| How to Tie a Scarf Around the Neck Posted: 17 Oct 2016 05:00 PM PDT Tying a scarf is simple, the hard part is choosing which style you're going to sport on your occasion. For over ten different ways to tie a scarf, continue reading. EditThe Modern One Loop - Drape scarf over shoulder, with one end slightly longer than the other end.
- Loop the longer end around your neck once.
- Adjust loop over neck and balance out the ends of the scarf. Ends can either be same length or slightly different.
EditThe Bunny Ear - Drape scarf over shoulder, with one end significantly longer than the other end.
- Loop the longer end around your neck twice in the same direction.
- Take the same end you looped around your neck and fit it through the second loop.
- Tie a simple overhand knot with both ends of the scarf.
- Fit the loops over the knot so that two ends are dangling off the loop, slightly to the side.
EditThe Turtleneck - Drape scarf over shoulder, with one end significantly longer than the other end.
- Loop the longer end around your neck three or four times in the same direction.
- Tie a simple overhand knot with both ends of the scarf, and then tie another overhand knot to get rid of most excess fabric.
- Fit the knot underneath the loop so that no excess fabric is showing.
EditThe Infinity Loop - Drape scarf over shoulder so that both ends are equidistant.
- At the very bottom of both ends, tie an overhand knot.
- Tie another overhand knot to ensure that the first knot does not slip.
- Take the loop (shaped like an "O") and twist it so that it's shaped like an "8".
- Drape the bottom loop of the "8" over your head.
EditThe Quick Toss - Drape scarf over shoulder, with one end slightly longer than the other end.
- Loop the longer end over your neck, but not fully around. The scarf should be hanging down from your back.
EditThe European Loop - Fold the scarf in half lengthwise.
- Drape folded scarf over shoulder, with the non-folded end significantly longer than the folded end.
- Fit the non-folded end into the loop created by the folded end and tighten.
EditThe Celebrity Loop - Drape scarf over shoulder, with one end significantly longer than the other end.
- Loop the longer end around your neck three times in the same direction.
- Fit the end when you loop through the third loop so that it's dangling down underneath the loop.
- Fit the non-looped end over and into the third loop .
EditThe Waterfall - Drape scarf over shoulder, with one end significantly longer than the other end.
- Loop the longer end around your neck one time.
- Take the end you used to loop and secure it by the top corner.
- Fit the top corner into the loop at the side of the neck. When done properly, the unattached side dangles down like a waterfall.
EditThe Magic Trick - Drape scarf over shoulder, with one end slightly longer than the other end.
- Loop the longer end around your neck once.
- Using the non-looped end, tug a little bit of the fabric through the loop, forming a semi-circle.
- Fit the looped end through the semi-circle.
- Adjust both ends to balance out the scarf.
EditThe Braid - Fold the scarf in half lengthwise.
- Drape folded scarf over shoulder, with the non-folded end significantly longer than the folded end.
- Fit the non-folded end into the loop created by the folded end, leaving space at the end of the fold.
- Twist the folded end over itself, forming an "8."
- Fit the rest of the non-folded end into the second loop created by the twist.
- Adjust and balance out the scarf.
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| How to Understand Depression Posted: 17 Oct 2016 09:00 AM PDT Depression can be described in many ways; at its core depression involves the experience of an extended period of sadness or a loss of interest in life. [1] To really understand and be able to talk about depression, one must get a sense of what depression feels like, know how it is caused, and understand how its expression may vary across the sexes. EditUnderstanding What Depression Feels Like - Understand the daily cycle of depression. For someone who is depressed, life is a series of bouts of dread followed by bouts of energy. Depression can be marked by exhaustion at the end of the day, which leads to a deep sleep, that despite the time is often not restful. [2] Then, the mornings are greeted with dread and anxiety that make it difficult to get out of bed. That emotional exhaustion become a weight that holds onto the person, making just rising out of bed seem like an insurmountable task. It gives the feeling that the person is suffocating or drowning in despair. It's a heavy burden to bear.
- However, this can be followed by a burst of energy that can allow the person to accomplish a whole range of activities while it lasts. Following the energy burst there is a feeling of exhaustion once more which starts the whole vicious cycle again. It can seem like an inescapable cycle.
- Know that the emotional pain can lead to literal pain. Depression can manifest itself as a physical-feeling pain with no specific origin and no body part in particular. In fact, depression diagnoses can be difficult to make sometimes because patients sometimes only discuss their physical symptoms.[3]
- This pain is often chronic and typically involves multiple bodily areas, meaning it tends to stick around for long periods of time.[4]
- Learn that depression makes everything more difficult. With depression, any kind of movement can feel like a major chore. For some, it's nearly impossible to handle day-to-day tasks. It becomes difficult to get up and to do more than just roll over in bed. It seems to require a veritable plan to even go across the room — the depressed person may need to work up the energy just to do so. [5]
- There can be a difficulty carrying on a conversation, because the effort to express oneself can seem too great. This inability to move physically manifests in just about any form — even mere thought requires work, much less conversation.
- Expect a change in perspective. The way the surroundings look can be affected by depression. When reality looks bleaker, it is difficult for one to maintain a sunny disposition. Even the sun can look less cheerful in its sheen and feel like it's lost some of its warmth. Everything gets cast in a grayer glow. Those will less severe depression may experience something called "depressive realism." People typically have a bias to see the world and themselves in a positive light, but this fades away with depressive realism.[6]
- Dark days take on a more gloomy tone and mornings do not appear to have the gloss of newness with untold possibilities. Whatever optimism the person had, it's now gone — regardless of what positive events ensue.
- Realize that enjoyable things are no longer enjoyable. This is also called anhedonia. It means that the things that used to be enjoyed, cherished and anticipated have much less of an impact for someone who's suffering from depression [7]
- For example, nature lovers no longer feel that sense of calm and peacefulness when taking a walk in natural surroundings. Flowers lose their scent and music sounds discordant. Money, love, making artwork, partying — it all lacks a certain glamour it may have once had for the depressed person.
- Everything becomes shrouded in cloudiness and a heaviness that is difficult to bear. It seems like one's world is moving at a slower, duller pace than everyone else's. Things just generally seem "off."[8]
- Grasp the seriousness of finding your own emotions disturbing. For the depressed person, there is a great sense of hopelessness and it may seem that nothing brings about positive emotions. This extreme emotional pain and lack of joyful feelings can be incredibly overwhelming. This emotional pain may seem to just get worse and worse, seemingly for no reason.[9]
- A depressed person might have bouts of crying for no obvious reason. There may be feelings of irritation towards family and friends for simply doing the things they normally do or behaving the way they normally behave.
- Understand how it makes one virtually unemotional. Depression may cause the person to be empty, numb, and unable to feel emotionally. This lack of feeling can make one seem completely alone even when surrounded by family and friends.[10]
- The feeling that one is in a cloud or a bubble away from others is also a possibility. The depressed person may feel as if no one around him can truly understand what he's going through; that feeling alone might worsen the underlying depression.
- Know that death seems like a plausible alternative. The pain and trauma of depression can be so real and persistent that suicide seems like a logical, sensible answer. The depressed person might speak of and attempt on multiple occasions to commit suicide. This is because they can see no end to the feelings of isolation, worthlessness and despair except through the putative relief of suicide.[11]
- When life has no real meaning, death doesn't seem like that big of a deal. It's not so much that you want to die, but that you don't want to live. The depressed person may feel no interest or may not take any joy in life, so life may seem pointless.
- If someone feels this way, has thoughts, and a plan to carry out the suicide — whether it's someone you know or if it's you yourself — seek help immediately. Call the National Suicide Prevention Hotline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255), a therapist, friend, doctor, or family member for help.
- Know the difference between depression and the blues. Everyone gets sad sometimes, but depression is different. It is not just a typical bout of the blues. Instead, depression tends to involve:[12]
- A bleak outlook on life wherein one feels hopeless.
- A loss of interest or joy for life wherein what used to be enjoyable isn't at all anymore.
- Weight problems wherein a depressed person can lose or gain 5% of her normal weight in a very short amount of time.
- Sleeping issues such as insomnia or excessive sleep.
- Temper issues wherein the depressed individual may lash out or be irritable or easily frustrated.
- Feeling fatigued and sluggish and without the energy to accomplish even simple tasks.
- Feelings of guilt wherein the depressed individual berates herself or won't let herself off the hook for something she perceives that she has done.
- Suicidal thoughts or reckless behavior wherein the thought of death is entertained and perhaps fantasized about or seen as a means of a convenient escape; this lack of caring for living can lead to impulsive or reckless actions.
EditUnderstanding the Causes and Consequences of Depression - Know the etiology of depression. Although depression may not have a single cause, and it's not exactly known what causes it, there are some factors that are predictive of an individual coming down with depression, including:[13][14]
- The death of a loved one.
- Separation from a loved one.
- Financial loss.
- Dramatic life changes such as relocating to a different city, retirement, or changing jobs.
- Conflicts in personal life such as divorce, disputes.
- Burnout or too much work.
- Additional responsibilities such as the birth of a baby or having to take care of sick parents or relatives.
- Conflicts in professional life such as changing roles and responsibilities that are not in sync with the person's interests and skills.
- Physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.
- Debilitating diseases and illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, Parkinson's, heart diseases, or cancer.
- Changes in the brain. Sometimes depression happens for "no good reason."
- However, a certain amount of sadness or difficult feelings are normal when bad things happen. If things don't improve after around 6 monnths, that's when a bigger problem is assumed to be at hand.
- Realize how common depression is. Depression affects 6–7% of the total adult population in the US alone.[15] The majority (70%) of diagnosed cases are seen in women — however this may be in part because women may be more comfortable than men in seeking treatment for depression and/or because of the higher risk of suicide in men.
- Suicide (a behavior associated with depression) is relatively common, too, being a leading cause of death nearly as common as influenza and pneumonia.[16]
- Look for signs of insecurity that drive the person away from others. The person's feelings of self-worth and self-confidence take a beating day in and day out thanks to their negative thought patterns. They are constantly pursued by thoughts which tell them they are not good enough, not lovable, wanted, or competent enough to be liked by others. They have persistent feelings that their company is not something people long for. So, in their mind, it's better to avoid interacting or mingling with people no matter how close they have been to those people in the past.
- Depression affects the thought process and information processing facilities of the person which in turn slows down their thinking, response, and decision-making capacities. This inability negatively impacts their self-confidence which compel them to keep away from family and friends. This includes deliberately staying away from activities which the person once enjoyed as well.
- Lethargy can also impact the person's ability to spend time with others.
- Notice if the person takes up bad habits. With a view to overcome this self-imposed isolation, anxiety and loneliness, some people try to seek refuge in alcohol, drugs, and junk food high in sugars and carbohydrates. Alcohol, sugars and carbohydrates do the job of making them feel good and elevating their mood, but only for a brief period. However, it's the same disastrous feelings once the good feelings wear off. Unfortunately, eating disorders and anxiety go hand in hand with depression.
- Some people go off the other end and don't eat. The person just doesn't have a desire anymore. Try to notice any weight changes and if the person eats around you. It's not their diet, it's just their mind thinking, "Why bother?"
- Expect changes in job performance. A depressed person's information processing facilities, together with their feelings of inadequacy and low self-concept, can result in faltering concentration, productivity, performance and competence. Often, depressed people suffer at work or while attempting any activity that requires a keen mental edge.[17]
- People with depression also have sleep problems such as insomnia or hypersomnia (sleeping too much).[18] Some health problems such as headaches, stomachaches, back pain, constipation, diarrhea are some symptoms which are common in people with depression, too.[19] All of these can affect job performance, in turn.
- Look for weight changes. Depression is associated with weight gain or in some cases severe weight loss, which can be one of the consequences of depression. It is not clear, however, whether depression always follows from or causes weight changes. For example, someone may become obese and then become depressed at their new self-image and perceived lack of self-control. [20]
EditUnderstanding Differences Between Genders - Understand that men are more likely to hide their feelings. Differences do exist in the way men and women experience depression or in the way they present their symptoms and sometimes it's in the most glaring manner.[21] Specifically, men are less likely to show depression through their feelings and emotions. They are less vocal about expressing feelings of sadness, hopelessness and worthlessness.
- Instead, they might show their depression by getting angry and frustrated at the slightest provocations.[22] They are more likely to present their symptoms in the form of being irritable. Men may also be more likely to complain of tiredness and sleeplessness regularly and show decreased interest in once enjoyed activities.[23]
- Realize that a man with depression may avoid social connections. Because of this painful juxtaposition between how they feel and how society wants them to feel, men make great efforts to minimize their chances of having to spend time with family and friends as much as possible. They instead push themselves more and more into their work, or may turn to drugs or alcohol for relief. [24]
- Pay attention to a change in sexual habits. Depression in men can give rise to issues in their sex life. It can cause a loss of interest in sex and can contribute to causing erectile dysfunction. [25]
- Men prefer to use socially favorable and socially acceptable nomenclature to mask their symptoms of depression. They are likely to emphasize attributing their symptoms to stress rather than depression.
- Know how suicide affects men and women differently. Though women are more likely to attempt suicide, it is men who have higher mortality rates because of suicide. It is because men tend to act quickly, instantly, and hastily on suicidal thoughts and also use more lethal means, such as guns, to complete their suicide attempt. Women, on the other hand, are more open about their thoughts are are prone to less active or guaranteed suicidal behaviors, like overdosing on pills.[26]
- Men are also less likely to indicate their intentions to others. With fewer warning signs from them, friends and family are not likely to intervene.
- Understand that depression is more prevalent in women than in men. However, it is possible that more women are more comfortable reporting it, or that men assume they don't have it when women do. However, assuming women are more likely to be depressed than men, the reasons could be any of the following:[27]
- Hormonal changes.
- Pregnancy.
- Menopause.
- Hypothyroidism.[28]
- Chronic illnesses (Studies show that illness is comorbid with depression more often in women than in men).
- Know how hormone cycles can affect women. Hormones have a direct relationship with the chemicals in the brain that are in charge of influencing our mood and emotions. Hormonal fluctuations are common during the menstrual cycle, menopause, pregnancy and post-delivery. This can start out as episodic (temporary, to make the explanation short) and lead to chronic depression (a lifelong battle). [29]
- To add to the hormonal changes, the additional responsibilities that come with the arrival of a baby are enormous and can be overwhelming for some women which can lead to depression — specifically postpartum depression.
- Men also have hormones, and this could affect their depression as well.
- See how the pressure women are under can lead to depression. Psychosocial factors are also linked to high rates of depression in women.[30] Women can feel pressure to be expected to handle more than their fair share of responsibilities such as in caring for family, working a part-time or full-time job, and taking on the stress and strains of keeping relationships strong and intact.
- Facing sexism may also take a toll on women. For example, a woman who faces sexual harassment at work may become depressed.
- Be aware that the seasons may affect women more than men. Depression that comes with the onset of a particular season, called Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), is more prevalent among women.[31] This form of depression passes with the onset of warmer seasons such as spring and summer but comes back with the onset of winter. Though the cause of this depression is different, the symptoms are the same — sadness, mood swings, anxiety, cravings for foods high in sugars and carbohydrates, and sleep problems are all prevalent.
- SAD is one such form of depression which is caused by lack of/exposure to adequate sunlight. This is mostly experienced by people living in cold places where winters and snow are intense and severe.[32]
- If you need to describe depression to someone, try also asking someone else who has experienced depression to talk with you about it.
- If you are trying to describe your own depression and are suicidal, call the National Suicide Prevention Hotline to try to talk things through: 1-800-273-TALK (8255)
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| How to Become a Citizen of France Posted: 17 Oct 2016 01:00 AM PDT If you're contemplating moving to France, you might want to consider obtaining French citizenship. A French citizen is entitled to permanently live, work, and vote in France, and has access to government-offered public benefits. French citizenship also entitles you to certain rights and privileges in the other European Union countries, such as being able to live and work in any of these countries without the need for special visas or applying for a work permit.[1] This article explores various ways to obtain French citizenship. EditBecoming a French Citizen Through Naturalization - Obtain a residency visa. Before you can apply for citizenship through naturalization, you'll have to get the appropriate visa or entry permit.[2] The general rule is that you'll need to apply to the French consulate where you live, to begin the process.[3] You can check here for consulate locations. The process takes about two weeks for a U.S. citizen, and approximately two months for other nationalities.[4] To apply for a residency visa you'll need:
- A valid passport
- Application form and long-term application annex
- Eight passport-size photos per individual
- Financial guarantees, such as a letter from your bank manager stating that you have sufficient income or means to live in France, or proof of a retirement pension
- Proof of medical insurance that covers you for any necessary treatment you might need in France
- Proof of lodging in France, such as a lease, title to a property, or a letter from a legal resident stating that he or she will provide for your accommodation.[5]
- Live in France for five consecutive years. This is a prerequisite to obtaining French citizenship through naturalization. However, if you've successfully completed two years of higher education in France, the five-year residency period can be reduced to two years.[6]
- Sign the Reception and Integration Contract (CAI). This is a document used by the French immigration agency (OFII) to make sure that foreign nationals arriving in France "assimilate into French society". You'll sign the CAI at your residence, and it's valid for one year. After that, the French government will evaluate you to make sure you've met the CAI requirements, some of which are:
- Take the oral and written French test. If you don't meet the expected level of proficiency, you'll have to take classes (for free) to improve your skills.
- Complete civics training. The purpose of this is to raise your awareness of such things as the equality between men and women, and basic liberties. You receive the training at no cost to you.
- Attend an information session. This is geared to presenting you with details about access to public services, such as housing, healthcare and childcare. Attendance is required, and is free.[7]
- Submit your application. Assuming you've met the naturalization requirements, you'll have to bring your application and accompanying documentation to the local prefecture where you live. You'll need:
- national ID or passport
- birth certificate
- proof of address
- marriage certificate (if applicable)
- You may also need proof that you're employed, and that you don't have a criminal record.[8]
- Complete any requested interviews and additional paperwork. Your application materials will be assessed by the police, the mayor's office, and possibly other government departments. They'll advise you if they want to speak with you and/or if they need any additional information. This whole process can take around two years to complete.[9] Be aware that French immigration policies have become more restrictive since 2006.[10]
EditAttaining Citizenship Through Birth - Request citizenship if you were born in France to foreign parents. An individual born in France to parents who weren't French citizens can claim the right to French citizenship at age 16, and receive full citizenship benefits at age 18. Check with your local prefecture for instructions on how to proceed. You'll have to prove that France was your main residence for at least five years since age 11.[11] Some methods of proof might be:
- A home ownership deed or apartment/house lease
- Tax bills and/or utility receipts
- School transcripts
- File a birth record for a child not born in France. A child born to a French parent is also entitled to French citizenship. The parent must file evidence of the birth in the French civil register.[12] If the parent isn't living in France, birth registration forms can be obtained at the local French consulate. Forms may vary depending on whether the parent registers the birth before or after 30 days of the birth date. Either way, the parent will need:
- The birth certificate from the country in which the child was born, and
- Proof of the parent's French citizenship, such as a photocopy of the front and back of a valid French National ID card.[13]
- Petition for a French nationality certificate. To complete a request for citizenship for a child who wasn't born in France, but has a French parent, you must obtain a nationality certificate. You can get this from the local court (Tribunal d'Instance) where you reside in France. If you don't reside in France, you can request the certificate through the Nationality Office in Paris.[14]
EditAcquiring Citizenship by Marriage - Marry a French citizen. If you're a non-citizen living in France, but you've been married to a French citizen for at least four years, you can apply for French citizenship. You'll apply at your local prefecture, as indicated in Method 1 - Step 4, above.
- Live in France for at least one year without interruption before submitting the application. You must also still be married at the time of the application. Additionally, your spouse must have retained his or her French citizenship.[15]
- Sign the Reception and Integration Contract (CAI). If you're the foreign spouse of a French citizen, the French immigration agency will require that you sign the CAI referenced earlier in this article. You must also complete all the CAI requirements, such as the oral and written French test, civics training, and information session.[16]
EditObtaining Citizenship By Serving in the French Foreign Legion - Meet the French Foreign Legion's basic requirements. To apply for service in the French Foreign Legion, which is a French military group that accepts recruits from around the world, you will need to meet certain administrative, physical, and medical requirements.
- Administratively, you must: have a valid passport; know how to read and write in your native language; and be between 17 1/2 and 39 1/2 years old.[17]
- Physically, your body mass index should be between 20 and 30.[18]
- Medically, you should have a clean history free from permanent physical ailments (e.g., cancer, poor eyesight, or poor hearing) or surgeries affecting your bodily functions (e.g., damaged meniscus, whole fingers missing, or kneecap dislocations).[19]
- Get information and fill out a registration form. If you meet all of the minimum requirements, you can register by going, in person, to one of the many Foreign Legion Information Desks.[20] A list of Information Desk locations can be found here. At the Information Desk, you will receive a registration form and you will open your application.[21] This process takes about two days.[22]
- Attend pre-selection examinations. Once you open your application, you will be sent to a pre-selection center in either Paris or Aubagne.[23] At the pre-selection center you will take part in a series of examinations. This process will take about seven days to complete.[24]
- First, you will take part in a motivation interview, which is meant to test your degree of motivation and your ability to serve.[25]
- Second, you will take part in preliminary sporting tests meant to assess your physical abilities.[26] Generally, you will be required to complete three push-ups and an endurance test.[27]
- Third, you will take part in an initial medical examination, which will ensure you meet the minimum medical requirements necessary to serve.[28]
- Fourth, you will complete your registration form.[29]
- Sign a five-year enlistment contract. Once you complete the pre-selection examinations, you will be required to sign a five year service contract.[30]
- Pass selection tests. After you sign your five year contract, you will be sent to the Selection and Incorporation Center of Aubagne, which is where you will take part in the next phase of testing. There, you will take part in psychological and technical tests; logic tests; security interviews; and personality tests.[31] This process will take about 14 days.[32]
- If you pass all of these selection tests, which is determined by a selection committee, your five year commitment will officially be accepted.[33]
- If you do not pass these selection tests, you will be sent home.[34]
- Complete training. If you are accepted, you will complete a four month training.[35] This training will cover:
- Introductions to military life;
- Marching;
- Technical and hands-on training;
- Mountain training;
- Exams; and
- Driving techniques.[36]
- Serve the French Foreign Legion for three years. After training, you will continue to serve your five year commitment by serving in one of the 11 regiments of the Foreign Legion.[37] Three years into your five year commitment, you will have the ability to apply for French citizenship.[38]
- Besides two years of higher education, France allows certain other exceptions to the five year nationalization residency period. These are less common, but worth inquiring about when you apply for your residency visa. [39]
- France allows dual nationality with some other countries, including the United States.[40]
- Once you've completed the naturalization process, any unmarried dependents automatically become French citizens if they live with you and are included in the naturalization decree.[41]
- Consider applying for permanent residency instead of citizenship. The permanent resident card (carte de resident) is good for ten years and is renewable. A permanent resident will receive most of the same benefits as a citizen. However, you won't have voting privileges or the right to run for public office. The requirements for permanent residency may be easier to meet than those for obtaining citizenship.[42]
- Be careful not to give up any dual citizenship rights that you want to keep. Check to see whether, by becoming a French citizen, you might be abandoning your current citizenship. If you have any concerns in this area, it may be wise to consult with an immigration attorney.[43]
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