| How to Become Invisible on the Waze Map Posted: 15 Apr 2019 05:00 PM PDT By default, Waze shows your profile on the public map, including to your friends. If you want to travel in secret or surprise someone, you may want to turn this feature off. This wikiHow will teach you how to go invisible on the Waze map. - Open up Waze. The icon generally looks like a text-message smiley face icon in the center of a blue-filled box.
- Open up the Waze Quick Links Bar. Swipe in from the left the hidden dialog box on the map view, or tap the magnifying glass icon from the bottom right corner.
- Tap your name below your account picture near the top of the screen.
- Tap the switch next to "Go invisible".
- Tap the < button in the top left corner to back out of the screen and begin routing to your next destination invisibly.
- Recognize what will happen once you become invisible. Your screen will appear to work correctly, but your Waze friends won't see you and your reporting feature will become disabled. People who haven't friended you yet will see you as you pass them by on the highway.
- When on a route, you can still send your ETA to whomever you want, even if they can't see your route.
- Tap the green switch when you want to be seen on the Waze map again.
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| How to Gather Audit Evidence Posted: 15 Apr 2019 09:00 AM PDT An auditor investigates a company's finances and operations to determine whether the company's records are accurate. In most cases, a CPA or certified auditor conducts an audit. If you are a business owner facing an audit, understanding how audit evidence is gathered can help you prepare for your upcoming audit. If you go through your records and company operations before the auditor arrives, the audit process may run more smoothly.[1] EditExamining the Records - Review records for completeness. All spaces of a financial ledger or form should be filled in, and each entry should have a verifiable date. If any spaces are blank, there should be some notation or explanation as to why the information wasn't filled in.[2]
- For records of meetings or interviews, the entry should include the action that was taken as a result and any other follow-up actions that were taken later.
- Include the names of anyone involved in an entry, and their role in the company, if applicable. For example, if you have a list of deposits made into an account, each entry should include the names of the managers or employees who made the deposit.
- Compare account balances and transactions to banking records. Financial ledgers are attached to a business banking or investment account. The company's ledgers should reconcile against the bank's records.[3]
- In some cases, further investigation may be required. For example, if the company's records note a $1,000 sale to a client, but only $500 was deposited into the company's account, the auditor might contact the client to find out how much money the client paid and when.
- Get recent bank statements and compare the company's records to the bank's records. If there is a discrepancy, mark the transaction and determine why the records are different. If you can identify the reason for the discrepancy in advance and correct your records if necessary, it will save the auditor some time and effort.
- Test the effectiveness of internal financial controls. Inadequate controls leave room for error as well as an increased risk for theft or fraud. Make sure all financial software is up-to-date, and use complex passwords that are unique to each user. Make sure passwords aren't left lying around for anyone to use.[4]
- The auditor will keep an eye out for any holes in the company's financial security that could be exploited. When information about these type of security risks show up in an auditor's report, it is an opportunity for the company to take steps to close those gaps to protect the company as well as its customers.
- Reconcile debt computations with lenders. If your company is carrying debt, pull statements from the lenders and make sure the interest rates and principal owed match your company's books.[5]
- The auditor will also evaluate who approved the debt, any mention of the debt in company meetings, and whether all debt payments are made in full and on time. Make sure these records are clear and available to the auditor.
- If the company leases work or office space, the auditor will also evaluate the lease agreements and make sure those obligations are being fulfilled according to the terms of the contract.
- Recompute and evaluate expenses. Pull receipts, expense reports, and other expense records and determine their accuracy and legitimacy as business expenses. Unusual items or overly large transactions may be subject to additional scrutiny.[6]
- For example, if a company usually has $800 in utility expenses each month, and one month the expense report notes $8,000 for utility expenses, the auditor would reach out to the utility companies for confirmation of the amount and determine why that month was excessive or if the amount was listed in error.
EditSeeking Confirmations of Transactions - Send letters to customers and vendors for repeat transactions. For particularly large or out-of-the-ordinary transactions, write or call and confirm the amount and details of the transaction. Ask the customer or vendor what their records say rather than simply reading your record and asking for confirmation.[7]
- For example, if the company pays $2,500 to a particular vendor every month, and then in February the company's records show it paid that vendor $7,500, you could contact the vendor and ask what their records showed your company paid in February. If the amount is correct, ask for a detailed statement that could help you figure out why the bill was so high. If the amount is incorrect, adjust your books.
- Verify supporting information for complex account balances. For some transactions, it makes more sense for the auditor to verify supporting information, such as rates, and then recalculate the total that should be there.[8]
- For example, suppose there's a question about 401(k) withdrawals from employee paychecks. You can verify the rate of those withdrawals from employees, then recalculate the amounts that should have been withdrawn. Compare those calculations to the balances in the employees' 401(k) accounts.
- Analyze market data to confirm financial statements. Particularly if the company trades securities on the open market, look at market data to determine whether your valuation in company financial statements is accurate.[9]
- For example, if the company has invested in securities and plans to sell them in 2 years, you could analyze the prevailing market price and performance of those securities to determine their book value.
- Check the terms of unusual transactions. Confusing or unusual transactions may raise flags for auditors, since they indicate a higher risk of fraudulent activity taking place at the company. Identify these transactions in your books and talk to customers or vendors to figure out what was going on.[10]
- For example, a transaction for the purchase of a large amount of products, followed nearly immediately by a return of the proceeds of that sale to the customer without a return of product, might raise audit flags.
- Use intermediaries for related-party transactions. If two managers, company officers, or employees are involved in a transaction, the auditor typically uses third-party records, if available, to confirm the transaction was above board. If you know those records exist, you can go ahead and request them to justify the transaction.[11]
- The auditor will seek out audit evidence from any intermediaries, such as banks, agents, or attorneys, to confirm the business rationale and terms of the transaction.
EditInspecting the Premises - Verify the existence of assets through physical inventory. Something may be listed in the books, but that doesn't mean it's actually present. Particularly in a retail sales environment, regular inventory enables you to correct the books through the auditing process.[12]
- Notes and photos, as well as inventory records, help document this evidence.
- Observe how broken or expired product is disposed of, and which employees have responsibility for marking down that product for the records.
- Interview employees about policies and procedures. Employees may be questioned generally about policies and procedures, or asked specific questions about particular transactions that have raised red flags. While an employee interview on its own may not constitute objective, reliable audit evidence, it may point to other evidence or information.[13]
- Employees in financial and managerial roles in particular should expect to have conversations with the auditor throughout the auditing process.
- In more serious situations, the auditor may submit written questions to employees so that their responses are preserved in writing.
- Look for uncontrolled documents or nonconforming products. Random documents or notes posted on walls or machines may indicate an alternate procedure that doesn't exactly follow policy or that presents security concerns. The same is true for products that aren't kept or stored where they're supposed to be.[14]
- For example, if an auditor of a retail store found piles of product hidden behind a desk in the office rather than out on the sales floor, they would want to determine the status of those products and why they were being segregated from the rest of the inventory.
- Notes taped to machines may indicate that something isn't working properly and needs to be repaired, or that staff members have not been properly trained on how to operate the machine. These random notes become a part of basic policy and procedure, even if their message isn't communicated through standard channels.
- Note poor cleaning or improvised repairs. Walk through the workplace and look for machines or fixtures that have been temporarily "repaired" by employees using duct tape or shims. Implement proper maintenance procedures before the audit to make sure everything is clean and in working order.[15]
- If a workplace is messy, it may indicate that there's a larger issue, or that a problem isn't being adequately addressed. This can raise red flags for auditors.
- Machines and fixtures are business assets that require regular maintenance to live out their service life. If these assets aren't being cleaned, repaired, and maintained properly, the company could lose money.
- It's a good idea to stay on top of these processes even when you're not facing an audit. This will help you maintain good operational safeguards that will protect you in the event of an audit and make the process go smoothly.
- Actively look for positive evidence of things the company is doing right. The audit report will be better received if the auditor can point to practices or policies that are working.[16]
- Make notes in audit reports as specific as possible, so the company can implement new policies and procedures to address the problem.[17]
EditReferences
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| How to Make Anime Movies Posted: 15 Apr 2019 01:00 AM PDT Making an anime movie is a big undertaking, but there are few better ways to display your creativity. Animes fall under many different genres, all of which have varying art styles and stories. After you draft up your movie's features, you will need to draw scenes, animate characters, and add sounds. Combine all of your work into a seamless movie you can share with the world. EditDesigning Your Movie - Select a genre for your film. Animation comes in a variety of flavors. Perhaps you want your movie to be a Shonen action romp with colorful superheroes. Maybe you would rather have a cute, subdued slice of life comedy. The genre you choose informs your decisions on the movie's plot and graphic style.[1]
- Take plenty of time to think about the purpose of your movie. Some genres are more suited to ideas than others. Drama requires a lot of deep emotions from your characters, but a comedy anime needs jokes and clever dialogue.
- If you aren't familiar with genres, search online for descriptions of genres and popular animes that fit them. Watch the recommendations to get ideas on what makes them successful. Starting with genres you are familiar can help, but don't feel limited if you want to try something new.
- Combining genres is possible. A show like Psycho-Pass combines police drama, psychology, and cyberpunk elements.
- Stay flexible. If you discover a different genre is more true to your goals, adjust your film to fit it.
- Pick a conflict for your characters to experience. Let your imagination run wild to find difficult scenarios to put your characters in. You could go global and write about characters saving the world from evil, or you could go smaller and portray characters overcoming life challenges. There are many problems you can set up for your characters, so select something interesting that fits your genre.[2]
- For instance, a lot of action animes like Naruto pit characters against dangerous opponents. On the other hand, a drama like Clannad may focus on interpersonal relationships.
- Pick a graphical style that matches your movie's tone and conflict. Every anime has its own unique graphical style, which is determined by the artist's vision and what tools they have available. Style is a big part of anime and is reflected in character designs and backgrounds. The atmosphere of your movie can change depending on how bright the colors are or how realistic the characters look.[3]
- For instance, you may prefer your comedy movie to look surreal by giving characters exaggerated features like in Pop Team Epic. A more serious anime like The Ancient Magus Bride benefits from more elaborate, detailed characters.
- Studio Ghibli movies, for example, are often very soft and colorful. The characters don't have complicated designs or tons of small details, making them feel welcoming to audiences of all ages.
- For example, horror movies are often dark and gritty. You may choose to draw realistic characters with sharp lines. For a light romance or comedy, you might draw very cute characters with soft colors.
- The background graphics are almost as important as the character design. A dark city with a lot of neon lights, for example, can feel both futuristic and oppressive.
- Create the main characters and their development arc. Your main characters change throughout their story through their involvement in the central conflict. Once you have their graphical design, decide what they are like before and after the events of the movie. Go into as much detail as possible, coming up with ideas such as what each character likes and dislikes, their strengths and weaknesses, and how they react to problems.
- Outlining your character's personality can help you make them feel more real as you write them into the script.
- If a secondary character seems to have an interesting story, explore it! It could become a great part of your movie.
- For a simple idea of character development, think of an anime like Naruto where the main character starts out as a bratty kid but becomes successful through struggles and perseverance.
- Write out the story's script. Get a thick pad of paper or open a word processor document on your computer. Plot out your movie scene by scene. This includes character dialogue and actions you want your characters to take as well as the overarching story.[4]
- When you're finished, go back and read the script. Edit weak spots and errors to make the script flow better. Do this multiple times until you are happy with your work.
EditMaking Preliminary Sketches - Draw your characters to solidify their designs. Sketch a basic design for every character you plan on using in the movie. You can do this with pencil and paper or in an art program on the computer. Your designs don't have to be perfect, but make them as detailed as you can so you know exactly who you are putting in your movie.[5]
- Characters can also include animals and objects. If they play a role in your movie, you may want to sketch them out to perfect them.
- You may need to do multiple sketches before you get a character design you are happy with. Avoid settling for a character design that doesn't mesh well with your movie's concept and art style.
- For computer art, try a program such as Photoshop or Clip Studio Paint.
- Make model sheets to show characters in various poses. Model sheets are basically character blueprints. Each character gets their own model sheet where they are drawn in various ways. They are also drawn with different expressions to finalize their designs and make them consistent no matter where the movie's plot takes them.[6]
- For example, draw your characters from the front, back, and sides. Draw them with a smile, a frown, a look of concern, and confusion.
- Storyboard your script by drawing out each scene. Storyboarding is like making comic strips for your movie. You sketch out the scenes in your script, each scene being a separate panel. Below the panel, write a caption describing what happens in it, including directions like camera movements. You can make your storyboard with paper and pencil or a computer art program.[7]
- Storyboarding is a useful way to lay out the script's plot, finalize the story, and begin converting it to visual media.
- Your sketches do not have to be fully detailed, but make sure you have a clear representation of each scene. Black and white sketches are fine.
- Draw the background locations and costumes. Layouts are preliminary sketches establishing where the movie takes place. These drawings can be kept black and white but need to provide a good idea of the environments your characters will visit. To fully realize these environments, try to make them as detailed as possible.[8]
- Backgrounds affect your characters, their designs, and their personalities. They can almost be treated as characters in their own right!
- Costumes are included in layouts because they are important details for background characters. For main characters, costumes are part of their designs you sketched out earlier.
- For example, a train in a desert can be an important setting for a western anime. Fantasy animes often have colorful backgrounds with castles, while cyberpunk animes have towering cities.
- Stage the scenes by putting your characters in them. Staging involves figuring out where your characters will appear in all of your scenes. Arrange all of your background sketches in chronological order, then mark where your characters will be. Try to imagine where they will go as they move through the scene.[9]
- You may need to make more sketches, such as a closeup of an alley your characters stumble upon.
- Use staging to flesh out your backgrounds and settle upon their final designs.
EditAnimating Your Movie - Choose a computer animation program. Animation work is done by stringing together scenes and character movements in a program. To do this, you need a program that is both easy to use and comprehensive. You can choose between 2D and 3D programs which will give you lots of tools to customize your own movie.[10]
- For 3D work, try a program such as Blender.
- For 2D animation, choose a program like Animaker, Moho, Photoshop, or Pencil2D.
- Before computers, animation cells were hand-drawn. You can still do this, but drawing each scene takes a lot of time, especially if you work alone.
- Make mock-ups of complex and difficult scenes first. The toughest scenes take the most amount of work to get right, so most animators start there. If you drew your scenes by hand, you can redraw them in a graphics program or upload them with a document scanner. Add your characters into the scene to use it as a point of reference.[11]
- Mock-ups, or animatics, help you plan out how a tough scene will look. Use it to determine where you will put in visual effects like lights and shadows as well as other details.
- You don't need to animate these scenes yet. Mock-ups are mostly for staging purposes.
- Model your characters in an art program. You finally get a chance to bring your characters to life. The goal of modeling is to draw a functional version of each character and scene. It is like building the basic skeleton for everything that will appear in your movie. You do not need to add intricate details like every wisp of hair yet.[12]
- Arranging your models into a 3D version of your storyboard may help you imagine the characters in your movie.
- Rig your characters by giving them movement. If modeling gives your characters bones, rigging gives them muscles. To make movement realistic, you need to know where the joints are, like the knees, hips, elbows, and shoulders on a person. Use your animation program to give each character their proper range of motion.[13]
- Remember to give mechanical objects realistic movement too! Even if they aren't alive, they need to look convincing.
- With anime, you can often exaggerate movements. Think of how exaggerated some hero poses are or how low eyes and mouths drop in shock.
- Color and add textures to your models. Begin adding details to your characters and backgrounds to improve their visual quality. Color in your character's hair color, outfit, and other details. Also add color to the world around them, including small details like the lines in wood or rust stains on metal. This can be a slow process, but the movie world will look so much livelier when you're done!
- You may notice that some of your models don't look right. This is a common part of the editing process. When flaws appear, go back to the modeling stage and fix them.
- Place light sources in your scenes. Arranging the lighting is tricky since you need to be aware of everything in the scene. A nearby window, candle, or another light source illuminates an area. The light needs to come into the scene in a realistic way and seem believable to the audience. You also need to draw in shadows, such as behind characters when light strikes them from the front.[14]
- Light has an effect on the mood of a scene. A scene with low light can seem romantic, like a dinner date, or it can feel scary, like in a dingy prison. Aim for lighting that sets the proper tone.
- Materials can determine how light interacts. A reflective surface like a mirror may appear harsh, bright, and blinding, for instance.
- If you are unsure how to light up a scene, try replicating it in real life. Study the way sunlight comes in through a window, then incorporate your observations into your work.
- Animate your art frame by frame to turn it into a movie. After getting all the artwork done, you need to connect scenes together into a cohesive whole. This is done putting your characters and their world into motion. During each cell of animation, characters and other aspects of the world move slightly. Connect a bunch of movements together and you will have action in your movie![15]
- You can create motion by arranging your scenes in subsequent order and hitting the play button in your animation program.
- Think of a flipbook. If you flip the pages quickly, you create the illusion of motion from page to page. Making an anime movie is similar.
EditGiving Your Movie Sound - Download a sound program to make sounds. Any good sound editing program allows you to both record new sounds and import pre-existing sounds. You will need the sound editing program for tasks like changing the volume and the length of sound files. Open the sound files into your animation program to add them to your movie.[16]
- Purchase a program such as Adobe Audition or make use of a free program like Audacity.
- Record voice-overs for your character dialogue. Someone needs to read the script you painstakingly wrote. Choose a good voice actor for each character and record their voices with a microphone. Load the clips into an audio program on your computer, then listen to them to see how good they sound.[17]
- Good dialogue sounds fluid and passionate. The voice actors should speak like you imagine the characters would sound. Make the dialogue believable.
- Expect to record portions of the dialogue multiple times. Getting it to sound right is worth it.
- Edit the dialogue into your movie. Match the dialogue clips to the scenes they belong in. You will need to work slowly, making sure each line syncs with the animation. If the characters open their mouths when they aren't supposed to, your movie won't feel immersive.[18]
- You may need to go back and reanimate some portions to make them fit the dialogue.
- Add sound effects to your movie. Sounds like dogs barking, birds chirping, and trash cans rattling all add depth and atmosphere to scenes. You can usually find most of these sounds in royalty-free libraries online. However, if you want unique sounds, consider recording them yourself.[19]
- For instance, if your movie has a scene with a car driving away from the character, recreate the scene. You can have someone else drive the car away from you as you capture it with a sound recorder.
- You may be able to make custom sounds. Use your voice or a computer program to create sounds without having to record them.
- Fill empty scenes with background music as needed. If you need to add more sound to your movie, get royalty-free background music or make your own in a sound editing program. Background music can be used at any time, but you have to be careful with the sound mixing. Edit the audio levels so the music does not overwhelm dialogue and sound effects.[20]
- Music can be used to start and end your movie. A soaring tune can be good for a sweeping shot of a landscape, for instance.
- Monitor sound levels carefully. You can put music behind dialogue, such as by setting the music at a low level the audience can faintly hear as characters speak.
- Keep in mind ways that music affects atmosphere. A cheerful tune has a different feel than a mournful dirge, especially when you place it in a dark, violent scene.
- Finalize the music for the title sequences and end credits. Before publishing your movie, bookend them with intro and outro scenes. Your music choice is very important here since it starts and ends your movie. Create the scenes, type in the movie title or production credits, then give them music befitting the events of your movie.
- Title screens are often worked into the first scenes of the movie so they feel more natural and engaging.
- End credit scenes are often black backgrounds with overlaid text and music. If you want, you can add art or animation, but keep it simple so everyone can see who made the movie!
- Creating a movie is an individual process. Your process, or "pipeline," may look different from someone else's. Doing things out of order is okay.
- Work with other people. Professional movies have many people working different roles, such as an animator, lighting specialist, director, and modeler.
- Getting a good movie requires preparation. You need to draft your script and characters before you can make them a significant part of your movie.
EditThings You'll Need - Paper
- Pencil
- Computer
- Word processor program
- Animation program
- Sound editing program
EditReferences
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