| How to Prevent Migraines Posted: 17 Jan 2017 04:00 PM PST The best treatment for people who suffer frequent or severe migraine headaches is prevention. There are a number of things you can do to stop a migraine before it starts, which is best done by finding your personal triggers for migraines. Lifestyle changes have been proven to reduce the severity and frequency of migraines in many people. You can follow a few simple steps to find your migraine triggers and help prevent migraines. EditControlling Common Triggers - Prevent low blood sugar. Low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia, can cause migraines. It is brought on by lack of nutrients or by eating too many refined carbohydrates, which turn to sugar in the blood. Small frequent meals are important if you want to control your blood sugar. Do not skip any meal throughout the day. Avoid refined carbohydrates like sugar and white bread. Whole grain breads should be fine.
- For each of your small meals, choose options such as fresh fruits and vegetables with a protein like an egg or lean meats. This will help you keep your blood sugar steady throughout the day.[1]
- Avoid foods with tyramine and nitrites. Tyramine is a substance that can release a chemical in your brain called norepinephrine, which can lead to headaches. There are many common foods containing tyramine or nitrites. Foods such as eggplant, potatoes, sausage, bacon, ham, spinach, sugar, aged cheese, beer, and red wine contain these compounds.
- Other tyramine-containing foods include chocolate, fried food, bananas, plums, broad beans, tomatoes, and citrus fruit.
- Foods with high levels of seasoning such as MSG or artificial additives might also contribute to triggering a migraine.
- Soy products, particularly fermented ones, can contain high tyramine levels. Tofu, soy sauce, teriyaki sauce, and miso are examples of such soy products. [2][3]
- Be aware of food allergies. An allergy to a certain type of food can trigger a migraine in susceptible people. This is caused by the inflammation that happens with an allergic reaction. Try to avoid all foods that you are allergic to as well as those you think you might be allergic to.
- If you find yourself with a migraine, list what foods you have had throughout the day. This way, you can keep track and start to pinpoint which foods are causing your allergies. You can also get allergy tested by your doctor.
- Common food allergies include wheat, nuts, dairy, and certain grains.[4]
- If you have established which foods seem to trigger your migraines, eliminate them from your diet. If you aren't sure, go without the food for a period of time to see how you feel and respond. Alternatively, you could ask your doctor about testing for food allergies.
- Be aware that not everyone will have the same food triggers or responses. A food that triggers a migraine in someone else may not do the same for you.
- Stay hydrated. One of the major triggers of migraines is dehydration. Since the body needs so much water a day, the body responds to a lack of water by causing pain and discomfort. It causes other symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and dizziness.[5]
- The best source of hydration is plain water. Other beverages that are low in (or free of) sugar or artificial sweeteners and caffeine-free can also help you stay hydrated.
- Avoid certain types of lights. When trying to prevent migraines, you should avoid bright light. Certain colors of light can also trigger migraines in some people. This sensitivity is called photophobia. It happens when the light increases your headache pain. Nerve cells inside the eye called neurons are activated with bright light. [6]
- When this happens, it can take 20-30 minutes of darkness to start to relieve the pain because the neurons are still active.[7]
- Limit your exposure to intense stimuli. Since bright or flashing lights can sometimes lead to migraines, you should wear sunglasses on sunny days or even bright winter days. The glare from snow, water, or buildings can trigger a migraine response. Sunglasses should contain good quality lenses with side panels if possible. Some migraine sufferers find that tinted lenses are helpful.[8]
- Rest your eyes periodically when watching TV or using your computer. Adjust the brightness and contrast levels on computer screens and TV screens. If you're using a screen that reflects, decrease the reflection with filters, or by drawing blinds and curtains when the sun is shining.
- Non-visual stimuli, such as strong scents, can also cause migraines in some people. Once you've been exposed to a certain scent that seems to trigger a migraine, try to avoid that scent.[9]
- Reduce your exposure to loud noise when possible. Migraines can be triggered by loud noises, especially when they are continuous. The reason for this is unclear, but some scientists think that migraine sufferers may not be able to suppress loud noises. Others suggests that the inner ear channel may be the cause.[10]
- Notice weather changes. Changes in the weather or climate, which is linked to the barometric pressure, can trigger a migraine. A dry atmosphere or a warm, dry wind can have an effect on your body that causes a headache. This happens because of the imbalance of chemicals in your body due to the pressure change. [11]
EditImplementing Lifestyle Changes - Eat protective foods. Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and quality protein. Eat lots of dark green vegetables such as broccoli, spinach, and kale. You can also eat eggs, yogurt, and low-fat milk to gain healthy proteins. These foods contain vitamin B which helps prevent migraines.
- Eat foods rich in magnesium. Magnesium relaxes blood vessels and ensures proper cell function. Magnesium-rich foods include nuts such as almonds and cashews, whole grains, wheat germ, soybeans, avocados, yogurt, dark chocolate, and green leafy vegetables.[12][13]
- Oily fish may help prevent migraines. Consume oily fish such as salmon, tuna, sardines, or anchovies three times a week to increase your omega-3 and fatty acids intake.[14][15]
- Quit smoking. Tobacco use is known to trigger migraines. If you feel that you cannot quit on your own, talk to your physician about strategies or medications that can help you quit. [16]
- One study has shown that smoking more than 5 cigarettes per day is more likely to trigger migraines. If you are unable to quit, limiting yourself to fewer than 5 each day might have some benefit.[17]
- Avoid caffeine. Caffeine is something that affects people in different ways. Some people find that caffeine triggers their migraines, while others are helped by caffeine. If you regularly use caffeine and suspect it may be causing migraines, try to cut back a little at a time. Sudden caffeine withdrawal can precipitate migraines, so be aware of that and wean yourself off of caffeine slowly.[18][19]
- Caffeine is the prime ingredient in some migraine relief medications, so it is known to help. If you are an everyday caffeine drinker, caffeine may not help you because your body may have already built up a tolerance.
- Include caffeine containing food and beverage in your migraine diary and elimination trials to see the effects in your own case.
- Get more sleep on a regular schedule. A disturbed sleep routine reduces your energy and tolerance to certain stimuli. Lack of sleep and insomnia increases the chances of a migraine. Too much sleep can also cause a migraine. If your body is not getting adequate rest, then headaches happen because of the lack of a regular sleep pattern.[20][21]
- Migraines may also happen when you get more sleep than usual, change your working shifts, or suffer from jet lag.
- Limit your alcohol intake. For many migraine sufferers, alcohol can trigger headaches, nausea, and other migraine symptoms that last for days. There is a lot of tyramine, a trigger ingredient, in alcohol, especially in beer and red wine. Make use of your headache diary to determine your threshold.
- Some migraine sufferers find that alcohol doesn't affect them at all, while others can't tolerate even a little bit.[22]
- Manage or avoid stress. Migraines tend to worsen with stress because of muscle tension and increased dilation of blood vessels. Managing stress through the use of relaxation techniques, positive thinking, and time management can help ward off migraines. Relaxation and the use of biofeedback have also been shown to help many migraine sufferers treat a migraine that has already begun. Biofeedback is the person's ability to control their vital signs, like temperature, pulse, and blood pressure by doing relaxation techniques.[23][24]
- Use relaxation exercises, such as meditation, breathing, yoga, and prayer.[25]
- Exercise often. Regular exercise can reduce the frequency of migraines for many people. It helps reduce stress and boosts your mood. It will also relieve muscle tension that can bring on migraines. Sudden or strenuous exercise, however, has also been implicated as a migraine trigger, so don't overdo it. In addition, warm up slowly, and make sure you're well hydrated before and after exercise. Avoiding exercise in particularly hot or cold conditions may also help.[26]
- Aim to keep your posture in good shape. Poor posture can trigger head pain because of the tension in your muscles.[27]
- Use a humidifier. Dry air can increase chances of a migraine. This is due to the number of positively charged ions in the atmosphere. This raises your serotonin levels, neurotransmitters that increase during a migraine. To help the air, use a humidifier or boil water often to add moisture to the air.[28]
EditTaking Medications - Evaluate your hormonal medications. Many women who suffer from migraines find that they are more likely to develop migraine headaches and nausea before or during menstruation. This can also happen during pregnancy or menopause. Scientists think that this may have something to do with fluctuations in the body's estrogen levels. If pre-period migraines are a problem for you, you might need to avoid or change the way you use oral contraceptives with estrogen in them because the drop in estrogen may be worse when taking them, creating worse headaches.
- High-estrogen birth control products and hormone replacement therapy may worsen the problem for many women. It may be best to avoid these medications. If you're already taking them and notice an increase in the severity or frequency of migraines, talk to your doctor about discontinuing use.[29][30]
- Be aware that the solution may not be as simple as removing oral contraceptives from your routine. Some women find that they help reduce the occurrences of migraines. Others find that migraines are triggered only when they are off of the active pills for a week each month. You can change to a different type of pill to help or you may take the active pills continuously without a break. Talk to your doctor about possible solutions to these problems.[31]
- Take preventative medications. If you suffer from frequent or severe migraines, ask your doctor about preventative medications. These medications, also known as prophylactic medications, are available only by prescription. Many have possible serious side effects, so they should only be used under a doctor's supervision and only after discussing all the other preventive possibilities. Because of the number of medications available and the uniqueness of every migraine case, finding the right preventative combination can take a while.[32]
- Cardiovascular medications, including beta blockers such as propranolol and atenolol, calcium channel blockers such as verapamil, and anti-hypertension medications such as lisinopril and candesartan, can be taken to help with migraines.
- Anti-seizure medications such as valproic acid and topiramate can help with migraines. Be aware that valproic acid can cause brain damage if the migraines are due to a urea cycle disorder.
- Antidepressants including tricyclic, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine have proven effective in many migraine cases. These medications in their normal doses may have significant unwanted side effects, but newer tricyclics such as nortriptyline used in a low dose to treat migraines have far more limited side effects.
- Cannabis is a traditional migraine remedy that has recently sparked renewed scientific interest. It's illegal in many jurisdictions, but is legal or available by prescription in others. Find out the laws in your area and speak to your doctor.[33][34]
- Take non-prescription supplements. Prescription drugs aren't the only remedies that have been shown to help migraines. Certain herbs and minerals also help with migraines. Researchers have found fairly strong correlations between magnesium deficiency and the onset of migraines. Some studies have found that regularly taking magnesium supplements may help migraine sufferers.
- Keep in mind that you should always consult with your physician before taking any herbal or nutritional supplements, especially if taken in conjunction with prescription medications. [35]
- Several herbal supplements have been purported to reduce migraine frequency. Extracts of the feverfew and butterbur plants and kudzu root could possibly help. These supplements should not be taken by women who are pregnant.[36][37]
- Fairly high doses (400mg) of vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, may help prevent migraines. [38][39]
- Metabolic and hepatology studies also show that coenzyme or active B-6 assists with liver amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and neurological transmissions. Active B-6 helps keep the chemicals like serotonin in balance in the brain. This helps you avoid a chemical imbalance, which can trigger migraines.[40]
EditRecognizing the Signs of a Migraine - Talk to your doctor about your headaches. If you have never been officially diagnosed as having migraines, it is very important to speak with your doctor about your headaches. Severe chronic headaches can also be signs of more serious ailments such as brain tumors. Your physician should rule out other potential headache causes before you start treating symptoms of migraines yourself.
- A doctor can also prescribe medications and alternative treatments for migraines.
- Learn what a migraine is. A migraine is a headache that starts dull and becomes increasingly worse. It can range from minutes to days. The pain is described as a pounding, pulsating, throbbing headache. It may travel to one side of the head, to the back of the neck or head, or behind one eye. It may be accompanied with increased urination, chills, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, numbness, weakness, tingling, no appetite, sweating, and sensitivity to light and sound.
- After the migraine subsides, a clouded thought pattern may happen as well as the need to sleep and neck pain.[41]
- Know if you are at risk. There are certain types of people who are more prone to getting migraines. Migraines are most common in people between the ages of 10-40 years old. Once you hit 50, migraines tend to lessen. Migraines seem to run in families. If one parent has migraines, a child has a 50% chance of having migraines. If both parents suffer from them, a child has a 75% chance of having them.[42]
- Women are 3 times more likely to have a migraine than men. This may be due to a connection between estrogen levels and migraines. Women who are going to have a period soon often have headaches because of the drop of estrogen.[43]
- Recognize the prodrome phase. There are phases associated with certain parts of migraines. The prodrome phase is the first phase. It can begin up to 24 hours before the migraine actually begins. This happens in up to 60% of sufferers. Taking special care to relax and to avoid potential triggers when you notice these signs may prevent an impending migraine or lessen its severity. It's also important to try to keep a positive attitude if you notice these symptoms, as experiencing stress or anxiety can speed up or worsen the migraine.
- Mood changes, including depression, euphoria, and irritability, can be an early sign of a migraine.
- You may also suffer from increased thirst or fluid retention. Many migraine sufferers notice an increased thirst before a bad headache starts. You can also have a marked increase or decrease in appetite.
- You can experience fatigue, restlessness, difficulty communicating or understanding people, difficulty in talking, stiffness in the neck, dizziness, weakness in an arm or leg, or lightheadedness that leads to the loss of balance. If these symptoms are new to you or more severe than usual, call your doctor right away.
- Identify characteristics of the aura phase. The aura phase follows the prodrome phase. Only about 15% of sufferers experience this. During the phase, a headache will most likely start. Those who have auras complain of seeing spots or flashing lights and a loss of vision. They can last for 5 minutes up to an hour before the migraine begins.[44]
- The aura may also manifest itself as tingling or numbing sensations in the skin. You can also experience auditory disturbances.
- A rare form of migraine aura called "Alice in Wonderland Syndrome" involves an altered perception of one's body or surroundings. This type of aura is most often seen in children, but is sometimes seen in adult migraine patients as well.[45]
- Understand the active headache phase. The headache phase is next and is the worst for most patients. The headache usually begins in a pinpoint spot of the head and can move to another part of the head. Patients complain of a throbbing, pulsating headache. Moving around will often make the headache worse. Other factors such as light and noise can make it worse as well.
- Patients often cannot carry on a conversation because of the pain in their head.[46]
- Diarrhea, nausea, or even vomiting can accompany the headache phase.[47][48]
- Understand the resolution phase. The last phase of a migraine is the resolution phase. It is the phase where your body recovers from the trauma of the migraine. Many patients complain of pure exhaustion after a migraine episode. Some suffer from irritability and mood shifts soon after the headache phase is over.[49]
EditMaking a Migraine Management Plan - Keep a headache diary. Although there are some common triggers for migraines, you need to figure out exactly what triggers your specific migraines. A headache diary can help you determine this. It can also help you and your doctor monitor the effectiveness of treatments. Being able to review a record of things done, eaten, experienced, and felt during the 24 hours prior to the onset of a migraine can teach you a great deal about your personal triggers.
- Start the diary by asking yourself these questions: When did I start having the headache? How often would I say they are now? Any specific days? Times? How can I describe the pain of the headache? Any triggers? Do I have different types of headaches? Does anyone else in the family experience headaches? Do I notice vision changes with your headaches? Do I get them around the time I have a period?
- Track the date, the time from start to finish, the pain rating from 0-10, any triggers, any symptoms beforehand, medications you took for it, and the relief of the migraine.
- If you have a smart-phone use one of mobile application for migraine to keep track of your migraine, triggers, aura, medication etc. You can find migraine apps for android by searching for migraine or related keyword in google play store.
- Identify your triggers. There isn't one singular trigger for migraines. It is unclear exactly what causes migraines and it varies from person to person. Migraines seem to be triggered by a wide variety of different things. It can be something you eat, smell, hear, or see. It can often be linked to your sleeping patterns or daily activities. Make sure you document all the things you do each day so you can pick out your personal triggers after some time has passed.[50][51]
- Create a management plan for migraines. While it will probably not be possible to avoid all migraines, it should be possible to manage them. Go through your migraine diary and try to see what patterns have developed. Look for patterns to find your triggers. Look for particular times of the day, the week, or the season that cause more problems than others.
- Map out an approach to managing the prevention of your migraines once you have found the pattern. Put the plan into action, avoid triggers, and be aware of sensitivities. Record the outcomes and stick with anything that works for you to head off migraines.
- Other possible changes may be taking pain medication at the start of the headache and letting others know the pain you are going through.
- Some migraine triggers, such as weather changes and menstruation can't be avoided. If you're affected by things beyond your control, you may find that being especially diligent in relaxation and the avoidance of other triggers will help.
- Migraine triggers are not well understood. While there are many recommendations for foods and activities that you should avoid, the only triggers you need to avoid are the ones that cause your migraines.
- Some people report that acupressure, acupuncture, massage, and chiropractic treatments seem to help control migraines. There is currently no scientific evidence that suggests these methods are beneficial.
- Unfortunately, there is no known cure for migraines. Even with the use of trigger avoidance and preventative medication, migraine sufferers will likely still experience some migraines.
- Some headache specialists have reported success in preventing migraines using Botox injections.[52]
- This article is a general guide and is not intended to substitute for the advice of a medical professional. Consult your doctor before taking any medications or before making any drastic lifestyle changes.
- If you are taking over-the-counter painkillers more than half the days of the month, you are at risk for rebound headaches when you quit taking these painkillers. When weaning oneself from painkillers, a detox treatment may be necessary in helping with rebound headaches. Therefore, use aspirin, ibuprofen, or other pain reliever only when needed.[53] Talk to your doctor about the safe use of these medications.
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| How to Identify Whether Your Child Has Dyslexia Posted: 17 Jan 2017 08:00 AM PST Dyslexia is the most common of all reading disorders.[1] Many parents notice the learning disability in their pre-preschoolers. Some kids struggle to recognize or create rhymes,[2][3][4][5] to learn the ABCs,[6] or to recognize the combination of letters that made up their names.[7][8] For children diagnosed in middle-elementary or beyond, parents might describe emotional or behavioral problems that accompanied academic failure.[9][10][11] If these problems sound familiar to you, you might be the parent of a child with dyslexia. Although it is an incurable condition that lasts a lifetime, there are ways to help children with dyslexia learn to overcome the challenges of dyslexia and go on to have highly successful lives.[12][13][14] EditLearning About Dyslexia and the Importance of Diagnosing It - Watch for your child struggling to complete reading assignments. For example, one set of parents realized their son had a reading problem when he was unable to complete a short kindergarten homework assignment: to read a list of rhyming words to his parents. Following the instructions provided by the teacher, here is how that exercise went:
- Parent: All the words on this list rhyme with at. Say at. Child: At. Parent: The first word on the list is bat; bat rhymes with at. Say at, bat. Child: At, bat. Parent (moving finger to touch each word): What's next? at, bat… (touching cat). Child: Cot. Parent: No, it needs to rhyme … at, bat, c— Child: Cake. Parent (getting frustrated): You need to focus! At, bat, CAT. Sound it out: c-a-t. Child: C-a-t. Parent. Now what comes next? At, bat, cat, f— Child: Friend. Needless to say, they never made it to hat, mat, pat, rat, sat, or vat.
- Learn how the dyslexic brain works. While the classic association with dyslexia is one of a person who "sees" letters and numbers backward, what's really happening is more intense and has to do with how the brain works.[15] A child with dyslexia struggles with "phonological decoding", which is the process of taking apart and putting together words by chopping them into their individual sounds while connecting those sounds to the letters that represent them.[16] Because of the way their brains translate letters and sounds back and forth, children with dyslexia tend to read slower (less fluent) and make more mistakes (less accurate).[17]
- For example, a little boy reading a book sees the word dog but doesn't recognize it on sight. He tries to sound it out, which is taking it apart and translating the letters into their sounds (dog=d-o-g). Meanwhile, a little girl writing a story wants to spell the word dog. She says the word slowly then tries to translate the sounds into letters (d-o-g=dog).
- If these children have no reading disabilities, chances are good that both will be successful. But, if they have dyslexia, the translation process—from sounds to letters or from letters to sounds—doesn't go well and a dog may become a god.
- Understand that dyslexia isn't a problem of intelligence or effort. Sadly, many people think children with dyslexia fail to read because they aren't as intelligent or don't try hard enough[18], but scientists comparing brain patterns report that these problems happen the same whether children have high or low IQs.[19]
- Dyslexia isn't a sign of low intelligence or not putting in the effort. It simply is a difference in how some brains operate.
- Learn how psychologists diagnose dyslexia. Psychologists use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to diagnose psychological disorders. This manual describes dyslexia as a neuro-developmental disorder in which a person has a coding difficulty. The person struggles with figuring out the relationship between word spellings and pronunciations.[20] Dyslexic people have a problem matching written letters to their sounds (a phonological awareness issue).[21]
- In short, dyslexia is a reading disorder that can't be explained by low IQ, lack of education, or problems with eyesight.[22] It has nothing to do with how smart they are or whether they are trying hard enough.
- Understand who is most likely to have dyslexia. New studies show that dyslexia is a genetic condition that can be inherited.[23][24] If it runs in the family, a child has a higher risk of developing dyslexia.[25] If a child has other language-related issues, like delayed language, the risk of dyslexia increases.[26] Dyslexia usually develops in young children,[27] but could also develop if the brain is injured.[28]
- Dyslexia is actually pretty common. Statistics show that 10% of school children have been identified with dyslexia, but it is believed that another 10% remain undiagnosed.[29] Boys and girls appear to develop dyslexia at equal rates while a higher ratio of left-handed people are be identified as dyslexic.[30]
- Realize the importance of diagnosing dyslexia. If not caught at a young age, untreated dyslexia can have serious consequences.[31] Many dyslexics become juvenile offenders (85% of America's juvenile offenders have reading disorders), high school dropouts (one-third of all dyslexic students), functionally illiterate adults (10% of Americans) or college dropouts (only 2% of dyslexic college students graduate).[32]
- Fortunately, the people are getting better at spotting and diagnosing dyslexia.
EditLooking For Signs of Dyslexia - Watch for reading and writing struggles. Pay attention to reading troubles your young child might have, even if it's written off by teachers as nothing to worry about. You might notice your child struggling more than his peers when learning to read.[33] Dyslexia also impacts motor coordination, affecting the ability to write clearly. Messy handwriting may be a sign of dyslexia.[34][35] Since academics are based on reading and writing, your child may have issues in many or all of his classes.[36]
- Even in hands-on classes, students have subject-specific vocabulary, but dyslexia makes it hard to quickly recall words[37] because the part of the brain responsible for matching sounds to symbols (such as letters or numbers) is the same place pictures are matched to sounds.[38] (Imagine looking at a duck and having trouble hearing "quack" in your mind!)
- Look for changes in your child's behavior. Your child might become anxious and frustrated because of reading struggles. If your child is acting up in class, the school may blame the academic failures on the misbehavior instead of recognizing that a learning disorder is the root of all the problems. That confusion interferes with identifying and treating the cause of the problems, the dyslexia, which can make problems worse.
- The more that dyslexic child falls behind academically, the likelihood increases that your child will have frustration,[39] anxiety, and lower self-esteem,[40]—any of which can lead to depression.[41]
- Pay attention to your child's self-esteem and emotions. You might notice your child hates school, thinks of himself as stupid, or calls himself dumb.[42] His classmates might do the same, causing socialization problems. Your child might hate going to school because of the pressure and anxiety of falling behind academically. Anxiety is the number one emotion experienced by dyslexic children.[43]
- Low self-esteem and high frustration levels often lead to anger.[44] A longevity study of 7-year-olds with reading disabilities showed that by age 11 they had much more trouble with behaviors and emotions than other children[45], despite receiving support for their disability.[46]
- Watch for disorders that share symptoms. Dyslexia may be hard to diagnose, since it shares common characteristics with other disorders.[47] Children with dyslexia process at a slower speed, struggle to focus, and may have difficulty organizing themselves and their space. So do kids with the following disorders:[48][49][50]
- Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D.)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (A.D.H.D.)
- Autism
- Mathematics Disorder
- Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Vision issues (such as when a child's eyes don't track or focus in alignment with each other)
- Vision therapists claim a number of children are misdiagnosed as dyslexic when they really have eye-based issues.[51]
- Realize your child's uniqueness. Dyslexia in one child looks completely different from dyslexia in another child. The disorder shows itself in variety of ways and extents in those it impacts. It is a highly individualized disorder, making diagnosis difficult.[52] You may notice your child struggling to understand when others speak to him. Or, he may have trouble organizing and expressing his thoughts and ideas.[53]
- Nevertheless, psychologists can successfully diagnose dyslexics as young as five years of age.[54]
EditKnowing What to Do If You Think Your Child Has Dyslexia - Do an online screening questionnaire. There are several free online screening questionnaires for dyslexia. Have your child take the tests to see if they agree that dyslexia may be at the heart of your child's reading difficulties.
- Meet with a specialist. If it appears likely that your child has dyslexia, take the results to a specialist like a psychologist or a school counselor who can guide you in getting a professional diagnosis.
- If your child attends a private school which doesn't have specialists, check with the local public school. They're often are required to serve all children in their district, even those who do not attend public school.
- Meet with a mental-health provider. These professionals can be helpful in dealing with the anger, anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues that often come from dyslexic frustration. They're also valuable supports for parents who may feel overwhelmed by a dyslexic child's needs.
- Look for mental-health providers in the phone book, through your local Department of Health, or by talking with your child's pediatrician or school counselor. You can also check resources from organizations such as the International Dyslexia Association (1-800-ABC-D123), which helps parents of dyslexic children,[55] or Learning Ally[56] (1-800-221-4792) which provides audiobooks for dyslexic readers from kindergarten through college age and into the professional world.
- Know your child's educational options. Since dyslexia is caused by how the brain processes information, it cannot be changed or "cured."[57] But, there are ways in which dyslexic children can be taught phonics so their brains understand the fundamentals of how sounds and letters relate to one another.[58] This allows them to be more successful when learning to read.[59][60]
- Once a teacher knows there is a dyslexic child in the classroom, various teaching strategies can be custom-designed to support that child's learning needs.[61]
- Understand emotional adjustments. Once your child's teacher is aware that your child has dyslexia, the teacher can make adjustments to support your child's emotional needs. For instance, your child won't be put on the spot to do challenging read-alouds that can cause tremendous stress and anxiety. This can prevent teasing from classmates.
- Instead, the teacher can actively seek out ways to showcase your child's strengths. This way, your child can experience success as well as praise from peers, increasing positive self-esteem.
- If you or your child begins to feel overwhelmed by this reading disorder, visit http://www.dyslexia.com/famous.htm to review a list of very well-known writers, scientists, politicians, inventors, athletes, entertainers, and others who have risen to the top of their fields despite having dyslexia.[62] You just might be amazed as well as greatly encouraged.
- Even cultures with non-alphabetic written languages—such as the Chinese—have people dealing with dyslexia. Dyslexic brains simply work differently in translating sounds and the symbols that represent those sounds.[63]
- Do not identify dyslexia without the assistance of a pediatrician. Many conditions can cause development problems, and some may be severe health concerns.
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| How to Resize a JPEG Posted: 17 Jan 2017 12:00 AM PST Resizing your JPEG files can be useful if you need to send a bunch of pictures in an email or upload them to a website. Resizing an image will always reduce the quality slightly, and enlarging an image beyond its original size will always make it look blocky. You can resize images using free websites, the free image editing program on your computer, or with free apps on your mobile device. EditUsing an Image Resizing Website - Visit an image resizing website. There are tons of websites that will let you quickly upload and resize any image file, including JPEG files. Search "resize jpeg" to find a bunch of different options. Resizing using a website is most effective while using a computer, not a mobile device. Some of the more popular sites include:
- picresize.com
- resizeyourimage.com
- resizeimage.net
- Upload the JPG file you want to resize. Most resizing sites allow you to upload virtually any type of image file. Click the "Choose file," "Upload image," or "Browse" button to find the image file on your computer that you want to resize.
- If the image you want to resize is on another website, you'll need to download it to your computer first before uploading it to the resizing website.
- Use the resizing controls to change the size of the image. Each website has a different set of controls to adjust the image size. You may be able to click and drag a box, or use sliders to adjust the final size. You may also be able to enter the exact dimensions you want the resized image to be.
- Making an image larger than the original will result in a noticeably lower-quality picture.
- Select your compression (if available). Some resizing websites allow you to set a compression level. Higher compression will result in a smaller file size, but will also lead to a decrease in image quality. Look for a quality slider or drop-down menu to change the final quality. Not all resizing websites have quality options.
- Download the resized image. Once you've set your size and quality settings, you can resize and download the image. Click the "Resize" button to load the new image. You'll likely be shown a preview of the changes before the image file is downloaded to your computer.
- When downloading a resized image, make sure you don't overwrite the original. This will allow you to go back and make changes if you aren't happy with the outcome.
EditUsing Paint in Windows - Make a copy of the image file. Before resizing your image in Paint, make a copy of the file so that you don't lose the original. This will allow you to do the process again later if you aren't happy with the results.
- To make a copy of the image file, right-click on it and select "Copy." Right-click a blank area in the same folder and select "Paste" to create a copy of the image.
- Open the image in Paint. Paint is a free image editor that comes with every version of Windows. Right-click on the image file and select "Edit" to open it in Paint.
- Select the entire image. If you want to resize the entire image, select the whole thing by pressing . You can also click the "Select" button in the Home tab and choose "Select all." You'll see a dashed line appear around the edge of the image.
- Click the "Resize" button. You can find this in the Home tab, or you can press . This will open the "Resize and Skew" window.
- Use the "Resize" fields to change the size of the image. You can choose to resize by percentage or by pixels. If you select "Pixels," you can enter the exact size that you want the resized image to be. You can enter percentages larger than "100" to make the image bigger than the original.
- By default, Paint will maintain the original aspect ratio, and entering a value in one field will automatically change the value in the other. This keeps the image from stretching or squishing during the resize. You can uncheck "Maintain aspect ratio" if you want to be able to define both the Horizontal and Vertical fields independently.
- Making an image larger than the original will result in a blocky final image.
- Click "OK" to see your resized image. Once you click "OK," your image will be resized according to the values you entered. There is no preview available, so you'll need to apply the changes to see them.
- If you aren't happy with the outcome, press to undo the resize changes you made. You can also click the "Undo" button at the very top of the window next.
- Drag the canvas edges to match the resized image. Your image will be resized, but the canvas will stay the original size. Click and drag the boxes around the edges of the canvas to resize it accordingly and remove excess white space.
- Save your resized image. Once you're satisfied with the new size, you can save the changes to the file. Select "Save As" from the File tab and choose "JPEG picture." You can then name the file and choose where to save it.
EditUsing Preview in Mac OS X - Make a copy of your image file. It's always a good idea to create a backup of your original image file before making changes to its size. This will allow you to revert to the original in case something goes wrong or you don't like the end result. Select the image file, press , and then press to make a copy in the same location.
- Open the image in the Preview application. Usually this will open by default when you double-click the file. If the image opens in something else, you can right-click the file and select "Open With" and then "Preview."
- Click the Tools menu and select "Adjust Size." This will open a new window that will allow you to resize the image.
- Click the drop-down menu to select the units you want to use. You can select "Pixels," "Percentage," and several other units to scale the image by. Selecting "Pixels" will allow you to determine the exact size of the resized image.
- Enter the new width or height that you want the image to be. The two fields are linked, and changing one will change the other to keep the image proportions correct. This will prevent stretching or squishing of the image. If you want to freely resize both fields, uncheck "Scale proportionally" to unlink the two.
- Check out the new file size. You'll be able to see what the new file size will be at the bottom of the window before you apply your changes. This is useful if you're resizing the image to fit the file size limitations of email or other online services.
- Click "OK" to apply the changes. The image will be resized according to the settings you entered. If you aren't happy with the results, press to undo the changes and revert to the original size.
- Save your file. If you are happy with the new size, you can save your changes to the file. Click the "File" menu and select "save" to save your changes.[1]
EditUsing an iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch - Install an app that allows you to resize images. There is no built-in way to resize a picture on iOS devices, but there are a variety of apps that can perform the task for you. You can download these apps from your iOS device's App Store. Some of the more popular apps include:
- Resize It
- Image Resizer+
- Desqueeze
- Open the app and select the photo you want to resize. You'll likely be prompted to give the app access to your photos. This is necessary for the app to be able to browse the photos stored on your device. Find the photo you want to resize and tap it to open it.
- Tap the "Resize" button. Most apps have various tools you can choose from, including resizing. Tap the "Resize" button to begin resizing the image.
- Enter a new size for the image. Different apps will have different interfaces, but generally you can select from a variety of preset sizes or you can enter your own custom resolution. The width and height will be linked, so that the proportions are maintained.
- If you don't mind if the image gets stretched or squished, you can tap the chainlink or padlock button to enter different values into each field.
- Save your resized image to your camera roll. After resizing the image, tap the "Save" button to save it to your camera roll. You'll be able to find it in your Photos app like you would any other image on your iOS device.
EditUsing an Android Device - Download an app that can resize pictures. Android devices do not have the ability to resize images out the box, but there are countless apps available that can do it for you. You can find these apps in the Google Play Store, many of which are free. Some of the most popular image resizing apps include:[2]
- Photo & Picture Resizer
- Resize Me!
- Image Shrink
- Reduce Photo Size
- Open the downloaded app and give it access to your photos. When you launch the app for the first time, you may be prompted to give the app access to your stored photos. This is essential so that the app can load photos stored on your device.
- Open the photo you want to resize. Use the app to navigate to the photo that you want to resize. The process will vary depending on the app, but generally you can tap the "Select photo" button on the app's main menu to open your device's stored photos.
- Select the resize tool. After opening the image, you'll likely need to select the "Resize" tool in the app. Again, the process will vary for this depending on the app you are using.
- Select the size you want to make the image. You'll be shown the original size in both pixels and file size. Depending on the app, you may be able to select from preset image sizes, and enter custom sizes. When entering a custom size, you can just enter one value and the other value will scale accordingly.
- Save your resized image. Depending on the app, the resized image may be saved automatically, or you may need to manually tap the "Save" button. The original image will not be changed.
- Find your resized images. Each app will store its resized images in a different location. Generally, you'll be able to find the pictures by opening your Pictures folder and then opening the folder named after the app. You can then share the images just like you would any other picture on your device.
- You will sacrifice a lot of quality if you try to resize a picture to a larger size. It is best to only resize a JPEG photo smaller. When you try to make a picture larger, you stretch the pixels and the photo will appear blurry and low quality.
EditRelated wikiHows EditSources and Citations
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