluted bleach directly down the sink drain. Let sit for 5 to 10 minutes.
    • Turn your sink on and let water rush into the drain. Make sure that the water is as hot as possible and as strong or rapid as possible. Let it run up to 5 minutes.
    • If your sink begins to back up and fill with water, turn the water off and let it drain before attempting to unclog the sink again.
    • Do not use bleach if you use a septic tank. Bleach kills bacteria living in the tank, but the bacteria it kills eats solid waste, thereby preventing the lines from clogging.
  3. Use drain cleaner.[5] Commercial drain cleaners can be purchased at most grocery stores, and there are caustic, acid, and enzymatic cleaners available.
    Unclog a Sink Step 10.jpg
    • Read the label carefully to determine which cleaner is right for your particular type of blockage. For instance, some cleaners might work better in bathroom sinks, while others might work better for kitchen sinks.
    • Follow the instructions on the label carefully when you use it.
    • Caustic drain cleaners rely on chemical reactions caused by hydroxide ions.
    • Acid drain cleaners use a chemical reaction between hydrogen ions and the material clogging the sink. Acid cleaners tend to be harsher than caustic drain cleaners.
    • Enzymatic cleaners are the least potent and rely on bacterial enzymes to eat away organic blockages.

EditTips

  • Deodorize the sink with a lemon juice rinse.[6] Lemon juice is not quite acidic enough to unclog a sink, but it does serve as a powerful deodorizer. After you remove the blockage from your sink, you may notice a pungent odor that refuses to go away. Pouring 1 cup (250 ml) of lemon juice into the drain should be enough to neutralize the odor.

EditWarnings

  • Add the caustic soda to the water, never the other way around! If water is added to caustic soda, an exothermic reaction will cause the solution to possibly boil and splash on you, causing serious chemical and thermal burns. Great caution is advised.
  • Wear rubber gloves and eye goggles when using heavy-duty chemicals, especially caustic soda and drain cleaner. If any of these chemicals splash onto your skin, wash it off immediately with soap and water. If your skin still tingles or burns after cleaning it, immediately seek medical help.
  • If you receive serious injuries while doing this, seek immediately emergency medical help.

EditThings You'll Need

  • Wire clothing hanger
  • Rag
  • Plunger
  • Large bucket
  • Slip joint pliers
  • Small wire brush
  • Snake
  • Kettle or saucepan
  • Water
  • Baking soda
  • Vinegar
  • Salt
  • Caustic soda
  • Wooden spoon
  • Bleach
  • Commercial drain cleaner
  • Rubber gloves
  • Safety goggles

EditRelated wikiHows

EditReferences

EditQuick Summary


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How to Bake a Potato in the Microwave

Posted: 22 May 2019 09:00 AM PDT

A baked potato is a cheap and tasty treat that will brighten up just about any meal. Though normally prepared in an oven, you can also bake a potato using a microwave, creating the same great dish in a fraction of the time.

EditSteps

  1. Choose the right type of potato. Russet potatoes - also known as Idaho or baking potatoes - are the best potatoes for baking in the microwave. This is due to their high starch content, which yields extra fluffy baked potatoes. If you don't have Russets, the next best thing are yellow-fleshed potatoes - such as Yukon Gold - which are moderately starchy and yield a creamy, slightly dense baked potato.[1]

  2. Wash the potato. It is important to give your potato a good wash before microwaving, especially if you're planning on eating the skin. Be sure to remove any stubborn dirt. If you have one, a bristled scrubbing brush is great for cleaning potatoes. After washing, pat the potato dry with a clean paper towel[2].

  3. Season the potato. Rub a little olive oil into the skin of the potato, then sprinkle with salt and pepper. This gives the potato a little extra flavor and will help to crisp up the skin.

  4. Prick the potato with a fork. This allows steam to escape and prevents the potato from exploding in the microwave. You should aim to prick the potato three or four times on each area: top, bottom, and two sides.[3] Alternatively, you can cut a deep "X" onto the top of the potato, using a knife.

  5. Place the potato on a microwavable plate. If you want, you can wrap the potato in some wet paper towel first. This will help to keep the potato moist and prevent it from shrinking, but it will also result in softer skin.

  6. Put the plate in the microwave and choose a cooking time. Cooking times will vary depending on the size of the potato and the power of the microwave. Most medium to large potatoes will take between 8-12 minutes to cook at full power.[4]

    • Try putting the potato in for 5 minutes to begin with, then take it out and turn it over so that both sides cook evenly. Place it back in the microwave for another 3-5 minutes, depending on how soft it is already. After that, if it still doesn't feel fully cooked, continue to microwave it in 1 minute bursts, checking after each minute.[5]
    • If you are cooking multiple potatoes at once, you will need to increase the cooking time by about two-thirds[6]. For example, if one large potato takes 10 minutes to cook, two large potatoes would take between 16-17 minutes.
    • If you prefer crispy skinned potatoes, you can cook the potatoes in the microwave for 5-6 minutes, then transfer to a baking sheet and bake in an oven[7] preheated to for 20 minutes. This method is great if you want oven-crisp potato skins, in less than half the normal cooking time![5]
  7. Check if the potato is cooked. You can check if a potato is cooked by sticking a fork in the center; if the fork goes in easily, but the center is still a little firm, the potato is ready. When in doubt, it is best to err on the side of undercooking, as an overcooked potato may burn or explode in the microwave.

  8. Let the potato rest for five minutes. This allows the core of the potato to finish cooking using the heat that is trapped in the inner layers. It also helps it to become fluffy on the inside without over-drying on the outside. Wrapping it in aluminum foil after taking it out of the microwave will speed up this process. Just be careful when touching the potato - it will be extremely hot!

    • If you are saving a potato for someone who's running late, wrapping the potato in aluminum foil will keep it warm for a remarkably long time. Just be sure to do this as soon as it comes out of the microwave, to conserve as much heat as possible.
  9. Serve the potato. Cut the potato open and garnish it with your favorite toppings. Keep it simple with butter, salt and a little grated cheese, or jazz it up with some sour cream, green onions or chives and some crispy bacon. For a more complete meal, top the potato with a generous helping of chili con carne or some fluffy scrambled eggs.

EditVideo

EditTips

  • Try using parchment paper to wrap the potato, which can be saved and re-used.
  • Some microwaves have a "baked potato" button; use that when in doubt.
  • If you are in a rush, you can cut open the potato immediately after the microwave stops, add your toppings (or not), and then do the final cooking in the microwave by microwaving another 30 to 60 seconds.
  • Using a rotating carousel for microwaving is the best way to get the potato evenly cooked all around. If you don't have a rotating carousel, pause your microwave twice during the microwaving time, and manually turn the potato a half turn each time. To decide when to turn the potato, divide the cooking time into 3 fairly equal units.
  • Lengthen the time when using microwaves with less power. An 800 Watt microwave requires 1.5 times the microwaving time.
  • You can "boil" potatoes for mashing more or less the same way. Use thin-skinned potatoes and be extra careful not to dry them out. Plastic wrap or simply cooking several in a plastic bag helps.
  • Wrap the potato in plastic wrap. This way they don't dry out.
  • Before cutting your fully cooked potato open...make a fist and punch down on it. Turn it sideways and punch down again. Make a small slit in the top. Grab both ends of the potato with your fingers (slit side up) and push down and in. Pushing the ..now softened potato up and out of slit.
  • Make a hole on the potato with a toothpick to know if it's ready to eat.
  • Try plain brown paper if you don't have parchment paper.
  • Try bacon grease as the coating for the potatoes. The bacon grease will keep the potato skins soft and give it a different flavor.

EditWarnings

  • The plate will be rather hot from the microwave, so use a towel or oven mitt to take it out.
  • Do not wrap the potato in metal foil while it is inside the microwave; this could cause sparking that damages the interior surface of your microwave.

EditRelated wikiHows

EditReferences

EditQuick Summary


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How to Take Better Notes

Posted: 22 May 2019 01:00 AM PDT

Whether you want to succeed in school or you want to be on top of your professional career, effective note-taking is a valuable skill for retaining and recalling information. If you follow these simple steps and tips, you will not only learn how to take notes; you'll learn how to take notes more effectively which will help you apply knowledge and retain material.

EditSteps

EditBeing Prepared

  1. Gather your note-taking materials. It may sound pretty basic, but it's important to have all of your note-taking materials organized and ready to go before the start of any class, meeting or lecture.
    Take Better Notes Step 1.jpg
    • If you're writing with paper and pens, make sure you have a notebook with plenty of blank pages and extra writing utensils. If you're using a laptop, make sure it's fully charged or that you can sit near a power outlet.
    • If you wear glasses, make sure you have them with you in case the teacher/lecturer writes down any important information on a black or whiteboard. If you bring your glasses, make sure to bring a small microfiber cloth so that you are able to clean them should the need arise. Also, remember to position yourself in an area of the room where you can effectively see and hear the speaker.
  2. Come prepared. Before you come to a class, lecture, or meeting, make sure to review your notes from the last time round. This will bring you fully up to speed and ready to pick up where you left off.
    Take Better Notes Step 2.jpg
    • If you were advised to do any background reading to prepare for the class, make sure that you read and annotated the assignment. This will help you to understand any themes, concepts or ideas that the teacher/lecturer is likely to present in class. A good idea would be to outline the section, article, or chapter before hand. Write your outline on one side of the paper so that you can add your class notes to the other side.[1]
    • Remember the old adage "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail".
  3. Be an active listener. When note-taking, many people make the mistake of mindlessly taking down every word, without really comprehending what is being said. Instead, make an effort to understand the topic while you're in class. Focus on what's really being said, then ask questions if you don't understand.
    Take Better Notes Step 3.jpg
    • Determine the best time to ask questions, then raise your hand to get the instructor's attention. They'll appreciate that you're listening attentively and want to understand.
    • Do your best to understand the information during class so you won't have to work so hard during the review.
  4. Take notes by hand. Although taking notes on your laptop is convenient, research shows note takers actually retain information better when they take notes by hand. This may be because people typing on a laptop tend to transcribe every word without understanding the meaning, while people writing by hand are forced to pick out relevant information in order to keep up.[2]
    Take Better Notes Step 4.jpg
    • If you do take notes by laptop, don't try to get down every word. Make sure you're understanding the meaning of what's being said.
  5. Don't be afraid to ask questions. When you come across something you don't understand, don't just jot it down and tell yourself that you'll worry about it later -- ask the teacher/lecturer for clarification.
    Take Better Notes Step 5.jpg
    • Think about it -- if you find something confusing now, you'll find it twice as confusing during your note-review later.
    • Don't be afraid to ask the teacher/lecturer to repeat themselves either -- particularly if you feel that they've said something important.

EditMaking the Best Notes Possible

  1. Focus on key words and concepts. The most important change you can make to improve your note-taking skills is to focus solely on taking down key words and concepts.
    Take Better Notes Step 6.jpg
    • Identify the most relevant information. Write down individual words or key phrases that are most relevant to the topic at hand -- things like dates, names, theories, definitions -- only the most important details should make the cut. Eliminate all the filler words and secondary details -- if you wanted those things you could read a textbook.
    • Think about what you want to retain. Why are you taking the class? Why are you attending the seminar? Why did your employer send you to the conference? While it may be your first instinct to try to write down what you hear or see verbatim, you have to remember that you are taking notes in order to learn something from them -- you're not writing a novella.
    • Prioritize any "new" information. Don't waste time writing down information that you already know -- this is useless to you and just wastes time. Focus on writing down any new information that you've never learned before -- this will give you the most value from your note-taking.
  2. Use the "question, answer, evidence" method. This is a very effective method of taking notes, as it forces you to engage with the material as you write and allows you to describe the topic in your own words. This technique of paraphrasing information has been proven to help students understand and retain material much more effectively.[3]
    Take Better Notes Step 7.jpg
    • Instead of copying down line after line of information, listen carefully to what the speaker is saying and make an effort to understand the material. Once you've done that, formulate your notes as a series of questions raised by the material, then fill in your own answers.
    • For example, if the question was "what is the central theme of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?", the answer could be "more than a tragic love story, Romeo and Juliet is about the consequences of holding grudges".
    • Then underneath this answer, you can provide evidence for your conclusion by pointing to specific examples from within the text. This strategy allows you to record all of the relevant information, in a concise, easy-to-read format.
  3. Use shorthand. The average student writes 1/3 word per second, while the average speaker speaks at a rate of 2/3 words per second. Therefore, developing your own system of shorthand writing can help you to write more efficiently and avoid falling behind.
    Take Better Notes Step 8.jpg
    • Try writing things like "wd" for would, "cd" for could and "w/" for with. Write a plus sign for the word "and". Also try to abbreviate long words that appear again and again throughout the class or lecture -- for example, instead of writing "popular sovereignty" 25 times over the course of a history class, write "pop sov".
    • Of course, it's essential that you're able to decipher your own shorthand later on -- if you think you might have difficulty, try writing out a key on the inside cover of your copy.You could also go back and fill in the full-length version of the words after class.
    • If the speaker is still going too fast for you despite your shorthand, consider bringing a recording device to your next class -- this will allow you to listen a second time and fill in any gaps in your notes.
  4. Make your notes visually appealing. You will be reluctant to go back and study your notes if they are messy, disorganized and difficult to read, so it's important that they look nice! Here are some tips on how to create more visually appealing notes:
    Take Better Notes Step 9.jpg
    • Always start on a fresh page. You'll find your notes much easier to read if you start on a fresh, blank page for each new class or topic. Put the date in the top right-hand corner and only write on one side of each page, especially if you're writing with very inky pens.
    • Make sure your writing is legible. Taking notes will be a complete waste of time if you can't read them afterwards! No matter how fast you write, make sure your writing is small, neat and legible, and avoid using cursive handwriting if possible.
    • Use wide margins. Line each page with a pen and ruler, giving yourself a wide margin on the left-hand side. This will prevent the page from becoming too overcrowded and will leave you space to write in any additional information once you review your notes.
    • Use symbols and diagrams. Things like arrows, dots and boxes, diagrams, charts, and other visual aids are often great ways to associate and remember key concepts, especially if you're a visual learner.
  5. Color-code your notes. Many people find that adding a splash of color to their notes helps to make the information more readable and easier to retain.
    Take Better Notes Step 10 Version 2.jpg
    • This is due to the fact that color stimulates the creative side of your brain, making your notes more interesting and therefore easier to retain. Color-coding helps you to link color with memory, allowing you to remember the contents of your notes with relatively little effort.[4]
    • Try using different colored pens for different parts of your notes -- for example, you could write questions in red, definitions in blue and conclusions in green.
    • You could also use a highlighter pen to highlight key words, dates, and definitions. Don't go overboard though -- you shouldn't mistake highlighting your notes for actual study.
  6. Take notes from your textbook. After a class or lecture, you may want to supplement your notes with information from a textbook. Taking notes from a textbook is another skill worth mastering.
    Take Better Notes Step 11 Version 2.jpg
    • Preview the material: Before you jump straight into reading a text, preview the material to get a sense of what it's about. Read any introductions and conclusions, headers and sub-headers, and the first and last line of every paragraph. Also glance over any charts, illustrations or diagrams.
    • Actively read the text: Now go back to the beginning of the text and read it thoroughly from start to finish. Once you have finished a paragraph, go back and highlight any key words, facts, concepts or important quotes. Look for visual cues in the textbook itself -- things like bold or italicized words and the use of color or bullet points are often used to highlight significant points.
    • Take notes: Once you've thoroughly read the text, go back and make notes from the information you highlighted. Try not to copy full sentences from the text -- this simply wastes time -- and paraphrase using your own words where possible.

EditReviewing Your Notes

  1. Review your notes later in the day. Reviewing your notes after class, or later the same day will help you to retain the information much more effectively. You don't need to study them intensely -- just spend 15 to 20 minutes going back over them each night.
    Take Better Notes Step 12 Version 2.jpg
    • Fill in any blanks. Use your review time to fill in any additional information that you remember from the class or lecture.
    • Write a summary. Another effective tool for committing your notes to memory is to summarize the information contained in your notes at the bottom of the page.
  2. Test yourself. Test yourself on your understanding of the material by covering up your notes and trying to explain the topic to yourself -- out loud or in your head.
    Take Better Notes Step 13 Version 2.jpg
    • See how many of the important details you can remember, then read the notes again to recap on any information you might have missed.
    • Explain the material to a friend. Teaching or explaining the material to a friend is a good way to test whether you've fully understood the topic and whether your notes deal with the topic comprehensively.
  3. Memorize your notes. You'll really see the benefit of having good notes when it comes to exam time and you have to memorize all of the material. If you have been consistently reviewing your notes for 20 to 30 minutes each night, you'll find the memorization process much easier. Here are some popular memorization techniques you can try:
    Take Better Notes Step 14 Version 2.jpg
    • Line-by-line method: If you have to memorize a chunk of text, one good technique is to read the first line a couple of times, then try to repeat it out loud without looking at the page. Read the second line a couple of times, then try to repeat the first and second line out loud, without looking at the page. Keep going in this fashion until you can repeat the entire chunk of text without looking at the page.
    • Story method: This method involves turning the information you have to memorize into a simple story that's easy to remember. For example, if you wanted to remember the first three elements in Group one of the periodic table (hydrogen, helium, and lithium) you could use the following story "(H)arriet and (He)nry went to the (Li)brary". The story doesn't need to make sense -- in fact, the sillier it is, the better.
    • Mnemonic devices: Using mnemonic devices is a good way to remember lists of words in a particular order. To make a mnemonic, simply take the first letter of each word you wish to remember and come up with a short sentence where each word starts with those letters. For example, to remember the lines on a musical staff EGBDF you could use the mnemonic "Every Good Boy Does Fine".[5]
    • For more detailed instructions on popular and effective memorization techniques, see this article.

EditVideo

EditTips

  • If the speaker repeats something more than twice, then it's probably important and worth paying attention to.
  • Label your notes in either bullets or numbers. Create a title for your notes so you know where it is kept and it is well organized for whenever you need to study them for an upcoming test.
  • Be sure to have several pencils and/or pens, in case the pencil breaks or becomes too short, or the pen clogs or dries up.
  • If you are reading a book for an English literature class, make sure you have a pack of Post-It notes at hand, since you may not be allowed to write in the actual book.
  • Listen accurately your teacher and use colourful highlighters to make them more organized.
  • When you take notes, underline keywords that might appear on your test.
  • If you have an open-note test, use your notes wisely. Try not to use them unless you really need them.
  • Write down what the speaker is saying but with different wording, it helps get the actual idea into your mind.
  • Use colorful pens to have organized and clean notes. Try to incorporate different colors, not just one color.
  • After reviewing your notes, find quizzes online or have someone at home write questions about the topic. If you can't answer questions about the subject with your notes, you might need to write better notes next time.
  • Although computers make it easier to take notes, try to write down your notes. Studies have proved that hand-writing notes helps in effective recollection (not to mention, it improves your writing speed too).
  • Make sure to have a separate notebook or page for each of your subjects, and remember to label.
  • Keep your subjects separate. Having lots of stuff in one binder/folder/notebook is messy and confusing.
  • Remember, notes are for making your textbook easier to read so you don't have to read the whole textbook. Don't write every sentence word-to-word otherwise you won't learn anything.
  • Make two to three-page notes in one day or as per the requirement―add these into your main file.
  • Type your notes during class. Then at home write them.
  • Use software, such as Evernote or Microsoft Office OneNote, to arrange notes.
  • You can even record your classroom lectures using various apps, if your school/college allows it.
  • If the school allows it, different brightly-colored highlighters can be used. That way, when you see the colors, you will want to take a look at it. However, do not highlight everything!

EditWarnings

  • Ask your teacher/ professor before you use a recording device.
  • Have a separate sheet or bring sticky notes for asides, and (optionally) number what you wrote down on both sheets, marking what corresponds to what.
  • Don't be distracted by people who are not the speaker.

EditThings You'll Need

  • At least two pens or pencils
  • An eraser, for pencils that do not have erasers attached.
  • Glasses or other aids
  • Plenty of paper
  • Highlighters (at least two colors) or colored pens
  • At least one pack of different colored sticky notes.
  • A binder or folder to organize your notes (keep it neat).

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