| How to Avoid Negative Effects of Benzoyl Peroxide Posted: 11 Nov 2016 04:00 PM PST Benzoyl peroxide is the active ingredient in many topical acne treatments, both over-the-counter and by prescription. By understanding how benzoyl peroxide works, you can decide whether or not it is the right medication for you, and minimize and treat any irritation that occurs as a result of using medications that contain benzoyl peroxide. EditUnderstanding the General Uses and Complications of Benzoyl Peroxide - Know the uses of benzoyl peroxide. Benzoyl peroxide is the active ingredient in many topical acne medications, such as Benzac and Acne 10 Gel, among others.[1] Acne medication containing benzoyl peroxide comes in many different forms, such as gels, bar soaps, lotions and facial washes.[2][3] Some of these medications are available over-the-counter, while others require a prescription.
- Make sure you read the active ingredients of the product to know if it contains benzoyl peroxide and what strength.
- Know how benzoyl peroxide works. Benzoyl peroxide works as an antimicrobial and exfoliative agent, helping to kill bacteria and to increase skin turnover.[4][5] Benzoyl peroxide also helps to dry excess oil on the face.[6] It also works to reduce inflammation where it is applied.[7]
- Identify the signs of an allergic reaction. It is known that 1 – 2% of people are allergic to benzoyl peroxide. While most people will experience skin irritation, redness and scaling with the use of benzoyl peroxide, these side effects should subside with time. If you continue to experience redness and scaling even when using very low concentrations applied on alternate days, you may be experiencing an allergic reaction to the drug.
- Irritation is extremely common during the first three weeks of use and should improve after four to six weeks.[8]
- Other possible signs of an allergic or negative reaction include peeling, sensitivity, and dryness.[9]
- If you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction, including a tightness in the throat, shortness of breath, wheezing, low blood pressure, fainting, or collapse, call emergency services immediately.[10]
- Use only as directed. Whenever you use an over-the-counter product containing benzoyl peroxide, you should use that product in accordance with all of the instructions on the label. If you acquired the medication with a prescription, it is critical that you use benzoyl peroxide products as directed by a medical professional.[11][12][13]
- Limit exposure to other products. In severe cases of acne, it is common to combine using benzoyl peroxide with topical or oral antibiotics as well as tretinoin. It should be noted, however, combining benzoyl peroxide with other irritants, other skin care products with benzoyl peroxide or exposing yourself to excessive sunlight can increase the risk of skin irritation in the area where benzoyl peroxide was applied. Make sure to limit exposure to other irritants so that you can effectively gauge the efficacy of benzoyl peroxide products in treating your acne.[14][15][16]
- The side effects of combining other skin care products with benzoyl peroxide are similar to those that occur when you are having a genuine allergic reaction.
EditTesting the Product - Apply benzoyl peroxide to clean skin. Wash and dry your skin before applying benzoyl peroxide, unless using a benzoyl peroxide facial wash.[17] Make sure your hands are clean before applying and wash your hands immediately afterwards.
- Apply in small doses. It is very important that you test any products containing benzoyl peroxide in small doses before applying liberally to affected areas. To do this, apply a small amount of the product to areas of your skin that are suffering from acne.[18][19][20]
- Start with the lowest concentration possible, such as 2 – 5%, to minimize skin irritation.
- Take care not to get benzoyl peroxide in your mouth, nose or broken skin. Do not apply it around your eyes or lips.[21] Benzoyl peroxide is designed to be a topical medication, and should not come into contact with mucous membranes, such as the nose, mouth or eyes. Flush the affected area with water if you get benzoyl peroxide in your eyes, mouth, or broken skin.
- Monitor the effects of benzoyl peroxide products. After applying a small amount of a benzoyl peroxide product to affected area, monitor that area for any signs of an allergic reaction. Note that mild redness, stinging or burning on initial application is expected. Applying this product at night should reduce appearance of redness by the morning. If irritation persists, use every other night.
- If you do not experience any negative side effects (sensitivity, excessive dryness, peeling) and see positive results, continue using the benzoyl peroxide product as directed by a doctor or the product's packaging.
- In rare cases, more serious allergic reactions may occur. If you experience excessive swelling and trouble breathing, discontinue use of the product and contact a medical professional immediately.[22][23]
- Discontinue use. If you begin to experience allergy symptoms after applying a benzoyl peroxide product, stop using that product immediately. Remember that some irritation is normal at first, but contact your doctor if you have any questions.
- Rinse any leftover product with room temperature water. Flush the area several times until the product is rinsed thoroughly off of your skin. Avoid splashing any of the water into your eyes, nose or mouth. Don't use soap, as this might further irritate your skin. Do not scrub; rather, gently rinse and rub your skin.[24]
- Pat dry. Do not rub your skin to dry it, as this can cause further irritation. You may use a towel, but a soft cloth like a clean T-shirt may be more gentle on your skin. Avoid using cotton balls as this may leave fibers on your skin.[25]
- Apply a gentle, all-natural moisturizer. All-natural moisturizers, in most cases, will prevent further irritation of the skin. A sensitive skin or no-fragrance version is likely to be best, but it is wise to consult a physician. Even products labeled "sensitive skin" or "no fragrance" have the potential to interact negatively with benzoyl peroxide. Virgin coconut oil is often used as a gentle moisturizer.[26]
- Do not reapply the benzoyl peroxide. Do not continue using benzoyl peroxide products on irritated skin or on skin that has been moisturized until you consult with your doctor.[27]
EditLimiting Exposure to Skin Irritants - Do not apply products with other active ingredients. Skin care products contain a wide variety of active ingredients, many of which have the potential to react negatively with benzoyl peroxide. Because of this, do not apply other skin care products to the areas of skin you treated with benzoyl peroxide to avoid the negative side-effects of mixing skin care products.[28][29]
- Make sure you read the label for the active ingredients in any and all skin care products. Look for products containing peeling agents such as resorcinol, salicylic acid, sulfur, or tretinoin. These should be avoided when using benzoyl peroxide.[30]
- Other products that may interact negatively with benzoyl peroxide include: isotretinoin (Accutane), dapsone, lime, hair dyes or removal creams, astringents, shaving creams, or after-shave lotions containing alcohol.[31]
- Consult your medical provider about how you could use other products in combination with benzoyl peroxide. Tretinoin is sometimes used in combination with benzoyl peroxide to treat severe acne and your doctor can instruct you on how to use both products while minimizing interactions.
- Avoid "doubling up" on benzoyl peroxide products. In addition to avoiding skin care products that contain alternative active ingredients to benzoyl peroxide, you also must avoid the use of other products containing benzoyl peroxide. Using multiple medications that contain benzoyl peroxide can cause your skin to react negatively simply because you have applied too much benzoyl peroxide to an affected area.
- Limit sun exposure. Stay out of the sun as much as possible and always wear a broad-spectrum sunblock with a minimum SPF 30. Wear a wide-brimmed hat to further protect your skin. Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps. If you get a sunburn, you should not use benzoyl peroxide unless directed by your doctor. [32]
- Using sunblock may prevent the darkening of your skin where you have applied benzoyl peroxide.
EditConsulting a Medical Professional - Talk with your doctor or nurse practitioner about whether benzoyl peroxide is right for you. The type of acne you have will determine the type of treatment.[33] Ask your doctor about the benefits, risks, and potential side effects of using benzoyl peroxide. Write a list of any alternative therapies you have questions about and take it with you to your doctor's visit.
- Discuss any medications you may be on. Any other medications you are taking (including supplements, vitamins, and over-the-counter products) could cause a drug interaction.[34][35] Other things you may want to discuss with your doctor include:
- Other creams (prescription or over-the-counter) that you are using
- The different forms of this medication (lotion, facial wash, etc.) and which one might work best for you
- The different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide and whether starting with the lowest possible dose (to minimize the possibility of irritation) is right for you
- Tell your doctor of any pre-existing skin conditions you may have. This can include eczema, dermatitis, broken/bleeding skin, or any other irritation.[36] Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication only and any broken skin or open wounds would allow it to enter your body. Benzoyl peroxide may also make conditions such as eczema worse.[37]
- Inform your doctor if you have had a previous allergic reaction to benzoyl peroxide. If you have had an allergic reaction or severe irritation with benzoyl peroxide products in the past, you should avoid using benzoyl peroxide.[38] There are several other acne medications and therapies that you could use, however, so don't lose hope. Talk with your doctor about the alternatives.
- Ask your doctor about possible interactions. Benzoyl peroxide may interact with lotions, makeup, facial washes, perfume, or any other agents that may come in contact with your skin.[39] Ask your doctor before you use products like shaving cream or astringents, as they may make irritation from benzoyl peroxide therapy worse.[40]
- Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you plan to become pregnant or breastfeed. It is not clear if benzoyl peroxide would be unsafe for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding, which is why it is important to ask your doctor.[41] Be sure to consult with your OBGYN as well.
- Communicate with your doctor or nurse practitioner while using the product. You might need to adjust the dosage or discontinue using the product if you have severe side effects or if the treatment seems ineffective. While the information in this article is written to help you make informed decisions about benzoyl peroxide therapy and to help you minimize the possibility of irritation, it does not substitute for medical advice.[42]
EditFinding Alternative Treatments - Know what options you have. Benzoyl peroxide is one of many acne treatments. Benzoyl peroxide is used for mild to moderate acne.[43] Other acne treatments can be suggested or prescribed by a doctor (usually a dermatologist) and include:
- Salicylic acid, clindamycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, and tetracycline.
- Topical medications such as retinoids (such as Retin-A) or Dapsone
- Topical or oral antibiotics
- Medications to control hormones, such as oral contraceptives (for women) or anti-androgen agent (for men)
- Isotretinoin (usually for the most severe cases of acne)
- Investigate alternative therapies. Not all acne treatments take the form of oral or topical medications. You may wish to look into other treatments performed by dermatologists. These treatments include light therapy, laser treatments, chemical peels, whitehead and blackhead extraction and steroid injections.[44][45]
- Reduce stress. Though it is not entirely understood, there is a known connection between stress, cortisol, and increased acne.[46] Learn positive ways to cop with stress, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time in nature. Make stress reduction part of your routine.
- Adjust your diet. Though dermatologists debate the connection between diet and acne, some researchers have found that modifying your diet (adopting a low-glycemic diet, specifically) can be beneficial.[47]
- Use natural supplements. Some products, such as zinc, aloe vera, tea tree oil, though often disputed by dermatologists, have been tried as alternative, or additional, therapy to traditional acne treatments.[48]
- Investigate combined treatments. For moderate to severe acne, most dermatologists recommend a combination of treatments that pair topical medications with oral medications.[49]
- Do not allow benzoyl peroxide to come into contact with hair or colored fabrics. Benzoyl peroxide will bleach hair and colored fabrics.[50] Allowing the preparation to completely dry before coming in contact with fabrics can minimize the problem.
- Ensure that benzoyl peroxide products are properly stored. Keep benzoyl peroxide products in their original packaging and avoid storing them in extreme cold or heat.[51]
- Do not allow children or animals to access benzoyl peroxide products and dispose of them in a responsible manner.[52]
- Do not use benzoyl peroxide products if you are nursing or pregnant.[53]
- Never share benzoyl peroxide products with others, as they may have severe allergic reactions to the product.[54]
- Use benzoyl peroxide products only as recommended on the packaging or as prescribed by a doctor or dermatologist.[55]
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| How to Rock Climb Posted: 11 Nov 2016 08:00 AM PST Rock climbing is a sport in which participants climb up or across natural rock formations or man-made rock walls. It is a physically and mentally demanding sport, one that often tests a climber's strength, endurance, agility, and balance along with his or her mental control. Both fun, challenging, and an incredible workout, anyone can start rock climbing quickly, no matter how much experience you have. EditBeginning to Climb - Head to a rock gym or bouldering gym to safely learn basic skills and safety. You can also boulder outdoors, but you'll need to find out about safe, established bouldering sites before getting on a rock. Moreover, outdoor sites are usually more difficult, and require guides and deeper knowledge of rock formations. Rock gyms are safe, well-designed spaces for a variety of skill levels, and they often have classes and staff to help you learn. In general, you have two options starting out:
- Bouldering routes are short rock climbing problems that don't require harnesses or ropes, and are a fantastic way to build your climbing skills safely, without complex introductions to belaying or equipment. Since these problems require no ropes certain constraints that come with roped climbing are avoided. Bouldering routes are great for learning to climb and are a fun way to climb although you lack the safety that you would have with a rope.
- Top-roping is what most people think of when they think of rock climbing. You're tied in and scaling a large wall. In order to top-rope you'll need a partner. If you're brand new to the sport, check with the staff about "belay partners," or boulder until you feel comfortable asking for a partner.[1]
- Rent a pair of snug shoes and a chalk bag. Rock climbing shoes need to be snug so that you can feel the precise edges of the rock. They may feel uncomfortable at first, as the toes are often pointed in order to help you stay on small chips and edges, but you'll get used to them quickly. Just make sure they don't cut off circulation. Chalk bags, while not necessary, are used to keep your hands dry -- essential for holding onto the rock as you get tired. Simply dip you fingers lightly in the chalk and clap them together so you have a light chalky dusting on your hands.
- Harnesses, clips, and belay devices are necessary if you're top-roping. The remainder of this section assumes you are already tied in, or are bouldering.
- Climb to the top of the wall or problem any way you can to get used to the sport. Most walls are marked by routes -- specific sets of rock that you must use to get to the top. While these are more challenging and fun for experts, you need to get comfortable with the height, the holds, and the general feel of climbing first. Ignore the tape marks and just head up the wall, working on the basics of your form. Once you're comfortable climbing, you're ready to start tackling some basic routes.
- If you really want to get to routes, looks for one labeled 5.4 or 5.5, which are good beginner ratings. (In French, sport grades are commonly used. These will be 3 or 3+, 4 or 4+.)
- The fear of falling and the fear of heights are perfectly normal human instincts. Remember, however, that you have a bevy of safety equipment, padded floors, and a knowledgeable person holding you up. After your first few slips, you'll get used to it.
- Starting with an expert, even just a friend who climbs often, is a great way to break slowly into the sport.
- Push up from your legs instead of pulling up with your arms. This is the number one rule of good climbing, and the hardest thing to get used to. It feels natural to pull your body up the wall because your fingers feel like they're more firmly locked onto the holds. But your legs are much, much stronger muscles, and you'll tire out halfway up the wall if you're trying to do ten consecutive pull-ups. There are a couple of surefire tips to get accustomed to using your legs:
- Keep your arms extended. Let your weight hang low, gripping the hand holds purely for balance and bending your knees for power.
- Set your feet before moving your hands. Get good, solid footholds that you can put weight on.
- Keep your weight on your toes, not on your hands, by dropping your heels lower than your toes.[2]
- Plan your moves in advance, putting your limbs in position for each move. If you're struggling to reach a handhold with your left hand, you don't have to become Mr. Fantastic to grab it. You need to move your left foot higher -- elongating your left side and making the reach easier. Climbing is a deliberate, thoughtful sport, and muscling up the wall will only get you so far. Stop to think about the best way up a route, or ask experienced climbers for advice.
- Learning to read a route from the ground, visualizing where your hands and feet will go in advance, is an essential skill you can never start practicing too soon.
- The more time you spend gripping the wall, unsure where to go, the more tired you'll get.
- The set of moves you use to get up a wall is called your "beta."[3]
- Find good resting points to plan your route and relax your arms. Most routes have 1-2 spots where you can catch your breath and loosen your muscles. A good rest spot is anywhere you can comfortably stand with most of your weight on your feet. You should be able to take one arm comfortably off the wall to get chalk and stretch out. While resting:
- Plan out your next few moves. Memorize what footholds you have coming up and think about which limb you want to go where. If needed, ask someone at the bottom for advice.
- Re-chalk your hands. Chalk runs off on rocks, so get some more.
- Shake out your arms. Let them hang and give them a good shake to dislodge some of the lactic acid that has built up.[4]
- Move deliberately up the wall. There are advanced moves that require speed, rapid precision, and even small leaps (called "dynos"), but these are for later in your career. For now, you want to focus on fluid motion. The best way to do this is to focus on each limb first, then move your body. Also known as "static climbing technique," you move each limb, get set, then move your body over into the new position. Think of yourself as a slinky, coiling and uncoiling up the wall.
- Set your feet, knees bent.
- Shift your body weight the direction you're headed.
- Step up with a foot while simultaneously grabbing a new hold with the matching hand.
- Re-set your feet and opposite hand.
- Repeat.[5]
- Know that climbing muscles take some time to build. One of the biggest hurdles for new climbers is that they feel weak after only 1-2 runs. Your fingers will be sore and your forearms will be burning, so much so that you don't feel like you can even hold onto the wall anymore. This is natural, however -- your forearms are not frequently used at this intensity in everyday life. However, if you climb a few routes 2-3 times a week you'll quickly get over this hump and can focus on climbing technique, not how sore your arms are.
- Take rest breaks in between climbs. Don't get back on the wall until your feel rested again.
- Stretch your forearms by clasping your palms in front of your chest and elbows out as if you were praying. Slowly rotate your hands down until they point in front of you to stretch.[6]
EditTying In and Climbing Safely - Always learn to tie in and belay with a trained supervisor. Belaying is not a difficult process, but it is an essential one if you're serious about climbing. Most climbing gyms will require you to take a supervised test before you're allowed to belay someone. They usually offer classes or free, quick lessons as well. You should always practice belaying with a trained expert. While belaying needs to be trained in person, however, you should know how to tie into your rope no matter what your skill level.
- Belaying is when someone stands below the climber with the rope. They catch them if they fall, give them more rope as they climb, and lower them down slowly when they finish.[7]
- Attach your harness as snugly as possible. Whether climbing or belaying, your harness should be snug across your waist and thighs. Do no skimp on this -- tighten every buckle as much as your comfortably can. This includes the leg loops, which cannot be skipped.[8]
- Create a figure-eight in the bottom of the rope, leaving roughly an arm's length at the bottom. This is frequently done for you at climbing gyms, but you should understand the process if it is not. There will be two identical strands of rope coming down from the top of the wall. Grab the one closest to the wall and measure out roughly an arm's length. From there:
- Gripping the rope at your "arm's length," drop the bottom of the rope. Holding it up, you should have an upside-down "U" shape in your hands.
- Pinch the two sides of the U to create a "bite," or small 1-2" loop.
- Wrap the bottom of your rope around the bite. You'll cross over your hand so that the end of the rope is back on your side of the bite.
- Thread the end of the rope through your bite hole.
- Pull the end of the role through to make your figure eight.[9]
- Thread the end of the rope into your harness. This is how you tie in. While all harnesses are different, in general, you'll thread the rope through two loops in the front of your harness. You'll later tie the end of the rope into your figure eight, effectively attaching yourself to the rope.
- Make sure that the rope goes through both loops -- the one on your legs and your waist, before tying in.
- Take the end of the rope and trace out your figure eight to make a double eight knot. Once you're figure-eight is made and you're attached to the rope, complete the tie-in by doubling up on your knot. To do so, you'll simply take then end of the rope in your hand and follow the shape of your figure eight, threading the end in, under, and over the rope to create a snug, secure double figure eight:
- Note the path of the rope coming back towards you, from your figure eight.
- Slide the end of your rope exactly the same way this rope runs so that you have parallel ropes.
- Trace the rope up and over, then back through the figure eight. Again, you're just trying to follow this rope line, create two parallel ropes for a double figure eight.
- When you're done, the end of the rope should be pointing forward, following the rope up the wall.
- Pull the rope tight and consider making a safety knot. Grip the both sides of the rope, two ropes at a time, and pull the knot tight. Use your fingers to push or mold the double figure eight so that you have parallel lines throughout with no crossing, twisting, or braiding. Most gyms require a simple safety knot as well, tying off the loose end. To do so:
- Place your thumb on the rope, roughly 2-3" above the figure eight. Grip the loose end in your other hand.
- Wrap the loose end over your thumb twice, making an X above your thumb.
- Wrap the end around one last time, then feed it through the hole where your thumb is.
- Pull the loose end tight to cinch the knot down.[10]
- Check your knot for safety. There will be five pairs of parallel rope -- one before the knot, one after the knot, and three little segments in your double figure eight. Your double figure eight should look identical on the top and bottom, and the safety knot should be tight. There shouldn't be any crossed ropes. If there are, loosen the figure eight slightly and bend or move the ropes so that they are all parallel, then tighten it again.
- Always have an experienced climber check your ropes when you're first starting out.
- Communicate with your belayer before climbing. There is an almost universal code for climbers, and it is used to ensure that everyone is set and the safety measures are in place. Before you climb, you must always follow this protocol. However, some places use different climbing calls.
- You ask, "On Belay?"
- They reply, "Belay on."
- You get ready on the wall and say, "Climbing?"
- They respond, "climb on."[11]
EditImproving Your Climbing Technique - Keep your hips close to the wall by pointing your knees to the side. The more you lean back, the more you rely on your fingers to hold you close to the wall. This drains your energy quickly and will almost definitely hurt your fingers over time. Instead, angle your knees away from the wall, almost like a frog, to keep your hips close to the wall. Whenever you need to push away to survey the route or grab another hold, make the movement quickly, then hug the way again to save energy.[12]
- You want as much weight as possible on your feet at all times.
- Relax your grip. Frequently, during harder moves or when you get tired, you'll tend to grip the hold tightly. However, your hand holds are generally just there for balance. Remember, you want your feet to do most of the work, so loosen up your fingers. Trust them, almost hanging from them for balance, not to keep your weight on the wall. Your fingers are basically just balance hooks.
- As you get better, you'll encounter overhangs and moves that require some serious finger strength. However, you'll build this naturally as you progress towards harder climbs.
- Find your "dead point" when making big moves on the wall. The dead point is the spot when you transition from moving up to falling down. Basically, your momentum is shifting from a "jump" to a fall, and as such you don't move at all, making it easier to grab the hold. Not all moves are close enough that you can move slowly from one to the other. Sometimes you'll need to push off with your foot and grab the hold while on the move. Learning to grab it right when you hit your apex will greatly increase your fluidity on the wall.
- To practice, find a route with several holds just out of reach, or practice on the bouldering wall. Practice grabbing the hold with your arm extended so that you don't feel any drop as you grip it.
- Climb with rhythm. While this may change for some routes or crux moves, developing a rhythm is often the best way to conscientiously build good climbing habits. Think of moving with the feet first, going foot, foot, hand, hand, or foot, hand, foot, hand, up the entire wall. Start with some easy routes to get used to this. Because you're moving quickly, with your feet first, you'll naturally come to rely on your leg muscles and stop over-using and tiring your hands.[13]
- Quick, focused climbing saves energy, as it prevents hanging on the wall and getting tired.
- Focus on your breathing as you move. Many people hold their breath as they try hard moves, but that just deprives your muscles of much-needed oxygen. As you develop a rhythm, breath into it as well so that you have regular, rhythmic breathing.
- Climb down a few routes. This is a great training exercise for your balance and route spotting. Most importantly, it focuses on landing your feet very precisely, making your footwork exponentially better. If you can use your feet effectively on the way down, you'll develop the skills needed to place your feet anywhere on the way up quickly.[14]
- Increase your climbing pace while staying deliberate in your movements. Skilled climbers move quickly, as this saves energy wasted by holding onto a rock while deciding what to do. While you don't want to try scrambling up the rock, lunging wildly, you want to make your moves quickly. Once you've decided what to do -- do it. Don't wait around or keep shifting as you'll only lose energy and make the rest of the climb even harder.[15]
- Watch other climbers to learn new moves and possible betas. The beta, or sequence of moves used, becomes increasingly important the harder the route gets. While beginners generally can choose 4-5 ways up a route, difficult routes (5.10 and up) sometimes only have 1-2 sets of moves that can be used. Frequently, they aren't always that obvious. There are hundreds of moves, techniques, and little tricks that can be used for specific problems, but the rock climbing community is luckily a very inclusive one. Watch other climbers, pantomiming the moves from the ground to get used to hand positioning.[16]
- If you're struggling on a route, ask another climber for advice. Your belay partner may have a great view from the ground, for example, of a move or hold you're missing.
- If you have never lowered before, it is highly recommended to try a practice lower. Climb up about ten feet and then ask your belayer to lower you. You will feel more comfortable at a lower height sitting back in your harness and letting go of the wall. In addition, you can communicate more easily with your belayer when you are only ten feet apart.
- Take your time
- Always climb with a partner who can safely belay for you.
- Join a rock climbing club.
- Check if the rope is twisted or unsafe before the climb.
- Try to prevent free-climbing overhangs.
- Keep your arms as straight as possible to ensure energy conservation.
- Do not attempt to abseil or climb without proper equipment and training.
- Climbing is inherently dangerous. No amount of experience or protection can fully eliminate the risk involved.
EditThings You'll Need - An experienced friend
- Climbing shoes
- Climbing harness
- Rope
- Carabiners
- Climbing protection (eg cams, nuts, quickdraws)
- Chalk
- Helmet
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| How to Make Chestnut Stuffing Posted: 11 Nov 2016 12:00 AM PST Chestnut stuffing is perfect for festive meals, including Thanksgiving, Christmas, and seasonal parties. The smell of tender roasted chestnuts is something quite unique to this dish, and it could almost make a meal on its own – don't be surprised if people take seconds. This version serves 4 - 6 people. EditIngredients - 250g / 8.8 oz sausage meat, skinless and broken into pieces
- 4 celery sticks, chopped
- 1 onion, chopped
- 1 carrot, chopped
- 150g / 5.3 oz chestnuts, peeled, frozen, or canned
- 6 slices of day-old bread, cubed
- 75g / 2.6 oz raisins or dried cranberries
- 2 tbsp chopped thyme , or equal amount of sage
- 2 tbsp chopped parsley
- 2 tbsp honey
- 2 eggs, beaten
- 750ml / 26.4 fl oz chicken or turkey stock
- 40ml / 1.4 fl oz olive oil
- Salt and pepper
- Preheat the oven. Set the temperature of the oven to 180°C/350ºF.
- Cook meat and vegetables. Place the saucepan over a high temperature and when very hot, add a bit of the oil and the sausage meat, trying to break it up as much as possible. When slightly brown, add the onions, celery, carrots, and the rest of the oil and cook for about 8 minutes. Stir in the chestnuts, cook for a few minutes more and remove from the heat.
- Combine the ingredients. Transfer the meat mixture into the bowl and add the bread, raisins, thyme, parsley, honey, and eggs. Season with salt and pepper and mix together. Add a little chicken stock, just enough to dampen the stuffing and let it soak for 5 minutes.
- Cover and bake. After a few minutes, place the moistened stuffing into the pan and level it with a spoon.
- Cover with aluminum foil and place into the oven for 30 minutes.
- After this time remove it from the oven and, discard the foil and return it to the oven to cook for a further 15 minutes.
- Remove the stuffing when it is brown on top. To speed up the process, put it under the grill for a minute or two. It should have a slightly puffy appearance, be crispy on the outside, and juicy and moist in the center.
- Serve. Serve this when it's still hot. It's now ready for the table.
- This stuffing can be pre-prepared and put cooked in the turkey. Just be sure to prepare for a longer cooking time for your bird.
EditThings You'll Need - 1 saucepan
- 1 wooden spoon
- 1 bowl
- 1 20cm x roasting tray
- Aluminum paper
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