Tuesday, January 8, 2019

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How to Knit Socks

Posted: 08 Jan 2019 04:00 PM PST

Knitting socks can be intimidating, but it doesn't have to be! You can knit socks on a loom even if you have never knit before. If you are a little more experienced, then you can try knitting socks on a pair of straight needles. Or, if you have even more experience and want to create socks in the round, then use a pair of circular knitting needles!

EditSteps

EditMaking Knit Socks on a Loom

  1. Attach a slipknot to the anchor peg on your loom. This is the small peg on the side of your loom. Loop the yarn around your index and middle finger 2 times to form a slipknot. Then, pull the first loop over the second loop and tug the tail of the yarn to tighten it. Place this loop onto the anchor peg.[1]
    Knit Socks Step 1 Version 3.jpg
    • Do this 1 time to begin the sock.
    • Choose a chunky or super bulky weight yarn for knitting on a loom.
  2. Wrap the yarn around each peg in the loom 1 time and repeat. Next, begin your cast on rows by wrapping the yarn around each 1 of the pegs 1 time. Wrap in the shape of a lowercase letter "e." Go around each peg from inside the loom first, then around the peg towards the outside of the loom, back into the center, and towards the next peg.[2]
    Knit Socks Step 2 Version 3.jpg
    • Repeat this for each peg on the loom.
  3. Wrap the yarn around each peg a second time and repeat. Repeat the exact same wrapping process a second time. These 2 rows will be your cast on rows.[3]
    Knit Socks Step 3 Version 3.jpg
  4. Lift the bottom yarn loop up and over the top loop and repeat. Insert the end of the hook into the bottom loop on the first peg in your loom (next to the anchor peg) and lift this yarn up and over the top loop and off the peg. This will leave 1 loop on the peg.[4]
    Knit Socks Step 4 Version 3.jpg
    • Repeat this for every peg in the round.
  5. Wrap the yarn around each peg 1 time and lift each loop up and over and repeat. Repeat the wrapping process again for each peg on the loom. Then, lift the bottom loop up and over the top loop on each peg.
    Knit Socks Step 5 Version 3.jpg
    • Repeat for a total of 10 rows.[5]
  6. Place the stitches from the first row onto the pegs. To create a cuff for the sock, bring the bottom edge of the knit piece up through the center of the loom. Then, use your fingers and the loom hook to open up a stitch from the first round and place it onto a peg. Continue placing 1 stitch onto each of the pegs until you have a total of 2 stitches on each peg.[6]
    Knit Socks Step 6 Version 3.jpg
    • Make sure that the stitches you are putting onto the pegs are the same ones that you knit with those pegs. Check the rows to ensure that they are even.
  7. Lift the bottom loop over the top loop and repeat. Use the hook to lift the bottom loop on the first peg up and over the top loop. Repeat this for the whole round. This will secure the cuff of the sock.[7]
    Knit Socks Step 7 Version 3.jpg
  8. Loop the yarn around each of the pegs 1 time and repeat. Then, lift the bottom loops over the new loops you have created. Knit the rounds by wrapping the yarn around each peg 1 time and then lifting it up and over the top of the peg.[8]
    Knit Socks Step 8 Version 3.jpg
    • Repeat this for 5 rows.
  9. Knit pegs 1 through 12 for the heel flap. Wrap the yarn around pegs 1 through 12, but do not go beyond peg 12. Then, lift the bottom loop of the yarn up and over the top of each peg to knit.[9]
    Knit Socks Step 9 Version 3.jpg
    • Repeat this for 4 rows.[10]
  10. Decrease and repeat for the next 6 rows. To decrease on the loom, start each row by lifting 1 loop off the first peg and placing it onto the peg next to it. Then, wrap the yarn around pegs 2 through 12 and knit them as usual. Knit the 2 loops on the second peg at the same time.[11]
    Knit Socks Step 10 Version 2.jpg
    • Repeat this for the next 5 rows for a total of 6 decrease rows.
    • When you are finished, look for 3 empty pegs on either side of the remaining heel stitches (pegs 4 through 9).
  11. Pick up the stitches from the sides of the heel. Place 1 of each of these stitches onto an empty peg. Use your hook to lift up the stitches that you have taken off of the pegs and put them back onto the empty pegs.[12]
    Knit Socks Step 11 Version 3.jpg
    • For example, place 1 stitch onto pegs 1 through 3 and 10 through 12. Then, place 2 stitches on pegs 4, 9, 13, and 24.[13]
  12. Knit and repeat until the foot portion of the sock is the desired length. Once all of the stitches are back on the loom, wrap the yarn around each of the pegs in the loom. Lift the bottom loop (or the 2 bottom loops if there are 2) up and over the top loop to knit.[14]
    Knit Socks Step 12 Version 3.jpg
    • Continue to knit until the sock is the desired length. You can measure the length against an existing sock, or put your foot through the loom to check the length.
  13. Wrap the yarn around the loom 1.5 times and cut it. Wrap the yarn around the outside of the loom 1.5 times. Cut the yarn at the end of this length.[15]
    Knit Socks Step 13 Version 3.jpg
  14. Thread a yarn needle, sew through a loop, and repeat. Insert the end of the yarn through the eye of a yarn needle. Then, begin sewing through each of the loops on the loom. Insert the end of the needle through a loop on the loom. Go into the loop from the bottom of the loom so that the needle is right up against the peg. Push the needle all the way through the loop and pull until the thread is taut. This will lift the loop up and off the peg.[16]
    Knit Socks Step 14 Version 3.jpg
    • Repeat until all of the loops are on the strand of yarn and off the loom.
  15. Invert the sock and sew up the toe. Turn the sock inside out so that you can sew up the toe from the inside. This will hide the seam. Hold the edges of the sock together and insert the needle through 2 stitches at a time. Pull the thread taut after each stitch.[17]
    Knit Socks Step 15.jpg
    • Repeat until the sock is completely sewn up and then tie off the last stitch and cut the excess yarn.
    • Make your second sock in the same way.

EditUsing 2 Straight Knitting Needles

  1. Make a slipknot to start the cast on row. Loop the yarn around your index and middle finger twice. Pull the first loop through the second loop. Then, tug on the tail of the yarn to tighten the base of the slipknot. Slide the loop off your fingers and onto 2 knitting needles held together. Tug the tail again to tighten the slipknot around them.[18]
    Knit Socks Step 16.jpg
    • The slipknot counts as your first cast on stitch.
    • Make sure to use a medium-weight yarn for knitting on 2 needles.
  2. Cast on 36 stitches while holding 2 needles together. This will result in looser cast on stitches and help to ensure that the socks will be large enough to fit over your feet. Form a loop of yarn with your fingers, pinch and twist it 1 time at the base, and then slide it onto the 2 knitting needles.[19]
    Knit Socks Step 17.jpg
    • Repeat until you have a total of 36 cast on stitches.
  3. Work in the rib stitch for . Knit 1 and then purl 1 stitch going all the way across the row to work in the rib stitch.[20] Then, reverse the pattern going back across the row.[21]
    Knit Socks Step 18.jpg
    • The rib stitch will make the top of your sock stretchy, which will help to keep it in place.
  4. Knit until the sock is the desired length. You can make the sock as long or as short as you like. Measure it against your foot or against an existing sock to determine when the sock is long enough.[22]
    Knit Socks Step 19.jpg
    • For example, you could make an ankle sock, a mid-calf sock, or a knee-length sock.
  5. Bind off the last row. When you have finished your sock, knit 2 stitches to start casting off. Then, lift the first stitch up and over the second stitch. Knit 1 again and lift up and over again. Continue to knit 1 and lift 1 up and over the new stitch.[23]
    Knit Socks Step 20.jpg
    • Repeat this to the end of the row.
  6. Sew up the seam to close the toe and side of the sock. To complete your sock, leave a tail that is about after you finish binding off. Then, thread this yarn through a yarn needle. Fold the rectangular piece in half lengthwise and begin sewing from the corner of the toe. Sew all the way cross the toe, and then down the length of the side of the sock. Tie off the end of the yarn and cut the excess to secure your sock.[24]
    Knit Socks Step 21.jpg
    • Do not sew across the sock opening!

EditKnitting With Circular Needles

  1. Use a pair of US size 1 (2.25 mm) cable needles to cast on 64 stitches.[25] Make a slipknot and place it onto the right-hand needle for your first cast on stitch. Loop your working yarn over your left-hand needle. Then, insert your right-hand needle into the loop. Yarn over again and pull the yarn through the loop.[26]
    Knit Socks Step 22.jpg
    • Repeat until you have 64 total stitches.
    • This is the ideal number of stitches for a medium-sized pair of socks for an adult, but you can cast on 8 more for larger socks or 8 less for smaller socks.[27]
    • Opt for a fingering or sock weight yarn to make socks on US size 1 (2.25 mm) circular needles.
  2. Work in the rib stitch for to create the cuff. The rib stitch will make the top of the sock a bit stretchy. Alternate between knitting 1 and purling 1 for the whole round to work in the rib stitch.[28]
    Knit Socks Step 23.jpg
    • Repeat this for each round until the cuff measures .
  3. Knit for . After you finish knitting the cuff, begin working the leg and ankle portion of the sock. Knit all of the rounds until the body of the sock measures .[29]
    Knit Socks Step 24.jpg
    • You may use a different stitch if desired, but the knit stitch is the easiest option.
  4. Shape the heel of the sock by working short rows. Work back and forth across a small portion of the sock to shape the heel. Follow this sequence for working the heel of your sock:
    Knit Socks Step 25.jpg
    • Place a stitch marker at the beginning of the round.
    • Knit the next 3 stitches.
    • Purl the next 29 stitches.[30]
    • Place another stitch marker after the 29th purl stitch.
    • Repeat the knit 3 and purl 29 row a total of 28 times.
  5. Pick up stitches to complete the round. After you have finished working across the heel rows, use the end of your needle to pick up the stitches along the sides of the heel. Insert your right-hand needle into the first stitch on the edge of the heel portion of your socks. Then, loop the yarn over the end of the needle and pull this loop through the stitch.[31]
    Knit Socks Step 26.jpg
    • Continue to do this until you have picked up all of the stitches on 1 side of the heel. Then, knit until you get to the other side of the heel and pick up these stitches in the same way.
  6. Work decreases to shape the foot portion of the sock. Knit 2 and then knit 2 together until you are back to the original number of stitches in the round. To knit 2 together, insert your right-hand needle into the first 2 stitches in the round. Then, yarn over, and pull through both stitches.[32]
    Knit Socks Step 27.jpg
    • As an example, if you have 100 stitches in the round and need to get back to 64, knit 2 and then knit 2 together until the total number of stitches in the round equals 64 again.
  7. Knit until the foot portion of the sock is the desired length and bind off. Measure the sock against an existing sock or against your foot. When the sock is the desired length, bind off the stitches. Knit 2 to start binding off the round. Then, lift the first stitch up and over the second stitch. Knit 1 again and lift up and over again.[33]
    Knit Socks Step 28.jpg
    • Continue to knit 1 and lift 1 up and over.
  8. Sew up the end of the sock. Leave a tail and thread the end of it through the eye of a yarn needle. Then, turn the sock inside out and sew up the toe. Hold together the stitches at the end of the toe and sew through 2 stitches at a time to secure the end of the sock. Tie the end of the yarn through the last stitch and cut the excess to finish the sock.
    Knit Socks Step 29.jpg
    • Repeat the process to make a second sock.

EditTips

  • Follow a pattern to make a specific type of socks. There are many free patterns available online.

EditThings You'll Need

EditMaking Knit Socks on a Loom

  • 2 skeins of chunky or super bulky yarn
  • 24 peg loom
  • 1 loom hook
  • 2 skeins of chunky weight yarn
  • Scissors
  • Yarn needle

EditUsing 2 Straight Knitting Needles

  • 2 skeins of medium-weight yarn.[34]
  • 1 pair of US size 7 (4.5 mm) straight knitting needles.[35]
  • Scissors
  • Yarn needle

EditKnitting Socks With Circular Needles

  • 2 skeins of fingering or sock yarn
  • US size 1 (2.25 mm) cable needles
  • 2 skeins of fingering or lightweight yarn
  • Scissors
  • Yarn needle

EditSources and Citations

EditQuick Summary


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How to Cook a Top Round Roast

Posted: 08 Jan 2019 08:00 AM PST

A top round roast is a relatively lean section of meat taken from the inside of a cow's hind leg. Despite being an inexpensive slice of meat, it is lean and very flavorful. Like its name suggests, roasting is the most common way to cook a top round roast, although it can be incorporated into stews. Once the meat reaches the desired temperature, it can be eaten right away or even used as deli-style roast beef.[1]

EditIngredients

  • 1 top round roast
  • fresh parsley, chopped
  • Dijon mustard
  • olive oil
  • unsalted butter
  • salt
  • pepper
  • 1 shallot, minced

EditSteps

EditSeasoning the Roast

  1. Defrost the roast for up to 2 days in the refrigerator. This process can take a while due to the size of the roast, so get started ahead of time. Leave the roast in its original packaging while it thaws. You will have an easier time rubbing in the spices and cooking the meat after it is unfrozen.[2]
    Cook a Top Round Roast Step 1 Version 3.jpg
    • If you're in a hurry, you can try defrosting it in the microwave. Heat it at a low temperature until it is no longer frozen.
    • Another way to speed up defrosting is to submerge the meat under cold water. Do this only if your roast is in a watertight container. Change the water out as it warms.
  2. Remove the roast from the refrigerator an hour ahead of time. The wait time brings the roast up to room temperature, causing it to cook more evenly. It won't be out long enough to make bacteria an issue. You can vary the resting time between 30 minutes and 2 hours, depending on how much time you have available.[3]
    Cook a Top Round Roast Step 2 Version 3.jpg
    • If you need to get the roast in the oven right away, that is fine. It will still cook well and taste good.
  3. Mix all ingredients besides the roast in a separate bowl. Choose a mixing bowl and pour of olive oil into it. Add of Dijon mustard along with of butter, of chopped parsley, and a minced shallot. Sprinkle in about of both salt and pepper before stirring the ingredients into a paste.[4]

    • You can mix the ingredients 24 hours in advance and put them in a bag with the roast. The meat will absorb more of the flavors while the salt draws out flavor from the meat.
    • Experiment with your ingredients. For example, you can leave out the shallot and mustard. You can add other herbs and spices or make a balsamic glaze.
  4. Rub the entire surface of the top round roast with the paste. If you have a basting brush, use it to easily coat the outer surface of your roast. A brush is helpful if your mixture is too liquid. You can also pour the paste onto the roast and try to spread it using a knife or other tool.[5]

    • Dry rubs and pastes can usually be worked into the meat by hand. If you're not shy about getting your hands dirty, you don't need to reach for a brush.

EditRoasting the Meat

  1. Preheat your oven to . Turn on your oven and give it a few minutes to get up to the proper temperature. Once it is heated, begin cooking the roast as soon as you can. You may see recipes using wildly different temperatures, and cooking the beef at a different temperature is fine if you want to experiment.[6]
    Cook a Top Round Roast Step 5 Version 3.jpg
    • Lower temperatures mean slower cooking, so adjust your timer accordingly.
    • Instead of using an oven, you can cook roasts in a dutch oven. Start by searing the meat in oil, then add beef stock and other ingredients. Put the dutch oven in your oven for 2 to 3 hours.[7]
    • Another option is a slow cooker. Sear the meat before adding all of your ingredients to the slow cooker. Cook for about 4 to 6 hours on high or 8 to 10 hours on low.
  2. Place the roast in a roasting pan with the fat side up. Look for a layer of white fat on top of the red meat. This fatty end will usually appear rounded, while the opposite end is flatter and easier to rest against your roasting pan. Put the roast directly in the center of the pan.[8]

    • You can also use a roasting rack. Fit it over a roasting pan or baking sheet, which will catch any dripping juices. If you use a slow cooker, don't use a rack and instead cook the roast in the stock or other liquid you use.
    • Another option is an oven bag. Seal the roast in the bag, then set it in a pan. Cut a few vents in the top.
  3. Multiply the weight of the roast by 21 minutes to find your cooking time. For example, a top round roast takes about 84 minutes, or 1 ¼ hours. Larger roasts take longer to cook than smaller roasts. Similarly, a cold roast takes a little longer to cook than one at room temperature. Keep a close eye on your roast and test it with a meat thermometer if you aren't sure it is done.[9]
    Cook a Top Round Roast Step 7 Version 3.jpg
    • This is the average time to get your top round roast to medium rare. If you want it to be closer to well done, expect it take 30 to 35 minutes per pound. Roasts are best served medium rare, though.
    • The average roasting time can also vary depending on your oven and the heat setting you use.
  4. Place the meat on a center rack in your oven. Position the meat, making sure it is in or over a pan that can catch any dripping juices. Close the door as soon as possible so the heat doesn't escape. Then, set your timer as your roast begins to cook.

  5. Cook the roast in the oven for about 1 ¼ hours. Leave the roast in the oven for the amount of time you calculated earlier. Don't open the oven door if you can help it, since doing so lets out the heat. If you think the roast may be done before the time is up, you should definitely check it to avoid overcooking.[10]
    Cook a Top Round Roast Step 9 Version 3.jpg
    • You can start the roasting process at a higher temperature, then lower it after about 15 minutes. The high temperature can give the roast a nice, brown sear.
    • Another option for browning is to heat olive oil in a pan, then sear the meat about 2 minutes per side. Put the roast in the oven when you are done.
  6. Use a thermometer to test the roast for a temperature of . Slide the thermometer's tip into the center of the roast about 30 minutes before the cooking time is up. A temperature of indicates a medium-rare roast, but you should remove the roast before it reaches this level of doneness.[11]
    Cook a Top Round Roast Step 10 Version 3.jpg
    • A rare roast has a temperature between when it is done.
    • A medium roast reaches , while a well done roast reaches .

EditServing the Meat

  1. Take the roast out of the oven before it finishes cooking. The meat gets hot enough that it continues cooking even after it is taken out of the oven. Plan on taking it out when it is 5 to 10 degrees below the desired internal temperature. This way, you get the exact doneness you want in your meat.[12]

    • For example, if you want a medium-rare roast, remove the roast from the oven at the mark.
  2. Tent the roast in foil and leave it on your counter. Move the pan to a safe location, such as a counter or your stovetop. To tent the roast, wrap a piece of aluminum foil over the top of the pan. The foil seals in the heat, allowing the roast to finish cooking to its final temperature. You do not have to remove your thermometer if you used it to test the meat earlier.[13]

    • If you have the roast on a rack, take it off the rack and wrap it loosely in foil. Be careful not to burn your fingers!
  3. Allow the roast to rest for 15 minutes before carving. The additional waiting time is needed for the roast to cook up to the proper temperature. It also allows the juices to seal inside the meat. Instead of getting a bloody mess, you get a juicier piece of meat when you finally cut the roast.[14]
    Cook a Top Round Roast Step 13 Version 3.jpg
  4. Cut the meat into thick slices against the grain. Unwrap the roast and look closely at its surface. You should be able to see lines running across it, which are the meat's muscle fibers. Instead of cutting along those lines, cut across them. The exact size of cuts doesn't matter, but try slicing the beef as thinly as possible for lots of flavor with a minimal amount of chewing.[15]

    • Use a sharp knife to ensure the meat cuts cleanly.
    • Cutting the meat against the grain leads to delicious, tender pieces that are easier to chew.
  5. Store leftovers in airtight containers in the refrigerator or freezer. You can wrap the beef tightly in plastic or foil if you don't have a container big enough. Also consider cutting the beef into multiple chunks in order to make storage easier. Keep it in the refrigerator if you plan on using it right away or make use of the freezer for long-term storage.[16]

    • The beef should last up to 4 days in the refrigerator. If it looks slimy or smells bad, throw it away.
    • Beef stored in the freezer will last up to 3 months. You can defrost it as needed before storing it in the refrigerator.

EditTips

  • Consider making gravy with the drippings from the roasting pan. Drain excess fat, then combine the remainder with a mixture of milk and water boiled over medium heat.
  • Increase the amount of olive oil you use in your rub if the roast is very lean. The oil's fat is essential in keeping the meat moist while it roasts.
  • Top round roasts can also be braised in sauces in a slow cooker or Dutch oven, although roasting is more common with top round roasts.

EditThings You'll Need

  • Roasting pan
  • Mixing bowl
  • Measuring spoons
  • Oven
  • Meat thermometer
  • Aluminum foil
  • Sharp knife

EditRelated wikiHows

EditSources and Citations

EditQuick Summary


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How to Create a Career Portfolio

Posted: 08 Jan 2019 12:00 AM PST

Your résumé may have gotten you an interview, but once in the interview, you want to make sure you really stand out. A career portfolio provides you an opportunity to showcase your achievements and samples of your work product to give potential employers a better idea of what you bring to the table. While it may take you a little time and effort to prepare your portfolio, that work could pay off if your portfolio helps you land the job of your dreams.[1]

EditSteps

EditHelp Building a Career Portfolio

EditPopulating Your Portfolio

  1. Start with an up-to-date copy of your résumé. Your résumé is one of the most basic, and perhaps most important, documents in your portfolio. This document summarizes your education and experience and should always be in your portfolio, even if you've already submitted it separately to the potential employer.[2]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • You may want to keep more than one copy of your résumé in your portfolio, in case a potential employer wants one.
  2. Create lists of skills and qualifications. Think about all the things you can do and make a list. If you have skills in a variety of different areas, you may want to categorize them, or create separate skills pages so you can add or subtract as needed to make your portfolio relevant to the job for which you're interviewing.[3]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • Include people skills, such as the ability to negotiate, lead, or communicate well. You can include references or examples in your portfolio to back these skills up.
    • Feel free to include self-taught skills. In your portfolio, you have room to provide samples that show you know how to do something even if you don't have a formal certification for it.
  3. Include proof of licenses, degrees, and certifications. scan or make copies of paper licenses and certificates to include in your portfolio. For degrees, you might include transcripts and highlight relevant courses.[4]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 3 Version 2.jpg
    • If you're including transcripts, scan it so you can make multiple copies. You may be applying for different jobs for which you would highlight different courses.
  4. Get letters of recommendation. Letters of recommendation from people with knowledge of your skills and work ethic can persuade potential employers. If someone else had a good experience working with you, it gives a potential employer an idea of what they can expect.[5]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 4 Version 2.jpg
    • Former employers are good sources for recommendations, provided you left on good terms and had a good relationship with your boss or supervisor. Ask for letters of recommendation from someone who supervised you directly and observed your work.
    • Professors or instructors are good sources for recommendations as well, particularly if they taught a course that is relevant to your career. For example, if you're looking for work as a web designer, you might get a recommendation from the instructor of your front-end development class.
    • You also shouldn't overlook community leaders or political figures, provided they know you personally and have some experience working with you or observing your work ethic.
  5. Collect samples of your work. Choose samples that are recent, showcase your skills, and generally make you look good. If you're just getting started, you may want to include samples from school projects rather than something you produced at work.[6]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 5 Version 2.jpg
    • You can create examples of your work just for your portfolio, but don't go overboard. Potential employers will be more impressed by something you created for a former employer or in a class, where you were under time constraints and your work was evaluated by a supervisor or instructor.
    • With your work samples, include any feedback you got from them. For example, you might include the fact that you got an "A" on the project for a class, or that your supervisor recommended you for a promotion after you finished the project.
  6. Highlight awards and accomplishments. Your portfolio is the place to let yourself shine, so you also want to include information about anything that you're proud of – even if it's not necessarily related to your career. Employers generally like having high achievers working for them.[7]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 6 Version 2.jpg
    • For example, if your rugby team won the state championship, by all means include that in your portfolio.
    • Athletic honors and community leadership awards definitely have a place in your portfolio. Generally, leave out honors that are political or religious in nature, unless you're interviewing for a job with a political or religious organization where they would be relevant.

EditOrganizing Your Portfolio

  1. Look at the types of material you want to include. For most careers, most if not all of your portfolio contents will be standard, letter-sized paper. However, for some fields you may want to include over-size or digital media in your portfolio.[8]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 7 Version 2.jpg
    • Your portfolio can include anything portable. Larger documents can also be folded to fit in the confines of your binder.
    • If you are in the technology field, you can create a CD of your work to include in your portfolio.
  2. Buy a 3-ring binder or presentation binder and supplies. Physical portfolios typically look neatest in a 3-ring binder. Get a set of tabs to help organize the sections of your portfolio. You may need other inserts, depending on what you've decided to include.[9]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 8 Version 2.jpg
    • For example, if you have a career in tech and have included a CD, you can get CD holders that fit in 3-ring binders to easily secure your work.
    • You can find the supplies you need online, at office supply stores, and even at discount stores. Generally, you'll find everything you need anywhere office or school supplies are sold.
  3. Start with a title page and table of contents. Your title page should have basic information about you, including your name and contact information. Your table of contents sets out the sections of your portfolio and the types of documents included in each section, for quick reference.[10]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 9 Version 2.jpg
    • You can buy sets of tabs with a built-in table of contents page that coordinates the name of each section to the tab behind which that section falls.
  4. Categorize your portfolio contents. Your categories may differ somewhat depending on your skills and career field. Generally, however, the easiest way to organize your portfolio is to think about how a typical job interview would go.[11]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 10.jpg
    • For example, most interviewers start off the interview with a question along the lines of "Tell me a little about yourself." Make this question easy by making "About Me" the first section in your portfolio. Include your résumé, information about hobbies and interests, and personal skills such as languages you speak. You can also include reference letters in this section, or you can create another section for them.
    • You may also have separate sections for education, employment, and leadership or community involvement.
  5. Create tabs for each of your different sections. Inserts with tabs on the outside allow you to quickly jump to the section you need without having to thumb through the pages. They can also protect the pages in your portfolio from too much damage.[12]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 11.jpg
    • Colored tabs with a table of contents typically don't have anything written on the tab itself. Instead, you'll use the table of contents to navigate through the sections.
    • You may also have tabs with inserts where you would write the title of each section. If you use this type of tab, pick a set where you can type the names of the sections on a computer and feed the inserts through a printer. These sets have instructions for formatting your word processing app to print the tabs correctly.
  6. Proofread all portfolio documents carefully. Before you put a document in your portfolio, check it several times to ensure it is free of grammar and spelling errors. You might also have someone else look over it to pick up anything you might have missed.[13]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 12.jpg
    • Your portfolio should present your best image. A glaring error on any page of your portfolio sends the wrong message to potential employers, and all your hard work may backfire.

EditUsing Your Portfolio

  1. Bring your portfolio with you to interviews. At interviews, you can reference your portfolio when necessary. Look for opportunities to let the interviewer know that you have samples of your work and other material that they can look at.[14]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 13.jpg
    • Be prepared to leave your portfolio behind if the interviewer wants some time to look it over after the interview. Don't bring your master or only copy of your documents.
  2. Customize your portfolio for each job opportunity. Your master portfolio includes everything you might ever want a potential employer to see. However, all of those documents won't necessarily be relevant to every opportunity you have. Add and remove documents as necessary to target particular employers and positions.[15]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 14.jpg
    • Letters of recommendation are a good place to customize. For example, if you have a job interview scheduled and you know the interviewer is an alumni of your university, you might include letters from professors more prominently.
    • When targeting work samples, include only samples of work similar to what you would probably be doing if you were hired by that company. For example, if you're interviewing for a job as a graphic designer, the interviewer likely won't be interested in the short story you wrote for your English class – even if it was published or won an award. It has nothing to do with your skills as a graphic designer.
  3. Review your portfolio to assess your career development. Make it a habit to sit down with your master portfolio at least once a year. Look at each document, updating as necessary, and removing older work that has lost relevance.[16]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 15.jpg
    • Looking back at your career in a nutshell like this can help you identify gaps in your training or areas where you might need continuing education to stay up-to-date with recent trends in the field.
    • You may also notice the development of new skills that may open doors to new opportunities you wouldn't have considered before.
  4. Create a digital backup of your master portfolio. Once you've gone to all that work, you don't want to lose it. If you have a digital backup of all the documents in your portfolio, you can easily update it or recreate it if anything happens to your physical copy.[17]
    Create a Career Portfolio Step 16.jpg
    • You might also consider putting your portfolio on a website. You can include a link to the website on your résumé. This could be especially helpful if you're in tech or media.

EditTips

  • If you have newspaper articles for your portfolio, find a PDF of the page the article was on, or scan the page and create a PDF yourself. Use a photo-editing app to black out the entire page other than the article you want to showcase.
  • Avoid numbering the pages of your portfolio. This will make it overly complex to add or remove pages when you need to update it.[18]
  • Any documents you create specifically for your portfolio should all use the same font and font size, so your portfolio looks orderly and consistent.[19]

EditWarnings

  • Avoid including work product that may reveal proprietary information that belongs to a previous employer. If you're not sure, ask your old employer for permission to use it.

EditRelated wikiHows

EditSources and Citations

EditQuick Summary


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Monday, January 7, 2019

How to of the Day

How to of the Day


How to Learn Basic Ballet Moves

Posted: 07 Jan 2019 04:00 PM PST

Ballet is an art that helps you express yourself through movement. It's also a technical form of dance that builds on the basics. If you're interested in ballet, start by learning the 5 basic foot and arm positions. After those, you can progress onto moves like plié and relevé. Take a beginner's class to make sure you're learning good form and technique, and practice at home so that you can master the basics.

EditSteps

EditMastering the Basic Positions

  1. Start with first position. First position is arguably the easiest basic ballet position. Stand with your feet together, ensuring your heels touch. Then, turn each leg outward so your feet are perpendicular to your torso. Keep your heels together, but allow your feet, calves, and thighs pivot until your feet form a straight line parallel with your shoulders. The end stance is first position.[1]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 1 Version 4.jpg
    • Your whole leg from your thigh to your feet be turned outward. The end result will turn your feet in a straight line on the floor, with your heels in the middle.
    • First position for the arms looks like you're holding a beach ball in the middle of your stomach. Keep your fingers about apart, and tilt your hands just slightly toward your face.
  2. Move into second position. Second position is similar to first. Instead of your heels touching, though, move your feet about hip distance apart. Make sure your feet still face opposite directions, and that your legs turn out along with your feet.[2]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 2 Version 4.jpg
    • Second position for the arms is like the first position arms, but open. Take your first position arms and open them at the elbows to about the width of your feet. Tilt your palms slightly toward you.
  3. Transition to third position. For third position, start in first position. With your feet still facing opposite directions, slide one foot directly in front of the other. Touch the heel of your front foot to the instep of your back foot, and bring your front calf directly in front of your back calf.[3]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 3 Version 4.jpg
    • Third position arms can best be thought of as a combination of first and second position. Start with your arms in first position. Open just one arm up to second position, leaving the other arm in first position.
  4. Open to fourth position. Begin in first position, then bring one foot in front of the other, making sure the toes on each foot still point in opposite directions. Position your forward foot about in front of your back foot, and line the heel of the forward foot up with the toes of the back foot.[4]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 4 Version 5.jpg
    • Unlike in other positions, your feet do not touch in fourth position. Getting your spacing right can be tricky. Look up pictures of fourth position online and watch video tutorials to give you an idea of how your feet should be positioned.
    • For fourth position arms, start with your arms in first position. Bring one arm up above your head, maintaining the bend at the elbow. Face the palm of your raised arm downward and hold it just in front of your head.
  5. Finish in fifth position. Fifth position uses the same foot directions as fourth, but your feet are positioned much closer together. Start in fourth position and bring your feet in close together, stopping when they are about 1-2 finger widths apart.[5]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 5 Version 5.jpg
    • As with fourth position, turn your legs out along with your feet. Avoid bending them at the knee. Hold them as tall and straight as possible.
    • Fifth position arms are an extension of fourth position, as well. Bring your arms into fourth position. Then, bring your lower arm up above your head to meet your raised arm. Make sure to leave just enough space between your fingers so that they don't touch.

EditLearning Additional Moves

  1. Add movement to first position with a plié. A plié is one of the most basic moves in ballet. Start in first position. Then, slowly bend your knees until they are about as wide apart as your big toes. Hold this position for a second before using your legs to quickly and gracefully push your torso back up. Finish back in first position.[6]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 6 Version 4.jpg
    • As you plié, pay close attention to your form. Keep your back straight and tall, and your heels planted on the floor. This movement will engage your quadriceps on the way down, and your knees and glutes on the way up.
    • A plié is the starting and finishing motion for many jumps. That's why you don't just straighten your legs when coming out of one. The force that you use to drive up your upper body will eventually drive your jumps and pirouettes.
    • There are two types of pliés. Beginners should start with a demi plié as described. As you master your craft, though, you'll move onto the grand plié, where you bend until your thighs are parallel with the floor.[7]
  2. Use a tendu to transition between positions. A tendu, or battement tendu, is a stretch that helps you move from one position to another. Start in fifth position with your legs straight and your muscles pulled up. Take your front foot and push it into the floor, then immediately slide out to the front before bringing it back to fifth position.[8]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 7 Version 4.jpg
    • Once your foot is back in fifth position, push it back into the floor, then slide it out to the side. Make sure your knee does not bend through this process. As you bring your foot back in, place it in fifth position behind your stationary foot.
    • Complete the tendu by pushing your foot into the ground then sliding it back behind you. Bring your feet back to fifth position. Your stationary foot will now be in front, allowing you to switch feet and practice the tendu flow on your other foot.
  3. Come up on the balls of your feet for a relevé. A relevé is a basic move taught to most beginning ballet dancers. For a basic relevé, start with your feet in first position and one arm holding onto your barre. Use your calves to pull your heels upward until you're standing on the balls of your feet. Then, slowly release your calves to bring your heels back to the floor.[9]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 8.jpg
    • While relevé is used in pointe, beginners should not try going all the way onto their toes. Instead, support your weight with the balls of your feet. This is called a demi-pointe.
    • As you practice more, you can combine your plié and relevé. Start by going into your plié, then use the driving force as you come back up to bring you into relevé.
  4. Try a basic sauté when you're ready to learn jumps. A sauté is generally used as an exercise for beginners to help them master small, simple jumps. To sauté, start in first position. Bend into a plié, then push your legs into the ground as you come up, giving you lift enough to jump a little way off the ground. Straighten your legs as you jump, then bend softly back into a plié as you land.[10]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 9.jpg
    • Often, as you practice, you will do several sautés in a row. Practice sautés in groups of at least 5 to help you master the flow of launching and landing in plié. Landing in plié is an important part of this jump, as it cushions and protects your knees.
    • Moving from plié to sauté will be similar to moving from plié to relevé, but with a bit more force as you come up. That added force is what will get you off the ground.
    • Sauté, literally translating to jump, is often combined with other positions to create specific jumps, such as sauté arabesque.

EditPracticing Your Ballet Skills

  1. Buy or make a barre to practice at home. A barre is a simple rail to help you keep your balance when doing warming up and practicing new moves. Position the barre at a comfortable height, just at or above your waist. You can buy a barre online or from some sporting goods stores. You can also use PVC pipes to make a freestanding barre for your home.[11]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 10.jpg
    • A sturdy barre will be necessary for most beginners to help them keep balance as they improve their technique and muscle memory.
    • A typical ballet barre has a lower and an upper barre attached to the same wall or frame. The lower barre is usually from the floor, and the upper barre is from the floor.
    • If you don't want to invest in a home barre, talk to local dance studios to see if they have open hours. Often, you pay a small practice fee for open hours in exchange for free time to use the shared studio space and equipment, including their barre.
  2. Go over the port de bras basics each day. Mastering the position and movement of your arms, known in ballet as port de bras, is often the first exercise for beginners. Take some time each day to flow through the basic arm positions. These include not only the arms complimenting each foot position, but also:[12]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 11.jpg
    • En avant (forward). For this, hold your arms out directly in front of your torso, bending them at the elbows to round them slightly. Face your palms in toward your body, and keep your fingers close but not so close that they touch.
    • En haut (high up). Bring your arms up from en avant and hold them above your head, keeping your shoulders flat. Keep your elbows round and your fingers just slightly apart.
    • En bas (below). Carefully and intentionally bring your arms down directly in front of your hips from en haut. Face your palms inward toward your legs, keep your elbows round, and maintain spacing between your fingers. Then, bring your arms back up to en avant and repeat the flow for at least 5 or so minutes.
  3. Practice your basic foot positions every day after doing port de bras. Whether you're taking classes or just exploring your interest in ballet, practicing the basic positions is essential. Set aside at least 15 minutes every day to practice your positions in front of a mirror. [13]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 12.jpg
    • Hold each position for a few seconds at a time to evaluate your form and correct your stance, if necessary.
    • Don't get discouraged if your positions aren't perfect at first. These take a lot of time to learn and even longer to perfect. Keep practicing, though, since these positions serve as the starting point for many basic moves.
  4. Attend a beginners ballet class to ensure you have the correct form. Whether you hope to become a prima ballerina/ballerino or you're just dancing for fun, an instructor is a necessity for a ballet beginner. Home practice is important, but only a teacher can build your correct your technique and help you move past basic skills.[14]
    Learn Basic Ballet Moves Step 13.jpg
    • Attend open houses at local dance studios to get a feel for different teachers and their different styles.
    • Keep looking until you find a teacher with whom you click. Ballet is a difficult art to master, so you may be with your instructor for a long time. Look for someone who will both nurture and challenge you.
    • Even if you have experience in other forms of dance, you should start with a beginner ballet class. Ballet is highly technical, and other forms of dance may not fully prepare you. Your instructor will let you know if they think you're prepared for a more advanced class.

EditTips

  • In addition to practicing moves, learn about ballet through reading and watching videos. The more you understand about the technique and theory behind each movement, the better you will be able to perform it.
  • Don't give up. Becoming a ballerina/ballerino is a very long process, so don't expect to be perfect from the start.

EditWarnings

  • Do not try pointe or use pointe shoes as a beginner. Pointe can be dangerous for the inexperienced dancer. Your ballet instructor will let you know when you are ready for pointe.
  • Do not force your body into a position it cannot hold. It takes time to build the strength and flexibility for certain moves and positions. Allow yourself to build up the muscle memory gradually or you could risk hurting yourself.

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EditSources and Citations


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How to Make Candied Ginger

Posted: 07 Jan 2019 08:00 AM PST

Candied or crystallized ginger is a delicious treat that is very easy to make at home. Peel and slice the ginger root before cooking it until it's tender. Then crystallize the ginger in sugar in a saucepan and coat each piece in more sugar. You can store the candied ginger for up to 3 months in an airtight container, which means that you will always have a sweet snack at hand!

EditIngredients

  • of fresh ginger
  • of water
  • of granulated sugar, approximately

EditSteps

EditSlicing and Cooking the Ginger

  1. Choose a young, fresh ginger root to make the candied ginger with. Look for a ginger root that is tender and firm. Avoid any ginger roots which feel papery, as this means that they are old.[1]
    Make Candied Ginger Step 1 Version 4.jpg
  2. Grease a cooling rack and line a half sheet pan. Use a non-stick cooking spray to lightly coat the cooling rack. Then line the half sheet pan with a sheet of parchment paper.[2]

    • A half sheet pan is .[3]
  3. Wash of fresh ginger and peel it using a spoon. Wash the ginger root first under cool, running water. Then scrape the skin off with the edge of a spoon using strong, downward strokes.[4]

    • You can peel the ginger whole, or you can break lobes off and peel each one individually.
  4. Slice the ginger into ⅛ in (3.2 mm) thick slices. Use a mandoline to evenly slice the entire ginger root. Place the ginger into the handguard, and push it down the runway to create the slices.[5]

    • Alternatively, if you don't have a mandoline, use a paring knife to slice the ginger as thinly as possible.[6]
  5. Cook the ginger in of water for 35 minutes. Place the ginger slices into a saucepan, and turn the stovetop burner on to medium-high heat. Cover the saucepan as the ginger cooks, and leave the saucepan over the heat until the ginger is tender.[7]

    • A 4-quart saucepan is the best size to use for cooking the ginger in the water.
    • Use a fork to check if the ginger is tender.
  6. Drain the ginger and retain ¼ cup (60 ml) of the liquid. Put a colander into a large bowl, and transfer the ginger pieces into it. Lift the colander up and gently move it around to drain the water from the ginger. Use a measuring cup to reserve some of the liquid.[8]

    • The rest of the cooking liquid can either be discarded or kept to make a ginger infused tea.[9]

EditCandying the Ginger

  1. Weigh the cooked ginger and measure out the same weight of sugar. Place the ginger onto a set of kitchen scales, and remember the measurement. Remove the ginger from the scales, and measure out the exact same amount of granulated sugar. This will most likely be approximately of sugar.[10]

    • Keep the remaining granulated sugar, as you will use this to coat the ginger when it has crystallized.[11]
  2. Bring the ginger, cooking liquid, and granulated sugar to a boil. Place the ginger, sugar, and ¼ cup (60 ml) of the cooking liquid into the saucepan. Adjust the stovetop to a medium-high heat, and stir the ingredients as you bring it to a boil.[12]

    • Use a wooden spoon to stir the ingredients.
  3. Cook the ingredients over a medium heat for approximately 20 minutes. Once the ingredients start boiling, reduce the heat down to medium. Let the ginger cook until the sugar syrup has almost evaporated and looks very dry, and then remove it from the heat.[13]

    • Continue stirring the ingredients frequently as they cook.
    • The sugar syrup will be recrystallizing by around 20 minutes.
  4. Coat the ginger pieces in the remaining sugar on the half sheet pan. Use a slotted spoon or a serving spoon to take the ginger from the saucepan to the half sheet pan. Use tongs to thoroughly cover the ginger pieces in the extra sugar.[14]

    • A slotted spoon or a serving spoon will help to drain any excess syrup off the ginger pieces before they go onto the half sheet pan.
    • You can keep any leftover syrup to mix it into refreshing drinks or to drizzle over ice cream. If you prefer it to be slightly thicker, simply boil the syrup for a few more minutes.[15]
  5. Transfer the ginger to the cooling rack and let it cool for 2 hours. Use a fork or tongs to spread out the pieces. Make sure that none of the pieces are sticking together.[16]

    • The cooling time of 2 hours is approximate. Check that the candied ginger has hardened before you store it.
  6. Store the candied ginger pieces for up to 3 months. Place the ginger into an airtight container. Keep the container in a cool, dark place such as a pantry.[17]
    Make Candied Ginger Step 12 Version 3.jpg
    • Make sure that the pieces are completely cool to touch before you store them, otherwise, they won't keep well.
    • You can keep the sugar that falls away from the ginger pieces and onto the half sheet pan. This can be used for sweetening coffee, topping ginger snaps, or sprinkling over ice cream.

EditTips

  • There are many recipes that can be enhanced with the addition of candied ginger. Try adding it to banana bread, citrus salads, granola bars, muffins, cakes, and homemade jam just to name a few.[18]

EditThings You'll Need

  • Cooling rack
  • Half sheet pan
  • Parchment paper
  • Spoon
  • Mandoline or paring knife
  • 4-quart saucepan
  • Fork
  • Colander
  • Measuring cup
  • Kitchen scales
  • Wooden spoon
  • Slotted spoon or serving spoon
  • Airtight container

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EditSources and Citations

EditQuick Summary


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How to Read Between the Lines

Posted: 07 Jan 2019 12:00 AM PST

Reading between the lines, or interpreting the hidden meanings of what people say, is a skill that you can learn. While you may not always be able to figure out exactly what someone might have meant, you can get a good idea. Make sure to look at the big picture when reading between the lines. Pay attention to their words, their body language, and the situation.

EditSteps

EditAnalysing What People Say

  1. Listen carefully. Listening closely to what people say is essential to reading between the lines. Develop your listening skills and practice them regularly.[1] Some good listening techniques include:[2]
    Read Between the Lines Step 1 Version 2.jpg
    • Smiling and nodding to show you are paying attention.
    • Using neutral statements to encourage the person to keep talking, such as "yes," "I see," and "go on."
    • Rephrasing what the person has just said to ensure that you have understood them. For example, you might say something like, "It sounds like you are saying that you don't think I am a very good listener. Is that right?"
  2. Take notes so that you can analyze them later. Taking notes on what someone says will allow you to return to the information later and analyze it. Write down anything that seems important or that you'd like to come back to. However, taking notes might not be practical for every situation.
    Read Between the Lines Step 2 Version 2.jpg
    • For example, taking notes during a job interview is acceptable, but taking notes during a conversation with a friend may seem strange to the other person.
  3. Notice what the person does not say. What the person leaves out may be as important as what they include. After the conversation, consider whether they left out anything that you think is important.[3]
    Read Between the Lines Step 3.jpg
    • For example, if a coworker avoided talking about their progress on a special project, then they might be struggling with the project.
    • If a friend changes the subject when you attempt to talk to them about a recent fight you had, then they might not be ready to talk about it.
  4. Ask for clarity. After the conversation, it is fine to ask the person about anything that was unclear to you. Be honest if you don't understand something or if you want more information about something they said.
    Read Between the Lines Step 4.jpg
    • Try saying something like, "I am interested in the way you described your process for this piece of art. Could you tell me more about that?"
    • You can also simply say, "I didn't understand what you said about about the homework. Can you please explain that again?"
  5. Reflect on the things the person said. After the conversation, reflect on what was said. Ask yourself some questions to identify things that seemed important or that might have a hidden meaning. Some good questions to ask yourself include:
    Read Between the Lines Step 5.jpg
    • What stood out about the conversation? Was there anything about it that was bizarre or uncomfortable?
    • What was the main focus of the conversation?
    • What seemed to be the most important subject for the other person?
    • Did we arrive at a solution or compromise? If not, did the other person suggest a way for us to do that?

EditInterpreting Body Language

  1. Note the person's facial expressions. The way that someone looks at you can say a lot about what they are thinking. Pay close attention to the person's facial expressions while they are talking and listening to you.[4]
    Read Between the Lines Step 6.jpg
    • For example, if the person is smiling and making eye contact, then they are likely interested in you and what you are saying. However if the person is looking away or around the room and not smiling, then they are probably not interested.
  2. Look at how they're sitting or standing. The way someone positions themself in relation to you can also give you clues about their attitude. Check the position of their body while you are talking to them.[5]
    Read Between the Lines Step 7.jpg
    • For example, if the person is facing you and leaning in towards you while you are speaking, then they are likely interested in what you're saying. However, if they're turned away from you and/or leaning back, then they might not be interested.
  3. Watch their hands and arms. Hand and arm position is another good way to read between the lines as well. Note where the person places their hands and arms to determine how interested they are in the conversation.[6]
    Read Between the Lines Step 8.jpg
    • For example, if the person has their arms crossed, then this is a good indication that they are not interested.
    • If their hands are on their hips, then they might be feeling impatient.
    • If their hands are resting on their lap or to their sides, then they are likely feeling relaxed and content.

EditConsidering the Situation

  1. Think about the circumstances. Along with the things that the person says and they way they use body language, the circumstances of a conversation may also provide helpful clues about the person's feelings. Consider the circumstances of the conversation to decide if any of their words or body language might be due to that.
    Read Between the Lines Step 9.jpg
    • For example, if you tried to pitch a new idea to your boss while she was trying to finish something, then she might have seemed uninterested. However, she might have a different reaction if you pitch the idea under better circumstances.
    • Or, if you tried to talk to a friend about a fight with another friend while she was in the process of getting ready for a big date, then her attention was likely elsewhere and she might have seemed uninterested in what you had to say.
  2. Examine the timing. Choosing the best time to have a conversation can also make a big difference in how the person responds to you. Reflect on how well you timed the conversation as well.
    Read Between the Lines Step 10.jpg
    • For example, if you had a conversation with your boss at the very end of the day, and you noticed that they gave curt answers and seemed impatient for you to finish, then this could just have been due to their desire to wrap up the day.
    • Or, if you spoke with a friend after they had just woken up, then this could explain why they weren't paying close attention to what you were saying.
  3. Reflect on any other relevant factors. Before you decide what the person's reaction to you might have meant, make sure to consider other possible factors in how they responded to you. Some questions you might ask yourself include:
    Read Between the Lines Step 11.jpg
    • Is it possible that they were having a bad day?
    • Does this person react to other people the same way?
    • Could the person's body language mean anything else?

EditSources and Citations


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How to Hide Your Diary

Posted: 06 Jan 2019 08:00 AM PST

A diary is where you keep all of your deepest, darkest secrets so it needs to be hidden where no one else can find it. If you're keeping your diary at home, hide it in creative spots where no one would think to look. If you plan to take it to school, try disguising it as a book. You can also keep a diary on your computer if you want to protect it with a password. Just remember to play it cool if someone sees your diary so you don't make them suspicious. It's for your eyes only, after all.

EditSteps

EditHiding Your Diary at Home

  1. Hollow out a book if you'd like to hide your diary on a bookshelf. By disguising your diary inside of a book, it will blend into the rest of the books on your shelf. Choose an old book that you no longer want, then brush Mod Podge along the edges of at least half the pages to glue them together. Using a box cutter, cut a rectangle out of the pages inside that's big enough to hold your diary.[1]
    Hide Your Diary Step 1 Version 3.jpg
    • You can also buy a used book from a bookstore if you don't want to ruin any of the ones you already own.
    • There are a lot of videos and tutorials online on how to make a hollowed-out book that you can follow along with.
    • To make sure your diary isn't discovered, pick a book that you know your parents or siblings won't want to borrow or read.
  2. Put your diary in an empty container if you want a creative hiding spot. Your room is likely full of possible things to hide your diary in that no one would ever suspect. For example, place it inside an empty tissue box with a few tissues on top or put it in an empty shoebox in your closet on the top shelf.
    Hide Your Diary Step 2 Version 3.jpg
    • The trick is choosing a spot that no one else would look in. For instance, the bottom of your art supply box is great if you're the only one who uses it, but not good if your sister borrows it sometimes.
    • Pick a container that completely camouflages your diary so you can't see any part of it. Make sure that your diary doesn't affect how the container looks, either. If the tissue box is bulging out from the size of the book, for example, your siblings may suspect something is hiding inside.
  3. Hide your diary underneath or behind things to keep it out of sight. Think of places where your family is unlikely to look. For example, unless you have siblings who borrow your clothes or parents who put your laundry away for you, a dresser drawer can be a very secretive spot. Set your diary at the very bottom of the drawer, then pile your clothes on top so it's completely hidden.[2]
    Hide Your Diary Step 3 Version 3.jpg
    • Put your diary in one of the top drawers of your dresser or desk if you have younger siblings who are more likely to get into bottom drawers.
  4. Tape it under a chair or table if you don't have young siblings. Little kids, especially if they're at the age where they're still crawling, can easily find something stuck to the bottom of a chair, desk, or table. If you don't have siblings or if your brothers or sisters are older and bigger, those spots are safer. Use enough tape so the diary is secure and won't fall down.
    Hide Your Diary Step 4 Version 3.jpg
    • Use strong tape, like duct tape or packing tape, if your diary is heavier.
    • Avoid taping your diary underneath your bed. That's an obvious place to hide it and it will likely get found.
  5. Stash your diary under a loose floorboard if you live in an old house. Older homes often have hardwood floors where some of the boards are loose, so you're able to lift them up slightly. If you have a board in your room that you can raise enough to slip a book into, this is the perfect hiding spot. However, make sure you can get the book back out first.[3]
    Hide Your Diary Step 5 Version 3.jpg
    • For extra protection, place a rug over top of the floorboard.
    • Be careful not to pull too hard on the floorboard when you're placing your diary inside. You don't want to damage the floor.

EditProtecting Your Diary at School

  1. Keep your diary in a notebook to blend in with your school supplies. Everyone will think you're just writing down what the teacher is saying, when really you're writing in your diary. Choose a very plain notebook or composition book so it's not noticeable among your other books.[4]
    Hide Your Diary Step 6 Version 3.jpg
    • If you have a set of matching notebooks, use a similar one for your diary. For example, if all your notebooks are cat-themed, don't make your diary a neon striped notebook. Go with another cat-themed one.
    • You can even fill the first couple pages with fake notes so if someone opens it, they'll think it's just your science notebook, for instance.
  2. Disguise your diary with a boring book cover so no one wants to read it. Pick the dullest, most uninteresting book you have that also has a removable cover. Remove the cover and wrap it around your diary. Make sure your diary is the same size of the original book so that the cover fits perfectly and doesn't look misplaced.[5]
    Hide Your Diary Step 7 Version 3.jpg
    • Good options for boring covers are old textbooks or classic novels that most of your classmates wouldn't want to read.
    • Pick a book that's realistic for you to be carrying around if you're taking it to school. For instance, your dad's book on how to fix plumbing problems might be super dull, but your friends will probably ask why you have it, drawing unwanted attention to your diary.
  3. Make a fake diary if you want your friends to stop trying to find yours. Trick nosy friends by creating a pretend diary. Keep it somewhere that they can see it, like on your desk, so they think they've found the real deal and won't look for your actual diary.
    Hide Your Diary Step 8 Version 3.jpg
    • Design your fake diary to look as realistic as possible. You can even write "My Diary" on the front.
    • Write a few pretend entries in your fake diary so it's convincing if they open it up. Of course, don't include any real secrets though!

EditMaking a Secure Electronic Diary

  1. Keep your diary on your personal laptop so no one else can get to it. Never keep your diary on a public computer or online where someone could find it. The best spot is on the desktop of your laptop.
    Hide Your Diary Step 9 Version 3.jpg
    • If your parents or siblings use your laptop sometimes, set up a different login for them. You can create a guest login so they don't have access to your personal files.
  2. Save your file under a fake name in a rarely used folder. Give your diary a name that disguises what it actually is. Then save it in a folder that no one would ever look in, like the system folder under the "My Computer" tab.
    Hide Your Diary Step 10 Version 3.jpg
    • For example, instead of naming your file "My Diary," name it something like "Biology Homework" instead.
    • On some computers, you can hide entire folders, too. Right-click on the folder, then select "Properties." There will be a box labeled "Hidden" or something similar that you can check. Now no one can see the folder.[6]
  3. Protect your diary with a strong password. Set the privacy controls on your laptop so a password is required for you to log into the computer. If you type your diary in a Microsoft Word document, you can password-protect that specific file, too.[7]
    Hide Your Diary Step 11 Version 3.jpg
    • To password-protect a document, click "Preferences" on the main menu, then "Personal Settings" followed by "Security." Select "Password to Open" to require someone to know the password to even open the file.

EditKeeping Your Diary a Secret

  1. Avoid writing in your diary when there are other people around. Try not to let anyone see you writing in your diary. If they do, they'll know you have one and will probably want to read it or attempt to find it when you're not looking. Only take out your diary when you're completely alone, just to be safe.
    Hide Your Diary Step 12 Version 3.jpg
    • If your diary is disguised, like in a notebook, you can write in it around other people as long as no one is close enough to see what you're writing.
    • When you're at home, wait until your parents leave or until everyone else goes to bed before you break out your diary.
  2. Act natural if someone sees you with it so they don't get suspicious. If you get caught with your diary or writing in it, don't panic. Pretend like it's just any old book, like a notebook for school. Calmly close it, tuck it away, and change the conversation.[8]
    Hide Your Diary Step 13 Version 3.jpg
    • If someone asks what you're doing, say something casual like, "Oh, nothing, just finishing up algebra homework for tomorrow. Cute shirt! Where did you get it?"
    • Avoid acting nervous, tripping over your words, or fidgeting. These are all signs you're lying and the other person will likely suspect you're hiding something.
  3. Write in a secret code so no one can read it except you. This will make writing in your diary more complicated but adds another level of protection in case anyone finds it. Invent your own code or language to write in by mixing up letters or even including numbers. Keep a key, which explains how to read the code, somewhere safe, like in a locked drawer.[9]
    Hide Your Diary Step 14 Version 3.jpg
    • One example of a code is the reverse alphabet. "A" is now "Z," "B" is now "Y," "C" is now "X," and so on. So for instance, you'd write "boy" as "ylb" or "love" as "olev."
    • If you're fluent in a language other than your native one, you can write in that. For example, if all of your friends speak English but you're also fluent in Spanish, keep your diary in Spanish.
    • A good place to keep your key is on your phone in the notes app. Don't write the key in your diary because, if someone finds your diary, they'll then be able to translate everything.

EditRelated wikiHows

EditSources and Citations


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